How did Ancient Greek ARCHITECTURE influence us today?
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01. [ ENGLISH ] How did Ancient Greek ARCHITECTURE influence us today? - The BEST COLLECTION of PODCASTS and YOUTUBE VIDEOS for
. The Greeks did not work art for art; beauty was always meant to serve life. And the bodies wanted the ancients beautiful and strong, so that they could receive a balanced and strong mind. And yet, in order to be able to defend the city.
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How did Ancient Greek ARCHITECTURE influence us today?
A R C H I T E C T U R E
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The Parthenon-2008_entzerrt
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The Erechtheion
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arena-style-ancient-greek-architecture-325
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Hellenic people, or people that speak fluent Greek, built Ancient Greek buildings.
The Parthenon Facade-Neville
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The Greeks started making the Columns while building temples. They started with the Doric, then advanced to the Ionic and later the Corinthian Columns. These architectural designs are used widely today in the construction of storey buildings and other sructures.
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What style of column desings?
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Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian
Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian are different types of Greek columns, though we see this art refined by the Romans when they adopt this type of architecture, an example of cultural diffusion. Doric, the first order of Greek columns, has tree key characteristics: no base, 16 to 20 flutes (sharp ridges along the shaft) , and the shaft tapers upward. The Ionic column is more decorative and slender than the Doric columns. It also consist of a scroll on top of the column, a circular base, and 24 flutes. Corinthian columns have far more decoration than any of the other columns. The design consists of leaves and the column has as many flutes as Ionic columns.
• Doric
Doric, the first order of Greek columns, has tree key characteristics: no base, 16 to 20 flutes (sharp ridges along the shaft) , and the shaft tapers upward.
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• Ionic
The Ionic column is more decorative and slender than the Doric columns. It also consist of a scroll on top of the column, a circular base, and 24 flutes.
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• Corinthian
Corinthian columns have far more decoration than any of the other columns. The design consists of leaves and the column has as many flutes as Ionic columns.
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Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian Columns
Posted on September 28, 2014 by thevicfred
The Ancient Greeks introduced the three main orders of columns that we still have today. The three orders are Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian columns, and even though these columns have progressed through time, they still share many similarities.
The first order introduced was the Doric column. The Doric column capital is plain and undecorated, but the actual column is fluted and the circumference gets larger as it gets longer since there is no base.
The second order introduced was the Ionic order. Much like the Doric columns, the Ionic order has a fluted shaft, but it is slightly thinner and it sits on a base. Ionic columns are most easily recognized by the scroll shaped capital at the top.
Lastly, Corinthian columns were introduced. The Corinthian order was most preferred by the Ancient Romans in their architecture. Like the other two orders, Corinthian columns have a fluted shaft, and it shares the same base as an Ionic column. The capital of the Corinthian order is very ornate, and is made up of acanthus leaves and small scrolls.
Even though these three orders were introduced so long ago, they have stayed true to their original designs, and they are still used regularly today.
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Greek architectural orders
An architectural order describes a style of building. In Classical architecture, each order is readily identifiable by means of its proportions and profiles as well as by various aesthetic details. The style of column employed serves as a useful index of the style itself, so identifying the order of the column will then, in turn, situate the order employed in the structure as a whole. The classical orders—described by the labels Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian—do not merely serve as descriptors for the remains of ancient buildings but as an index to the architectural and aesthetic development of Greek architecture itself.
The Doric order
Doric order
The Doric order is the earliest of the three Classical orders of architecture and represents an important moment in Mediterranean architecture when monumental construction made the transition from impermanent materials—like wood—to permanent materials, namely stone. The Doric order is characterized by a plain, unadorned column capital and a column that rests directly on the stylobate of the temple without a base. The Doric entablature includes a frieze composed of trigylphs—vertical plaques with three divisions—and metopes—square spaces for either painted or sculpted decoration. The columns are fluted and are of sturdy, if not stocky, proportions.
Iktinos and Kallikrates, The Parthenon, 447-432 BCE, Athens
The Doric order emerged on the Greek mainland during the course of the late seventh century BCE and remained the predominant order for Greek temple construction through the early fifth century BCE, although notable buildings built later in the the Classical period—especially the canonical Parthenon in Athens—still employed it. By 575 BCE, the order may be properly identified, with some of the earliest surviving elements being the metope plaques from the Temple of Apollo at Thermon. Other early, but fragmentary, examples include the sanctuary of Hera at Argos, votive capitals from the island of Aegina, as well as early Doric capitals that were a part of the Temple of Athena Pronaia at Delphi in central Greece. The Doric order finds perhaps its fullest expression in the Parthenon, c. 447-432 BCE., at Athens designed by Iktinos and Kallikrates.
The Ionic order
Ionic capital, north porch of the Erechtheion, 421-407 BCE, marble, Acropolis, Athens
Ionic order
As its names suggests, the Ionic order originated in Ionia, a coastal region of central Anatolia—today Turkey—where a number of ancient Greek settlements were located. Volutes, scroll-like ornaments, characterize the Ionic capital, and a base supports the column, unlike the Doric order. The Ionic order developed in Ionia during the mid-sixth century BCE and had been transmitted to mainland Greece by the fifth century BCE. Among the earliest examples of the Ionic capital is the inscribed votive column from Naxos, dating to the end of the seventh century BCE.
