Earth & Space Science
Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence from rock strata for how the geologic time scale is used to organize Earth’s 4.6-billion- year-old history. ESS1-4
Develop a model to describe the cycling of Earth’s materials and the flow of energy that drives this process. (rock cycle) ESS2-1
Construct an explanation based on evidence for how geoscience processes have changed Earth’s surface at varying time and spatial scales. ESS2-2
Analyze and interpret data on the distribution of fossils and rocks, continental shapes, and seafloor structures to provide evidence of the past plate motions. ESS2-3
Develop a model to describe the cycling of water through Earth’s systems driven by energy from the sun and the force of gravity. ESS2-4
Engineering
Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions. ETS1-1
Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. ETS1-2
Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success. ETS1-3
Develop a model to generate data for iterative testing and modification of a proposed object, tool, or process such that an optimal design can be achieved. ETS1-4