1.malfeasance nounLAW wrongdoing, especially (US) by a public official.
2.What is the true definition of malfeasance?
Malfeasance is an act that is illegal and causes physical or monetary harm to someone else. Malfeasance is intentional conduct that is wrongful or unlawful, especially by officials or public employees.
3.What is malfeasance with example?
Malfeasance is the intentional act of doing something legally or morally wrong, resulting in harm. For example, a Kentucky county clerk who refuses to issue marriage licenses to all couples to avoid issuing them to same-sex couples.
4. What is an example of misfeasance?
An example of misfeasance could include a public official hiring their sister without realizing that it would be against the law to hire a family member.
5.What is malfeasance misfeasance and nonfeasance?
Nonfeasance is defined as the intentional failure to perform a required duty or obligation. Misfeasance is when someone performs an action incorrectly or a legal act performed in an illegal manner. Malfeasance is when a party causes injury to another party on purpose.
6.Malfeasance occurs when the act is intentional, whereas misfeasance is completed accidentally. Misfeasance can occur rather frequently without second-guessing it. Nonfeasance is a failure to act when action is required. Corporate legal teams help assure no misfeasance, nonfeasance, or malfeasance occur.
7.What is the difference between malfeasance misfeasance and nonfeasance quizlet?
Differentiated among a malfeasance, a misfeasance, and a nonfeasance. Misfeasance- a legal act performed in an improper way. Nonfeasance- failing to perform an act that should have been performed to prevent injury or damage. Malfeasance- wrongdoing, especially by a public official.
8.What is an example of nonfeasance misfeasance and malfeasance?
If the catering company didn't come then it is considered as a nonfeasance. If the company provides only food and did not provide a drink then it is misfeasance. If the catering company accepts the bribes from somebody to provide poisonous food then it is malfeasance.
9.What is nonfeasance with example?
A nonfeasance example is a doctor failing to perform life-saving interventions or a nurse failing to either call for a doctor or help by using a defibrillator when a patient goes into cardiac arrest. Nonfeasance can also apply if a daycare worker fails to supervise children, causing serious harm.
10.What is the definition of act of misfeasance?
The incorrect, improper or wrongful performance of a lawful act.
11.What is the other term of nonfeasance?
the nonperformance of an assigned or expected action you can sue for nonfeasance if the company doesn't fulfill the contract. Synonyms & Similar Words. Relevance. negligence. neglect.
12.What is an example sentence for malfeasance?
Two officials were dismissed by the bank for malfeasance, a scapegoat gesture. He was accused of malfeasance in office, but he was not tried until several years had elapsed.
13.What is misfeasance case law in India?
Generally, a civil defendant will be liable for misfeasance as the defendant owes a duty of care towards the plaintiff and did not perform his duty properly, doing an operation is a lawful act but there is an improper performance of the lawful act.
14.Which of the following tort is an example of malfeasance?
Types of trespass are: Trespass to person, trespass to land and trespass to chattel. Trespass is malfeasance i.e; commission of illegal / wrongful act which is actionable per se.
15.What is nonfeasance Black's law Dictionary?
The neglect or failure of a person to do some act which he ought to do.
16.A good motive is no justification for an action otherwise illegal and a bad motive does not make wrongful an act otherwise legal. Discuss the statement with its exceptions, if any.
“It is the act and not the motive for the act that must be regarded. If the act, apart from the motive, gives rise merely to damage with legal injury, the motive, however, reprehensible it may be, will not supplement that element”-Salmond
An act, otherwise lawful, cannot generally be made actionable by an averment that it was done with evil motive. An evil motive per se does not amount to injuria or legal wrong.If a person has a right to do something then his motive in doing it is irrelevant.
What is motive? Motive is the reasons behind a person's actions, an inner drive that signifies the reason for a person’s conduct. Motive leads to formation of intention, which is the subsequent cause. Motive is the ultimate object, with which an act is done, while intention is the immediate purpose. When an act is done with bad intention, it is called malice. Malice-in-Fact refers to performance of an act which may be legal, but with ill-will, or hatred, or bad intention. Whereas, Malice-in-Law, refers to a wrongful act, done intentionally, without just cause or legal excuse.
"Intent" in criminal law is synonymous with Mens rea, which means the mental state. A motive, in law, especially criminal law, is the cause that moves people to induce a certain action. The legal system typically allows motive to be proven in order to make plausible the accused's reasons for committing a crime. However, motive is not essential to the maintenance of an action for tort. A wrongful act does not become lawful merely because the motive is good. Similarly, a lawful act does not become wrongful because of an improper, evil motive or malice.