The monumental temple dedicated to Hera on the island of Samos, built by the architect Rhoikos
c. 570-560 BCE, was the first of the great Ionic buildings, although it was destroyed by earthquake in short order. The sixth century BCE Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, a wonder of the ancient world, was also an Ionic design. In Athens, the Ionic order influenced some elements of the Parthenon, 447-432 BCE, notably the Ionic frieze that encircles the cella of the temple. Ionic columns are also employed in the interior of the monumental gateway to the Acropolis, known as the Propylaia, c. 437-432 BCE. The Ionic was promoted to an exterior order in the construction of the Erechtheion, c. 421-405 BCE, on the Athenian Acropolis, image below.
North porch of the Erechtheion, 421-407 BCE, marble, Acropolis, Athens
The Ionic order is notable for its graceful proportions, which produce a more slender and elegant profile than the Doric order. The ancient Roman architect Vitruvius compared the Doric module to a sturdy, male body, while the Ionic was possessed of more graceful, feminine proportions. The Ionic order incorporates a running frieze of continuous sculptural relief, as opposed to the Doric frieze composed of triglyphs and metopes.
The Greek orders
The Corinthian order
Corinthian capital
The Corinthian order is both the latest and the most elaborate of the Classical orders of architecture. This order was employed in both Greek and Roman architecture with minor variations and gave rise, in turn, to the Composite order. As the name suggests, the origins of the order were connected in antiquity with the Greek city-state of Corinth, where, according to the architectural writer Vitruvius, the sculptor Callimachus drew a set of acanthus leaves surrounding a votive basket (Vitr. 4.1.9-10). In archaeological terms, the earliest known Corinthian capital comes from the Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae and dates to c. 427 BCE.
Acanthus leaf
The defining element of the Corinthian order is its elaborate, carved capital, which incorporates even more vegetal elements than the Ionic order does. The stylized, carved leaves of an acanthus plant grow around the capital, generally terminating just below the abacus. The Romans favored the Corinthian order, perhaps due to its slender properties. The order is employed in numerous notable Roman architectural monuments, including the Temple of Mars Ultor, the Pantheon in Rome, and the Maison Carrée in Nîmes.
Legacy of the Greek architectural canon
The canonical Greek architectural orders have exerted influence on architects and their imaginations for thousands of years. While Greek architecture played a key role in inspiring the Romans, its legacy also stretches far beyond antiquity. When James “Athenian” Stuart and Nicholas Revett visited Greece during the period from 1748 to 1755 and subsequently published The Antiquities of Athens and Other Monuments of Greece, 1762, in London, the Neoclassical revolution was underway.
Captivated by Stuart and Revett’s measured drawings and engravings, Europe suddenly demanded Greek forms. Architects like Robert Adam drove the Neoclassical movement, creating buildings such as Kedleston Hall, an English country house in Kedleston, Derbyshire. Neoclassicism even jumped the Atlantic Ocean to North America, spreading the rich heritage of Classical architecture even further—and making the Greek architectural orders not only extremely influential, but eternal.
Text by Dr. Jeffrey A. Becker
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The classical orders
Smarthistory. art, history, conversation.
Published on May 17, 2013
A conversation with Dr. Steven Zucker & Dr. Beth Harris
In classical architecture, the Orders consist of variations of an assembly of parts made up of a column (usually with a base), a capital, and an entablature. These structural units may be repeated and combined to form the elevation of a building and its architectural vocabulary.
There are eight Orders in total: Doric (Greek and Roman versions), Tuscan, Ionic (Greek and Roman), Corinthian (Greek and Roman), and Composite. The simplest is the Tuscan, supposedly derived from the Etruscan-type temple. It has a base and capital and a plain column. The Doric is probably earlier, however, its Greek version having no base, as on the Parthenon. The Ionic Order, with its twin volute capitals, originated in Asia Minor in the mid-6th century B.C.E. The Corinthian Order was an Athenian invention of the 5th century B.C.E. and was later developed by the Romans. The Composite Order is a late Roman combination of elements from the Ionic and Corinthian Orders.
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art Terms, Michael Clarke, Deborah Clarke. © 2012 Oxford University Press. Available at Oxford Art OnlineAncient Greece
. Created by Beth Harris and Steven Zucker.
duration 11:07 minutes
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrRJkzXl4a4&feature=youtu.be
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These styles of column design and architecture were adapted by the Romans, and serve as the basis of everything known as Classical architecture today.
This is Classical architecture.
This Classical architecture has Doric style of column.
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The most popular and famous Greek buildings are:
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The Parthenon
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The Erechtheion
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The Temple of Zeus
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The Temple of Hera II (or Apollo or Neptune) is one of the best-preserved Greek temples in the world
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S T A T U E S
The Erechtheion-Caryatids The Alexander the Great
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Greeks also made statues of their Gods and their famous philosophers and other famous people around them.
Later Greek sculptors made more realistic statues in natural poses, showing muscles, hair, and clothing in much greater detail.The styles of greek sculpture have become much more realistic.Greek sculpture began with the figures very stiff, arms , as time progresses the statues became more relaxed and more natural looking.
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The most famous and popular statues of Greece are:
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• The Victorious Youth
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• Athena Parthenos
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• Antinous Mondragone
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• Alexander the Great
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After making statues and building buildings and temples, Greeks got very successful.
Statue_of_Hera_from_Louvre_Museum_photo_by_Marie-Lan_Nguyen
Parthenon-2008_entzerrt
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GREECE - ancient art wasn't black&white
amarildo topalis
Uploaded on Dec 9, 2009
Its a video about ancient art, every statue had colors.
by Amarildo Topalis
duration 07:30 minutes
murrheather13
Published on Nov 25, 2012
Second attempt to get my video to work for my art history professor.
duration 04:12 minutes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fIPjFYukyhM
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for more information, please visit the "The polychromy of Greek and Roman sculpture and architecture" web page
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The polychromy of Greek and Roman sculpture and architecture
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