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Overview of the Skeletal System
Overview of the Skeletal System
What it the Skeletal System?
Much more than a framework for tissues in the body
Composed of bones of the skeleton and cartilage, ligaments, and other connective tissues that stabilize and connect our bones.
Separated into two parts: the axial (highlighted on the left) and appendicular (highlighted on the right)
What does the Skeletal System do?
The Skeletal System provides support for your body
Provides protection for your organs and stores minerals
Function:
Allows movement: Our skeleton supports our body weight to help us stand and move. Joints, connective tissue, and muscles all work together to make our body parts mobile.
Produces blood cells: Bones contain bone marrow. There are red and white blood cells that are produced in bone marrow.
Protects and supports organs: Our skull shields our brain, our ribs protect our heart and lungs, and our backbone protects our spine.
Stores minerals: Bones hold our body’s supply of minerals like calcium and vitamin D.
6 Types of Synovial Joints
Fun Fact!
Fun Fact!
Abduction is a type of angular movement from a synovial joint. It moves away from your body... laterally (and literally haha). The opposite of this movement is called adduction, which is towards your body. You can think of adduction as adding to your body/getting closer and abduction as abducting/taking or moving away from your body.
Further Depth:
3 types of synovial joint movement:
Uniaxial- Along 1 plane axis
Biaxial- Along 2 plane axises
Multiaxial- Along 3+ plane axises
6 Specific Types:
Shown to the left. Plane, Hinge, Pivot, Condylar, Saddle, and Ball and Socket.
4 Types of Synovial Joint Movement:
Gliding, Angular, Rotational, and Special Movements. You may find further information about these on page 306 and 307 of the textbook.
McKinley, M. P., O'Loughlin, V. D., & Bidle, T. S. (2021). Anatomy & Physiology: An Integrative Approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Page 303-307
Form:
The skeletal system is a network of many different parts that work together to help us move. The main part of our skeletal system consists of our bones, hard structures that create our body’s framework, the skeleton. There are 206 bones in an adult human skeleton. Each bone has three main layers:
Periosteum: The periosteum is a tough membrane that covers and protects the outside of the bone.
Compact bone: Below the periosteum, compact bone is white, hard, and smooth. It provides structural support and protection.
Spongy bone: The core, inner layer of the bone is softer than compact bone. It has small holes called pores to store marrow.
The other components of our skeletal system include:
Cartilage: This smooth and flexible substance covers the tips of our bones where they meet. It enables bones to move without friction (rubbing against each other). When cartilage wears away, it can be very painful and cause movement problems.
Joints: A joint is where two or more bones in the body come together. There are three different joint types. The types of joints are:
Immovable joints: Immovable joints don’t let the bones move at all, like the joints between our skull bones.
Partly movable joints: These joints allow limited movement. The joints in our rib cage are partly movable joints.
Movable joints: Movable joints allow a wide range of motion. Our elbow, shoulder, and knee are movable joints.
Ligaments: Bands of strong connective tissue called ligaments hold bones together.
Tendons: Tendons are bands of tissue that connect the ends of a muscle to your bone.
An Infant skeleton has 100 more bones than the skeleton of an adult.
Flat Bones: Flat bones are used to protect internal organs such as the heart, brain and pelvic organs
Fun Fact!
Fun Fact!
Infants have about 270 bones! They have about 64 more bones than a fully grown adult because much of their bones are separated by cartilage, this helps them make their way through the birth canal. As they grow up, these bones ossify and fuse together. Majority of these bones are found in the infants head within their sutures, called sutural bones. They also have fontanelles, or spaces within their cranium, where the bones haven't finished ossifying.
Palmer, B. (2021, July 26). Anatomy, Bones - StatPearls. NCBI.
Retrieved October 15, 2022, from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537199/
Textbook page 257, 262
Anatomy of the Newborn Skull. (n.d.). Stanford Children's Health. Retrieved October
16, 2022, from https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=anatomy-of
the-newborn-skull-90-P01840
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