The Convention addresses the legal difficulties arising from disappearance due to events of war or persecution of persons, whose death cannot be proved. The Convention provides for declarations of death of persons whose last residence was in Europe, Asia or Africa who have disappeared in the years 1939-1945, under circumstances affording reasonable ground to infer that they have died in consequence of events of war or of racial religious, political or national persecution.
At Lake Success, on April 6, 1950, an international conference, convened by the United Nations,: established and opened for accession (act whereby a state accepts the offer or the opportunity to become a party to a treaty already negotiated and signed by other states) by states an international convention on the declaration of death of missing persons.
The Convention, though limited in scope, marks a first step toward the solution, on an international basis, of a problem of considerable complexity.
It seems that two considerations led to the recognition of the necessity for an examination of the problem by international organizations and for international action:
(a) During and after World War II the number of cases in which declarations of death were helpful or necessary increased in an unprecedented manner, and the proportion of cases of international character increased even more;
(b) National laws differed fundamentally in their treatment of the problem and as a result insurmountable difficulties were apt to arise in cases involving an international element
Article 1 Scope
The present Convention provides for declarations of death of persons whose last residence was in Europe, Asia or Africa who have disappeared in the years 1939-1945, under circumstances affording reasonable ground to infer that they have died in consequence of events of war or of racial, religious, political or national persecution.
However, members of armed forces serving in Europe, Asia or Africa shall not, by reason only of such service, be considered as having had their residence in those continents.
Contracting States may, by notification 10 the Secretary-General of the United Nations, extend its application to persons having disappeared subsequently to 1945 under similar circumstances. Such extension shall only apply as between those States which have made such notification.
The persons covered by paragraphs I and 2 of this article will be hereafter referred to as "missing persons".
Article 2 Competent tribunals
1. The term "tribunal", as used in the present Convention, shall apply to all authorities empowered ratione materiae to determine the fact of death under the governing domestic law.
2. Subject to paragraph 1 of this article. the following tribunals shall be competent ratione loci to receive applications and to issue declarations of death:
(i) The tribunal of the place of the last domicile of the missing person or of his last voluntary or involuntary residence;
(ii) The tribunal, in the country of which the missing person was a national, competent under applicable domestic law or, in its absence, the tribunal of the capital of that country;
(iii) The tribunal of the place of the situs of property of the missing person;
(iv) The tribunal of the place of decease of the missing person;
(v) The tribunal of the place of domicile or residence of the applicant in the case of an application filed by any of the following relatives: ascendants, descendants, adopted children and their issue, brothers and sisters and their issue, uncles, aunts. or spouse.
3. However, any Contracting State shall be entitled 10 designate for the whole or a part of its territory one or several tribunals to which it will transfer or assign the competence which the preceding paragraph would have conferred on any of its tribunals. Such designation shall be communicated to the Secretary-General.
4. When an applicant has applied to a tribunal considered by him as competent under the preceding paragraphs of the present article, he shall not be entitled to make a subsequent application to another tribunal unless he has withdrawn his first application before judgment has been rendered or unless the first tribunal does not regard itself as competent to deal with the application.
Artículo 1 Ámbito de aplicación
1. El presente Convenio prevé la declaración de fallecimiento de personas cuya última residencia haya sido en Europa, Asia o África y que hayan desaparecido en los años 1939-1945, en circunstancias que permitan inferir razonablemente que han muerto como consecuencia de acontecimientos bélicos o de persecuciones raciales, religiosas, políticas o nacionales.
No obstante, no se considerará que los miembros de las fuerzas armadas que presten servicio en Europa, Asia o África, por el mero hecho de hacerlo, tengan su residencia en dichos continentes.
2. Los Estados contratantes podrán, mediante notificación al Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas, ampliar su aplicación a las personas desaparecidas después de 1945 en circunstancias similares. Dicha prórroga sólo se aplicará entre los Estados que hayan realizado dicha notificación.
3. Las personas contempladas en los apartados I y 2 de este artículo se denominarán en lo sucesivo "personas desaparecidas".
Artículo 2 Tribunales competentes
1. El término "tribunal", tal y como se utiliza en el presente Convenio, se aplicará a todas las autoridades facultadas ratione materiae para determinar el hecho de la muerte en virtud de la legislación interna vigente.
2. Sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en el apartado 1 del presente artículo. serán competentes ratione loci para recibir solicitudes y emitir declaraciones de fallecimiento los siguientes tribunales:
(i) El tribunal del lugar del último domicilio de la persona desaparecida o de su última residencia voluntaria o involuntaria;
(ii) El tribunal del país del que era nacional la persona desaparecida, competente según el derecho interno aplicable o, en su defecto, el tribunal de la capital de ese país;
(iii) El tribunal del lugar donde se encuentran los bienes de la persona desaparecida;
(iv) El tribunal del lugar de fallecimiento de la persona desaparecida;
(v) El tribunal del lugar del domicilio o de la residencia del solicitante en el caso de una solicitud presentada por cualquiera de los siguientes familiares: ascendientes, descendientes, hijos adoptivos y su descendencia, hermanos y hermanas y su descendencia, tíos, tías. o cónyuge.
3. No obstante, todo Estado contratante podrá designar para la totalidad o una parte de su territorio uno o varios tribunales a los que transferirá o asignará la competencia que el párrafo anterior habría conferido a cualquiera de sus tribunales. Dicha designación se comunicará al Secretario General.
4. Cuando un demandante haya acudido a un tribunal que considere competente en virtud de los párrafos anteriores del presente artículo, no tendrá derecho a presentar una demanda posterior ante otro tribunal, a menos que haya retirado su primera demanda antes de que se dicte sentencia o que el primer tribunal no se considere competente para conocer de la demanda.