... Kouros
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Archaic Greek Sculpture: The Kouros
Michael Lahanas
Κούρος
Archaische Griechische Kunst: Der Kouros
Part 1
What spirit is so empty and blind, that it cannot recognize the fact that the foot is more noble than the shoe, and skin more beautiful that the garment with which it is clothed? Michelangelo
The brothers Kleobis and Biton (Κλέοβις και Βίτων) excavated at Delphi in 1893 (identified by an inscription on the base of one of the Kouroi), 590 BC, Delphi, Greece, Sculptor Polymedes from Argos. Inscription: Polymedes the Argive made me. Pausanias also described a relief: Hard by are Cleobis and Biton carved in relief on stone, themselves drawing the carriage and taking in it their mother to the sanctuary of Hera.
More about Kleobis and Biton
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Preparing a Block of Marble to form a Kouros Sculpture. A Grid of Lines was drawn and the Figure projected. A method that was applied for some early Kouros sculptures. Diagram from S. Woodford, An Introduction to Greek Art, Cornell University Press, 1986.
Stele of Dermys and Kitylos, dedicated by Amphalkes to Dermys and Kitylos from Kokali necropolis inTanagra, early 6th century BC, National Archaeological Museum Athens NM 56
The Metropolitan Museum Kouros, Sculptor unknown, produced around 600 BC. The archaic smile is not seen in this kouros who is more serious. Interesting the anatomy that is marked using sharp likes and the details of his long hair. Since the archaic times long hair was a mark of the aristocrats.
Kouros of Tenea (Κούρος Τενέας), a 1.53 m sculpture now in the Glyptothek in Munich Germany
Kouros of Tenea, 575-550 BC, from Tenea in Corinth, showing a man who died young. A Kouros is always a young nude (“heroic nudity”) man . The clinched fists, standing with left leg forward similar to sculptures from Egypt but the Greek Kouroi are completely nude, a unique element found only in Greek culture since the 8th century BC. The Egyptians male sculptures at least wear a kilt. The revolutionary new element is also that the sculptures are standing free, for the first time in western Art. The Egyptians had some elements to support the statue but the Greeks tried to eliminate all pieces that do not belong to the body. Usually a symbol for a dead person but not a real portrait. As the statues were painted I used some color for the Tenea Kouros
A personal color reconstruction of the Tenea Kouros. I think that color makes the appearance a little less strange than the blank color free statue.
The Kouros of Sounion, (3.05m) c.590-580BC , National Archaeological Museum Athens. ( Κούρος του Σουνίου)
The giant Kouros of Samos, around 5 m, found 1981 near the temple of Hera, the Heraion, Samos, dedicated according to an inscription by Isches (Isches Oresios dedicated this). Archaeological Museum of Samos. This Kouros was one of probably 6 other giant kouroi which adorned the road between the ancient city of Samos and the Heraion sanctuary. For comparison of the size the “Kroisos” Kouros (Κούρος Κροίσος), with a look in this image like Michael Jackson as Zombie in the Thriller video, c. 530-520 BC, 1.94 m (marble) from Anavyssos Attica, National Museum Athens Inv. 3851) Greece. Inscription: Stand and mourn at the monument for dead Kroisos, whom violent Ares destroyed, fighting in the front rank.
Kouros of Samos, Kouros of Samos, Kouros of Samos
Even larger is the Kouros of Melanes with 6.4 meter and probably the greatest is the Kouros Apollonas (Naxos) with 10 meter 2 times larger than the giant Kouros of Samos (although not a finished sculpture). But even this Kouros was small compared to the Colossi of Memnon in Egypt
The Volomandra Kouros (Κούρος της Βολομάνδρας), Athens National Museum since 1906, c. 560 BC, 1.79 m, discovered in 1901 (Ennea Pyrgoi), His Face a Closer Look
Some consider the Kouros something like a grave marker that was used by Aristocrats that could afford these very expensive sculptures. Why their form remained for a long period relatively unchanged before the sudden revolution towards realism (mimesis) has been discussed by many specialists.
The Getty Kouros. Is he smiling because he is a modern and not an ancient Kouros?
Probably the sculptors used some rules (archaic canon). For example the ratio size head/body = 1/6 that was changed to 1/7 by Polycleitus as described in his “canon” and realized with the Doryphoros
One of the Ptoon Kouroi , Kouros 12 (Πτώος Κούρος), c. 530-520 BC from the Sanctuary of Apollo Ptoios on the Ptoon mountain, Boeotia.
Ptoon Kouros
Ptoon Kouros 515-500 B.C.
The Kouros from Thera (Apollo of Thera) National Museum Athens
The Kouros (Apollo ) from Orchomenus National Museum Athens
The Rampin Horseman (Αναβάτης Ράμπιν) 560-550 BC, see also the Rampin Head (which is in the In Louvre, Paris) and the Torso in the Acropolis Museum in Athens (the head replaced by a copy).
Former US president B. Clinton and the Rampin Horseman (Source)
Kouros of Europos from ancient Europos in the Goumenissa municipality
The Aristodikos Kouros 510-500 BC (National Archaeological Museum of Athens)
Kouros of Piombino (another image) "A Kouros" from the 1st century BC (archaizing)
Imperfection as Perfect Imitation
High Tech Kouros Production Today
The Getty Kouros (Ancient or Modern ? That is the question) History Detectives and Somebody who knows?
The Strangford Apollo probably from the island Anaphe, near Thera (another image of the Strangford Apollo)
The Merenda Kouros
Kouros from Melos c. 550 BC marble h. 2.14m.
The Kritios Boy (Παις του Κριτίου) c. 490-480 BC (Acropolis Museum) probably from the sculptor Kritios. A transitional sculpture, towards more realism who marks the end of the Kouros art.
Kouros (Apollo) from Naucratis ?
"Kouros", Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
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GREECE - ancient art wasn't black&white
amarildo topalis
Uploaded on Dec 9, 2009
Its a video about ancient art, every statue had colors.
by Amarildo Topalis
duration 07:30 minutes
murrheather13
Published on Nov 25, 2012
Second attempt to get my video to work for my art history professor.
duration 04:12 minutes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fIPjFYukyhM
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for more information, please visit the "The polychromy of Greek and Roman sculpture and architecture" web page
( please using the right click of your mouse, and Open Link in Next Private Window, )
The polychromy of Greek and Roman sculpture and architecture
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