*Note: These contents are assembled from several web sites, some of whom are now defunct. Although I have the documents in my records, I've provided the current links to available items. Copies of material from defunct sites, as well as my works, are provided below. Copyright belongs to the authors and/or publishers of the material according to the information contained in the documents. An internet search of the titles or of content from the material should be made for referencing purposes. The owner of this web site only claims authorship where indicated within the material.
Causes and Prevention of Intellectual Disabilities — Intellectual disability can be caused by any condition that impairs development of the brain before birth, during birth or in the childhood years.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT CHILDREN FROM INFANCY TO PRE-SCHOOL AGE 2012 — Preterm born children are at an increased risk for various developmental impairments including both severe neurological deficits as well as deficits in cognitive development.
Determinants and Prevention of Low Birth Weight: A Synopsis of the Evidence 2008 — Low birth weight (defined as a birth weight of less than 2500 grams) is associated with fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, impaired cognitive development, and the advent of chronic diseases in later life.
Development and Functioning of Very Low Birth Weight Infants from Infancy to School Age (PIPARI) 2008 — The brain of a preterm infant is prone to biological injuries due to prematurity and related treatments. The final functional outcome is further modified by later environmental factors. Research of mechanisms causing and compensating these injuries opens an interesting view into brain development.
EARLY EXPOSURE TO TOXIC SUBSTANCESDAMAGES BRAIN ARCHITECTURE 2006 — Toxic substances have the capacity to disrupt the development of all of the body’s organ systems. The nature and severity of that disruption depend upon the type of substance, the level and duration of exposure, and most important, on the timing during the developmental process.
Effects of a very low birth weight newborn on family: literature review 2007 — The present study is a literature review to identify the effects of a very low birth weight newborn on family. This is an important instrument to clarify epidemiological issues and to suggest the directions for health policy efforts.
Epidemiology of Intellectual Disability 2010 — This discussion provides an overview of ID across general populations and includes studies based on administrative data and those involving large populations.
Genetic Evaluation of Intellectual Disabilities 2008 — All children with an intellectual disability (mental retardation) or global developmental delay should have a comprehensive evaluation to establish the etiology of the disability. A specific etiologic diagnosis offers the opportunity to discuss treatment, prognosis, and genetic recurrence risk.
Inadequate Iodine Intake Linked to Low Intelligence Quotient 2004 — Inadequate iodine intake is associated with low intelligence quotient (IQ), according to the results of a cross-sectional survey published in the August issue of The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
Intellectual disability: definition, etiological factors, classification, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis 2008 — Etiology and classification: Causal factors related with cognitive disability are multiples and can be classified as follows: Genetic, acquired (congenital and developmental), environmental and sociocultural.
Intellectual Disability and Developmental Disorders in Children — What is Intellectual Disability and Global Developmental Delay?
Intellectual disability Etiology 2011 — The causes of intellectual disability are diffuse, and the efforts to evaluate etiology require a thorough understanding of the types and timing of insults to the developing brain.
Iodine deficiency disorders 2014 — Both insufficient and excessive iodine intake can result in thyroid disease.
Treatable inborn errors of metabolism causing intellectual disability: A systematic literature review 2011 — . Inborn errors of metabolism constitute a subgroup of rare genetic conditions for which an increasing number of treatments has become available. To identify all currently treatable inborn errors of metabolism presenting with predominantly intellectual disability, we performed a systematic literature review.
Very Low Birth Weight Infants as Young Adults Focus on aspects of cognition, behavior and sleep 2011 — The literature shows that VLBW children achieve on average lower scores on cognitive tests, even after exclusion of individuals with obvious neurosensory deficits.