Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

January 2021

Muys:

-Crop rotation + explain mechanisms

-5 multiple choice questions

Koenraad Van Meerbeek:

-Land-sparing and Land-sharing: explain, which one is the best, give 2 assumptions of land sparing

-5 multiple choice questions

Constanza:

Market-based approaches explain + supporters and critics (max 350 words)

2018-2019

2019.01.15 Afternoon

Bart Muys

Written: 6 words, put them in the right combination and explain what it means and why they are connected: fallow, synthetic community, Orthogonality, MEA, legumes, CICES

Oral: Describe the particle swarm optimization theory and describe it using an example. Why is it useful for simulations and why it reduces the calculation effort and time when describing ES value

Konraed Van Meerbeek

Written: 10 words, put the words in the right combination and explain them short + explain why they are connected: Aichi-targets, Global Biodiversity Outlook, ballast waters, ecological replacement, reintroduction, alien invasive species, red list, millennia seed bank, geographic range, ex situ conservation

Oral: Fragmentation, what it is, which factors affect biodiversity and how can the effects be reduced

Liesbeth Vranken written

There are some discussions about giving economic values to biodiversity and ecosystem services, on the one hand they are very criticised and on the other hand they might have a positive role. Describe the benefits of giving monetary value to B & ES.

Januari 18th, 2018

Martin Hermy:

1) (oral) explain the different types of rarity, are the extinction risk the same? (+ examples)

2) (written) Pair the words, explain the link between them and explain the words: endemic, rank-abundace diagram, Ginkgo, CICES, green infrastructure, endemic, Ecosystem service, TRY, functional diversity, emerald network of sites, DIPSIR framework, chao1

Bart Muys:

1) (oral) explain how simulators work + explain particle swarm analysis. How can they optimize management for multiple ecosystems?

2) (written) pair words, explain link and words: MEA, CICES, fallow, legumne, representativeness, comprehensiveness

Liesbeth Vranken: (written) explain the economic framework, can the market find a good equilitbium of ES on its own?

Exams from the Bio-engineering website:

25/01/17 afternoon

Muys:

Define Simulators and Decision Support Systems and explain the differences using an example for each.

Words: Fetish Tree, Scenic Beauty, empty world model, natural capital, ...

Hermy:

What do we call the progress where a forest is split up in smaller area's (fragmentation), what are the consequences of this process, and how does the concept of exctinction debt fit in all this?

Words: Ecosystem Health, Resilience, Chao1, Shannon Diversity, EEA, DSPIR, Novel Ecosystems, Recent Forest, Mutualism, Lichen, Introduction, Immigration Credit

Vranken: There has been some critique on economic valuation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, explain. What are the (dis)advantages of valuation. What can Economic Valuation do to help in the context of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.

19/01/2017 morning

Muys:

Question about the successional phases of an ecosystem and what ecosystem services apply for those stages. Also exergy storage/buffering and examples. Link 6 words in pairs of 2: Future world model, +

Hermy:

Explain the different forms of rarity and give examples. Link 12 words in pairs of 2: Ecosystem Services, Ginkgo, Endemic, CICES, Rank-abundance diagram, CHAO1, +

Vranken: (Dis)advantages of economic valuation of ES and BD.

19/01/2017 afternoon

Hermy:

Oral question: Give 5 hypotheses that explain the latitudinal biodiversity gradient and explain them.

Written: 12 words, make 6 pairs and explain: Lichen, Mutualism, Climate change, Biosphere reserves, Emerald Network, Resilience, metapopulation, fragmentation, introduction, no-analog ecosystem, Chao1, Collector's curve

Muys:

Oral question: Explain the BD-ES cascade model. What are its shortcomings and how can the thermodynamic and economic model solve this?

Written: 6 words, make 3 pairs and explain: resilience, stability, surface temperature, temperature buffering, ecocrisis, antropocene

Vranken (only a written question): the market has no optimal level for ecosystem services and biodiversity, why is this? Explain this by using the economic framework of ES

20/01/2016 morning

Hermy:

Oral question: explain the different conservation shortcuts

Written: 12 words, make 6 pairs and explain: Aichi targets, Living planet index, CITES, Rarity, Endemic, Evolutionary speed hypothesis, Mycorrhiza, Mutualism, phylum, marsupials, resilience, tipping point

Muys:

Oral question: explain the relationship between BD en ES by giving two examples related to food production.

Written: 6 words, make 3 pairs and explain: CICES, milennium ecosystem assessment, insurance effect, non-wood forest products, biodiversity-stability hypothese, resilience

Vranken (only a written question): the market has no optimal level for ecosystem services and biodiversity, why is this? How can economics make sure of an appropriate level?

20/01/2016 afternoon

Hermy:

Oral question: explain the framework of species with climate change (or another forcing effect). What are the main concepts and give some scenarios --> extinction debt and immigration credit

Written question: link 12 words in pairs, explain why and explain the terms seperately: DPSIR, EEA, mutualism, lichen, collecter's curve, Chao1, ecosystem health, resilience, novel ecosystems, fragmentation, metapopulation, introduction

Muys:

Oral question: explain the different relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem services + give some examples --> indirect, direct, none, hybrid

Written question: link 6 words in pairs, explain why and explain seperately: empty world model, social-ecological system, natural capital, functional trait, complementarity + 1 more

Vranken (only a written question): the market has no optimal level for ecosystem services and biodiversity, why is this? How can economics make sure of an appropriate level?

21/01/15 morning:

Hermy:

Oral question: explain the different conservation shortcuts

Written: 12 words, make 6 pairs and explain: Aichi targets, Living planet index, CITES, Rarity, Endemic, Evolutionary speed hypothesis, Mycorrhiza, Mutualism, 4 others (don't remember, the rest van add) edit: also phylum, marsupials, resilience, tipping point

Muys:

Oral question: BEF relationships, hypotheses and metrics to test these

Written: 6 words, make 3 pairs and explain: bioturbation, ecosystem engineer, anthropocene, urban-industrial society, orthogonal, synthetic community

21/01/15 afternoon;

Hermy:

Climate change=> species can not adapt fast enough, if spontaneous colonization is no option, what else can you do?

Link terms: ecological filter, endemic, a species name that i did not know, CICES, DPSIR, ecosystem services, green infrastructure, chao1, rank-abundance diagram, endemic, assembly rules, emerald network

Muys:

Definition ES and standard method of classification and example of ecosystem with ES of each category

Terms: addative, synergistic, ecosystem stability, natural capital, empty world model, (+1 which?)