Look for the thinking head to help you identify the "big ideas" to take away from the lesson, as well as the open book to easily find definitions.
Line is the visual path left by a moving point. It is also a mark, guide, or boundary that leads the eye of a viewer around a work of art.
Line orientation describes the direction that a line is moving in space. There are five different line orientations: vertical, horizontal, diagonal, zigzag, and curved. As humans, we associate different feelings and ideas to the different line orientations.
Vertical lines
are straight lines that move in an up and down direction without slanting
can suggest height and strength
vertical
Horizontal lines
straight lines that are parallel to the horizon, so they move from left to right in space
can suggest width, distance, calmness, and stability
horizontal
Diagonal lines
straight lines that slant in any direction except horizontal or vertical
can suggest movement or lack of stability
diagonal
Zigzag lines
a series of diagonal lines joined at ends
can suggest action and excitement; restlessness and anxiety
zigzag
Curved lines
lines that bend and change direction gradually
can be simply wavy or spiral
can suggest feelings of comfort and ease, and the sensual as they remind us of the human body
curved
Line characteristics describe other information about line. Five notable characteristics of line are: length, width, weight, texture, and style.
Line length
lines can be long or short
lines vary in length
Line width
lines can be thin (delicate, lightweight) to thick (strong, heavy, powerful)
lines vary in width
Line weight
line weight can be light or heavy based on the thickness, colour, and/or value of the line
varying line weights can suggest feelings of energy and movement, as well as depth
lines vary in visual weight
Line texture
line texture can be smooth or rough and based on the art medium used to make the line itself (eg., a line made using pencil will differ in texture from a brushstroke of paint)
lines can have different textures
Line style
continuous and implied lines are great for leading the eye of the viewer in the direction you want
dashed or dotted lines are great for patterns, evoking energy, and calling for the viewer's attention
line focus refers to lines that are sharp or blurred
lines vary in style
Line can also be classified into different categories (or types). Let's look at six categories found most often in works of art: outlines, contour lines, sketch lines, implied lines, gesture lines, and calligraphic lines.
1. Outlines (or Contour lines) create a path around the edge of a shape. In fact, outlines define shapes. They can describe the shape of an object as well as the interior details.
4. Cross contour lines follow paths across a shape to delineate differences in surface features. They give flat shapes a sense of form (the illusion of three dimensions), and can also be used to create shading.
2. Sketch lines capture the appearance or impression of an object.
5. Implied lines are not actually drawn but made by a group of objects seen from a distance; or, it is the direction an object is pointing to or the direction a person is looking at.
3. Gesture lines are quick, continuous lines that are often used to represent the human form and movement.
6. Calligraphic lines are precise, flowing lines that are like the strokes in elegant handwriting or brushwork. They use quickness and gesture, more akin to paint strokes, to imbue an artwork with a fluid, lyrical character.
parallel
perpendicular
dashed
dotted
outline
contour
actual
implied
blurred
bold
vertical
horizontal
diagonal
zigzag
jagged
curved
spiral
straight
wavy
short
long
thin
thick
scribbled
free-hand
broken
interrupted
meandering
sharp
Sketchbook Assignment: Self Portrait using LINE
Recall these important ideas before beginning the assignment:
We have a psychological response to different types of lines:
Curved lines suggest comfort and ease
Horizontal lines suggest distance and calm
Vertical lines suggest height and strength
Jagged lines suggest turmoil and anxiety
The way we draw a line can convey different expressive qualities:
Freehand lines can express the personal energy and mood of the artist
Mechanical lines can express a rigid control
Continuous lines can lead the eye in certain directions
Broken lines can express the ephemeral or the insubstantial
Thick lines can express strength
Thin lines can express delicacy
In your sketchbook:
Self-Portrait using only LINE --- read ALL the steps before you start ---
Draw a 5 inch wide by 7 inch tall rectangle in the centre of your page (your drawing will go inside)
Brainstorm 3 ideas about yourself (what is your personality? your normal mood? your energy level?) - you want to think about the LINES you think will best communicate something about yourself
Using ONLY LINE sketch a self-portrait on the page - it may realistic, abstract, or stylized
Remember that your portrait should consider LINE orientation, characteristics, and type that match your personality. For example, if you are a serious person, you may choose to use straight lines that are mechanical (or precise). If you are more of an outgoing personality, perhaps adding lots of curved lines and experimenting with line weight (bold lines) or style (dashed or dotted).
You may work with pencil or felt-tip pen. No colour and no shading!
Sketchbook Assignment: 5 Functions of Lines in Art
In your sketchbook:
You will create an INFOGRAPHIC that visually tells the story of the 5 most common functions of lines in art.
On a new page in your sketchbook, measure and draw 5 squares that are 3 inches by 3 inches in size. You may arrange the squares in any way you like on your page.
Create a title "5 Common Functions of LINE" that is included with your 5 squares.
In each box, illustrate an example of the LINE function that is described. For example, For Identification function, you could create a still life drawing of an object using contour lines.
You may include shading and/or colour for this assignment (as appropriate)
Recall The 5 Functions of LINE:
Identification function of a line refers to it’s most basic function of capturing the essence of the subject. Meaning, our brain is able to identify a few varying lines put together in a certain way as a human or an object.
three-dimensional function of line is to provide a sense of space. Variation of a line in tonality, width, weight, focus and intensity is what allows for the effect to occur.
For example, if an object is far, the tone of the line will be lighter and thinner, than for the object that is close (darker and thicker).
organization function of a line refers to the basic underdrawing (or sketch) for artwork in painting/drawing, as well as separating or grouping elements on a page in design.
It’s often the stage when one defines the composition of art, where the foreground, middle ground and background lies, as well as the objects within it.
movement function of a line refers to guiding the viewer’s eyes in the desired direction, as well as showing the movement of a subject.
It’s often done through varying line’s width, direction, or using implied lines.
texture function of a line is using different variations of a line to imply textures. For example, smooth texture is created with straight or curved unbroken lines, messy texture can be created by using a different tool, and fur textures are created with a specific pattern.
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