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REVIEW GUIDE
THE UNIT IN 7 NUGGETS:
THE UNIT IN 7 NUGGETS:
*This unit covers what's known as the "Age of Exploration," an era when European powers began to explore the world on a scale never before seen, thanks to new technologies and a hunger for power.
*This unit covers what's known as the "Age of Exploration," an era when European powers began to explore the world on a scale never before seen, thanks to new technologies and a hunger for power.
*It all started from a desire to trade and gain new resources. At first, it was as a craving for Asian spices and other goods that led nations to attempt quicker ways to gain them. Soon, the race was on.
*It all started from a desire to trade and gain new resources. At first, it was as a craving for Asian spices and other goods that led nations to attempt quicker ways to gain them. Soon, the race was on.
*England, Spain, France, Portugal, Italy, and the Netherlands were the main heavyweights of Europe competing with one another for power during this era.
*England, Spain, France, Portugal, Italy, and the Netherlands were the main heavyweights of Europe competing with one another for power during this era.
*Soon, these nations realized there was so much more out there. Not only were other resources available, but there were other lands to conquer as well. A significant amount of land, in fact.
*Soon, these nations realized there was so much more out there. Not only were other resources available, but there were other lands to conquer as well. A significant amount of land, in fact.
*This launched incredible competition around the globe and led to multiple conflicts and wars as colonies were created and empires overlapped.
*This launched incredible competition around the globe and led to multiple conflicts and wars as colonies were created and empires overlapped.
*The messy part, of course, is that these newly discovered lands (referred to as the "New World" in Europe) were not empty. There were already millions of people living in Africa, Asia, and the Western Hemisphere.
*The messy part, of course, is that these newly discovered lands (referred to as the "New World" in Europe) were not empty. There were already millions of people living in Africa, Asia, and the Western Hemisphere.
*The sudden onrush of Europeans to these continents led to horribly negative consequences as nations fought for global dominance over new lands and people.
*The sudden onrush of Europeans to these continents led to horribly negative consequences as nations fought for global dominance over new lands and people.
BIG IDEA:
BIG IDEA:
From the 1400s to the 1600s, European nations explored the world to gain power through trade and colonization.
From the 1400s to the 1600s, European nations explored the world to gain power through trade and colonization.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
What motivates people to explore?
What motivates people to explore?
What positives and negatives can happen when people from different cultures interact?
What positives and negatives can happen when people from different cultures interact?
How did the world change because of the Age of Exploration?
How did the world change because of the Age of Exploration?
The map below is known as the Cantino planosphere. It was made in 1502 by an anonymous cartographer and shows what Europeans believed the world looked like at the time. Can you find all of the continents? Which continents look most accurate to reality? Why do you think that is?
Some people call this map “America’s Birth Certificate". It map was created by Martin Waldseemüller in 1507. It is the first known map that labels America and includes it as a separate continent.
A MEDIEVAL MANOR
A manor was the main piece of land in the feudal system during the Middle Ages in Europe. It was like a small village or community, usually owned by a lord (a noble). The manor had:
The lord’s house or castle (where the noble lived).
A church.
Houses for peasants or serfs (the farmers who worked the land).
Farmland, meadows, and forests.
And could also include: a blacksmith shop, mill, bakery, stable, storage buildings, ponds, orchards, hunting land, woods.
The manor was mostly self-sufficient, meaning the people who lived there grew their own food, raised animals, and made things they needed, so they didn’t have to rely much on outside trade.
For peasants and serfs, life on the manor meant hard work farming and giving part of what they grew to the lord in exchange for protection. For the lord, the manor provided wealth and power.
👉 Think of it like a “mini-country” where nearly everything needed for daily life was found in one place.
YOUR TASK:
CREATE YOUR
OWN MANOR
The year is 1400. Hayrod Garvroom has just founded Garvroomia. He named himself King (of course) and has given pieces of land to citizens called manors. He expects these manors to be run successfully by you, the lord of the manor.
Each manor has 19 hexagon shapes, which you must plan and build your manor on.
King Garvroom gives each lord 19 Garvroomian guilders and tells them to spend the money on creating a strong manor for the kingdom.
Various structures and buildings must fill out your manor. Everything but the river costs guilders.
THE FOLLOWING ARE REQUIRED:
CASTLE: your castle will cost 3 guilders per hex. The bigger the castle, the stronger your manor, but also the more expensive to build. A castle on 3 hexes will be strong, but expensive (9 guilders).
FIELDS: without fields, there would be no food to eat! Each field hex produces enough food to feed 100 people on your manor. Each field hex costs 1 guilder. 2 fields would mean 200 people live there.
WOODS: trees offer both hunting grounds for animals that live there as well as firewood. Woods cost 1 guilder per hex.
RIVER: a river must wind through your manor. It must cover at least 4 hexes. It must begin on one of the outside hexes and end on one of the outside hexes. See the image below. You will color each hex of the river blue. The river is free.
THE FOLLOWING ARE OPTIONAL:
MILL: used to grind wheat and other grains to create flour. They usually ran on water power and would be next to a river. 1 guilder per hex.
CHURCH: the church served as a way to unify the people with one belief. 1 guilder per hex. A massive cathedral costs 3 guilders and will take 3 hexes.
STABLE: equipping your knights with horses increases the strength of your army. 2 guilders per hex.
KNIGHT LODGING: these buildings are slightly nicer than peasant huts and will recruit knights to come to your manor. Each knight lodging hex represents 50 troops and costs 2 guilders per hex.
PEASANT VILLAGE: without the peasants, who is going to grow crops and do the dirty work needed? Certainly not you. Each hex with huts represents 100 villagers. The more people, the more potential fighters and crops. Each village costs 2 guilders per hex.
BAKERY: without a bakery, you will have to trade to get flour to make bread. 1 guilder per hex.
BLACKSMITH FORGE: a forge allows you the advantage of strong tools and strong weapons. 1 guilder per hex.
GAME ARENA: allowing your people time for sports and games will increase their overall happiness. 1 guilder per hex.
THEATER: a theater provides a place for people to laugh amidst the drudgery of life, increasing motivation. 1 guilder per hex.
POND: a pond provides a possible food source. 1 guilder per hex.
You must now decide what you want on your manor. Use the handout to plan ahead.
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