The rise of the Catholic church took many centuries, it didn't come from original Christianity. It came from anti Christian forces that embedded themselves into the Christian church. It was a takeover of Christianity by the Roman government.
Rome had its own religion or religions. It was pretty diverse. Yet, it mainly had an emperor cult where emperors were considered divine, or semi divine. Some leaders were associated with miracles and acts of wisdom. To convince the populace of their divinity they were ascribed to have miracles. Typically not the person doing the miracles but God doing them for them. We see this in Egypt with Pharoah and his magicians.
Vespasian a Roman general and later emperor was one such who had miracles, close to the same period as Jesus. His son Titus after conquering Judea and removing the temple returned to Rome and became emperor. Titus also had miracles associated with him as subsequent miracles in Rome became consistent.
Paul's prophecy that Satan would come with all power, signs, and lying wonders was likely a prophecy about the emperors of Rome. This reflects II thess 2:1-15, which was written just before Vespasians miracles in Egypt and Titus miracles in Rome. Titus also sat in the Jewish temple defiling it. This gave Titus claim that he himself was God's son and a messiah of sorts.
2 Thessalonians 2:4
Who opposeth and exalteth himself above all that is called God, or that is worshipped; so that he as God sitteth in the temple of God, shewing himself that he is God.
Sitting in the temple in Jerusalem and Rome gave him claim and he became affiliated with Christ's usurper, or anti-Christ, which he was. The book of revelation seems to cover the rise of anti-Christ, basically the line of Roman emperors who would exalt themselves as God's rulers on earth. This includes the Papacy which is a continuation of the line through the office of Pontifex Maximus. A priest in Rome that rises to head civil authority.
The miracles of the current Catholic body tends to coincide with this Satanic power. This rise would begin in Apostolic days and continue until Christ comes, Christ will destroy the figure, not a single person but a line.
2 Thessalonians 2:9
[Even him,] whose coming is after the working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders,
All power seems to identify with political Rome.
Revelation mentions a harlot and people argue whether this is Jewish or Roman, we need to be reminded that Herod Agrippa's daughter had an affair with Titus the general and emperor, creating an inappropriate bond between Rome and Israel. Sitting as Queen Berenice. Gold coins have been discovered with the Queens inscription in archeology. Revelation may be referencing the political affair. This would mean Revelation saw Israel as a harlot with the empire, the queen worshipping the emperor as divine.
The papacy grew out of this relationship. Through the affair Jews throughout the empire, with miracle support, bonded with the emperor cult.