3. Error-handling

Error handling

• When use a function incorrectly, it will reflect an error
• Errors and exceptions
  • Exceptions – caught during execution
  • Catch exceptions with try-except clause

Error handling with try-except

def shout_echo(word1, echo=1): # Define shout_echo

"""Concatenate echo copies of word1 and three exclamation marks at the end of the string."""

# Initialize empty strings

echo_word = ''

shout_words = ''

# Add exception handling with try-except

try:

echo_word = word1 * echo

shout_words = echo_word + '!!!'

except:

print("word1 must be a string and echo must be an integer.")

return shout_words

shout_echo("particle", echo="accelerator")

Error handling by raising an error

def shout_echo(word1, echo=1): # Define shout_echo

"""Concatenate echo copies of word1 and three exclamation marks at the end of the string."""

# Raise an error with raise

if echo < 0:

raise ValueError('echo must be greater than or equal to 0')

echo_word = word1 * echo

shout_word = echo_word + '!!!'

return shout_word

shout_echo("particle", echo=5)