Physical Science

• Develop a model that predicts and describes changes in particle motion, temperature, and state of a pure substance when thermal energy is added or removed. PS1-4 

• Construct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects. PS2-4 

Earth & Space Science

• Develop and use a model of the Earth-sun-moon system to describe the cyclic patterns of lunar phases, eclipses of the sun and moon, and seasons. ESS1-1 

• Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system. ESS1-2 

• Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system. ESS1-3 

• Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence from rock strata for how the geologic time scale is used to organize Earth’s 4.6-billion-year-old history. ESS1-4 

• Construct an explanation based on evidence for how geoscience processes have changed Earth’s surface at varying time and spatial scales. ESS2-2 

• Analyze and interpret data on the distribution of fossils and rocks, continental shapes, and seafloor structures to provide evidence of the past plate motions. ESS2-3 

Engineering

• Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions. ETS1-1 

• Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. ETS1-2 

• Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success. ETS1-3 

• Develop a model to generate data for iterative testing and modification of a proposed object, tool, or process such that an optimal design can be achieved. ETS1-4