The decisions of Lord Halsbury and Lord Watson in Bradford Corporation Versus Pickle and Allen Versus Food may be treated as one of the earliest decisions that settled that motive is irrelevant in tort.
1.Bradford Corporation v Pickles [1895] AC 587
Facts-The plaintiffs owned land beneath which were water springs that were used for more than 40 years to supply Bradford town with water. The defendant owned land on a higher level than the plaintiffs. Under the defendant’s land was a natural reservoir and water flowed from this reservoir down to the plaintiffs’ springs. However, the defendant sank a shaft into his land in order to alter the flow of the water. This seriously reduced the amount of water that flowed into the plaintiffs’ springs. There was ample evidence to suggest that the defendant followed this course of action, not in order to provide any direct benefit to himself, but simply so as to deprive the plaintiffs of water. The plaintiffs insisted that this was malicious and hence that they were entitled to an injunction to prevent the defendant acting in this manner.
Held-
Lord Halsbury L.C : This is not a case in which the state of mind of the person doing the act can affect the right to do it. If it was a lawful act, however ill the motive might be, he had a right to do it. Motives and intentions in such a question as is now before your Lordships seem to me to be absolutely irrelevant.
LORD WATSON: No use of property, which would be legal if due to a proper motive, can become illegal because it is prompted by a motive which is improper or even malicious.
2. Allen v Flood [1898] AC 1
Facts:
Flood and Walter was a shipwright employed on a ship, liable to be discharged at any time. Fellow workers objected to their employment as they had worked for a rival employer. Allen was a trade union representative for the other employees on the ship and approached the employers, telling them that if they did not discharge Flood and Walter, the other employees would strike. The employers consequently discharged Flood and Walter and refused to employ them again, where they otherwise would. Flood and Walter brought action for maliciously inducing a breach of contract.
Issue:
Whether the judge erred in finding that Allen had induced a procurement of contract unlawfully.
Held:
The decision was reversed, finding that Allen had not violated any legal rights of Flood and Walter. There was no legal right for them to be employed by employer and Allen had not carried out an unlawful act and had not used any unlawful means, in procuring the employee’s dismissal. Allen was found to have made a representation to the employers of what would happen if they continued to employee Flood and Walter. He relied the events of what he believed would happen and the employers believed him. This was not considered to be an obstruction or disturbance of any right: it was not the procurement of the violation of any right. Allen’s conduct was not actionable, however malicious or bad his motive might be.
The courts in India have also spoken about the non-relevance of motive as well as malice in tort. In Vishnu Basudeo V. T.H.S Pearse [AIR 1949 NAG 364] and Town Area Committee V. Prabhu Dayal [AIR 1975 All 132], courts have held that it is to be seen if the act is lawful, then motive with which it was done is of little significance.
Exceptions to the rule
But it must be conceded that there are established exceptions to the general rule of irrelevancy of motive in torts. There are certain categories of torts where motive may be an essential element or relevant in determining liability.
Defamation refers to the act of publication of defamatory content that lowers, harms or injures the reputation, character or goodwill of an individual or an entity. If defamation occurs in spoken words or gestures (or other such transitory form) then it is termed as slander and the same if in written or printed formsuch as writings, pictures, cartoons, statues etcis libel. Defamation in India is both a civil and a criminal offence. In Civil Law, defamation falls under the Law of Torts, which imposes punishment in the form of damages awarded to the claimant (person filing the claim). Under Criminal Law, Defamation is bailable, non-congnizable and compoundable offence. Defamation as a criminal offence is listed under section 499 of the Indian Penal Code-whoever, by words either spoken or intended to be read, or by signs or by visible representations, makes or publishes any imputation concerning any person intending to harm, or knowing or having reason to believe that such imputation will harm, the reputation of such person, is said, except in the cases hereinafter expected, to defame that person. The punishment, mentioned under section 500, can extend upto simple imprisonment for a term of two years, or with fine, or both.
There are certain essential requirements for a successful defamation suit-
First, the presence of defamatory content is required. Defamatory content is defined as one calculated to injure the reputation of another by exposing him to hatred, contempt or ridicule. Second, the claimant should be identified in the defamatory statement. The content must be clearly addressing a particular person or a very small group for it to be defamation. Third, there must be a publication of the defamatory statement in either oral or written form.
Some of the defenses to defamation are:
·A substantially true report was published.
·Individual may be protected from claims of defamation under tort or even criminal defamation by a privilege conferred on them by law
·When it is a fair comment.
2.Deceit– Are presentation which is false and dishonestly made and intended to be and is relied on and the claimant suffers damage as a result.
Deceit is a tort arising out of a false statement of fact made by one person/entity, knowingly or recklessly, with the intention that it should be acted upon by another person/entity, who suffers damage as a result.