Clamps

These heavy duty bar clamps are excellent for edge laminations, applying strong, balanced/parallel pressure across wide panels. Typical sizes include 48" and 60".

C-clamps provide strong clamping pressure in a range of smaller sizes, typically 2", 4" 6",  and 8". 

Corner clamps hold two pieces in a reliable 90-degree relationship for gluing or otherwise fastening.

F-clamps are the workhorses of the woodshop. Available in wide range of sizes (6", 12", 18", 24", 36", and even bigger), they have one fixed and one sliding jaw that allow them to be positioned quickly and then tightened down hard with the screw handle. The small contact points let you place the clamping pressure with precision.

Handscrews have wooden jaws and a pair of screws, making them both strong and versatile. They can grip parallel or tapered faces, the jaws can be modified for custom shapes, and they are often used to aid workholding where a metal clamp would be risky. Learn to peddle them like a bicycle to impress your friends. 

Pipe clamps are simply two pieces of hardware that can be sleeved onto a pipe of any length, making them bascially infinitely long.  Sometimes a bit cumbersome, since the head and foot can twist relative to each other, but very strong and great to have around for very large assemblies. 

Quick clamps have a ratcheting mechanism that allow you to close and open one-handed. Not quite a strong as their metal F-clamp counterparts, but often convenient. Commonly available in sizes like 6" and 12".

Spring clamps are quick and simple to use for light-duty clamping and temporary fixturing. 

Strap clamps can wrap around rectilinear, round, and irregular shapes with ease and cinch tight. The 90-degree corner bumpers can be deployed or removed as needed. 

Many subsets of woodworking, like lutherie, require specialized clamps that can deliver the right amount of pressure to the right location. Many can be made by the user, so they may offer inspiration if you need an unusual clamping solution.