BEDS

Bed Time for BEDS: The Geological Failure of the “Briefly Exposed Diluvial Sediments” Flood Geology Scenario in Oard (2011)

Kevin R. Henke, Ph.D.

December 14, 2016

Introduction

As part of their efforts to defend their interpretations of the Bible, young-Earth creationists (YECs) rely on Flood geology, which states that all or almost all of the sedimentary rock record formed during a worldwide Noah’s Flood as described in Genesis 6-9 of the Bible. YECs generally describe the Flood as lasting approximately one-year and that it occurred about 4,500 years ago (e.g., Snelling 2009a, pp. 613, 862, 898). YECs further argue that with the exception of those on Noah’s ark, the dinosaurs became extinct in Noah’s Flood and not from the Chicxulub impact, volcanism or other causes about 66 million years ago (Oard 2011, p. 15).

Most YECs admit that dinosaur remains are too far in the middle of the sedimentary rock record to be pre-Flood or post-Flood. That is, Oard (2011, pp. 113-116) and most other YECs recognize that there are often large volumes of sedimentary rocks underneath dinosaur-bearing rocks (e.g., Paluxy River, Texas; Oard 2011, pp. 115-116) and that there is good evidence that large volumes of sediments and sedimentary rocks once covered a lot of dinosaur-bearing rocks that now crop out on the Earth’s surface. YECs find it difficult to accept the idea that thick layers of sedimentary rocks could form in a few thousand years without Noah’s Flood (e.g., Oard 2011, p. 113). Although the vast majority of YECs consider most or all sedimentary rocks to be Flood deposits, Oard (2011, pp. 113-114; 2016a, p. 8) goes further and claims that the dinosaur fossils are from the “early” Flood, or sometime from day 40 to perhaps as late as day 120 or 150 of the Flood. This would mean under this YEC scenario that the often thick Paleozoic sedimentary rocks that underlie the dinosaur-bearing Mesozoic rocks are “very early” rocks that formed during the first 40 days of the Flood.

The presence of bones, eggs, nests, tracks, and other dinosaur remains in the middle of the sedimentary rock record creates serious problems for YECs. YECs must explain how dinosaurs could have been walking around, laying eggs, feeding and engaging in other life activities in the middle of a worldwide Flood and why we have not been able to find any evidence of dinosaur remains in the often thick, underlying Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. For some of these features, such as dinosaur nests, YECs simply deny or belittle their existence and importance. For example, Oard (2011, pp. 99-100, 106, 107-108) believes that dinosaur nests and hatchling dinosaurs have been largely misinterpreted and he improperly demeans their presence and importance in the geologic record. However, dinosaur tracks, bones and eggs are too obvious to be dismissed as misinterpretations. In response to some of these challenges, Oard (2011) developed the Briefly Exposed Diluvial Sediments (BEDS) scenario.

Contradictions in the Violence of the Oard (2011) Version of the Flood

While the Flood in Genesis 6-9 only mentions heavy rains pouring out of “windows” in the sky and water gushing from the “fountains of the deep”, YECs commonly add a multitude of other apocalyptic disasters to the Flood in an attempt to prop up their time-compressed and distorted view of the geologic record. These disasters include: the rapid deposition of continent-wide Paleozoic sedimentary rocks that were often kilometers thick (e.g., http://creation.com/continent-wide-sedimentary-strata ; Walker 2014, pp. 176-178), widespread volcanic eruptions (e.g., Walker 2014, p. 184; Baumgardner 1994), accelerating radioactive decay rates that miraculously didn’t melt the Earth (e.g., Vardiman et al. 2005; Chaffin 2005, pp. 151-154) and other catastrophes generally tearing up the Earth with earthquakes, tsunamis, huge hurricanes (“hypercanes”), and meteorite/asteroid impacts, especially during the first few days of the Flood (e.g., Oard 2009e; http://creation.com/hypercanes ; Snelling 2009a, pp. 719-721; Oard 2011, p. 114). YECs are simply using their imaginations to rewrite Genesis to make it look more up-to-date, impressive, and relevant. Like other YECs, Oard (2011, p. 114) also advocates volcanism, asteroid impacts and tectonism during the Flood. However, at the same time, his BEDS scenario requires Oard (2011, pp. 114, 117, 137) to actually downplay the descriptions of the universal and hypercatastrophic violence of the Flood that are the norm in the YEC literature.

As the Earth is supposedly immersed in all of these catastrophes during Noah’s Flood, Oard (2011, pp. 114-115, 136-137) speculates that somehow there must have been local high grounds, floating vegetation mats or other temporary sanctuaries where large numbers of dinosaurs could safely hide out from the catastrophic onslaught until their appointed time to die; that is, a dinosaur death row. Oard (2011, p. 114) believes that it took months for the Flood waters to cover the entire Earth and that it was less violent than critics of Flood geology that actually read the YEC literature claim. He wants there to be areas of “relative quiescence” during the first 40 days and temporary calm areas (BEDS) at 40-150 days where the dinosaurs could hide out. Yet, how likely is the existence of any calm areas during a supposed universal downpour with its resulting flooding, rushing water, landslides and the widespread presence of volcanism, meteorite impacts, tsunamis and other disasters? By attempting to squeeze the diversity of the sedimentary rock record into one Flood year, Oard (2011, p. 114) has created a contradictory mess where the Flood would have to have been both violent and non-violent at the same time and at the same locations. Like anyone attempting to defend an irrational explanation from valid criticism, Oard (2011, p. 114) uses a smokescreen and throws out the old “your criticisms underestimate the complexity of the event” excuse to defend Flood geology. That is, YECs can simply reply to any argument against Flood geology as “it’s too complicated for you to understand, just believe the YEC interpretations of the Bible.” These complaints against criticism of Flood geology in Oard (2011, p. 114) render Flood geology unfalsifiable, untestable, and useless as a scientific claim. In another case, Oard (2011, p. 136) in one sentence reveals the oxymoronic nature of his proposed scenario when he states that the basics of the BEDS is “simple”, but the interactions of erosion, sedimentation, fleeing animals, tectonism associated with the Flood waters are “complex.” So, he’s basically trying to find a “simple” explanation for a “complex” scenario that in reality is blatantly contradictory and nonsensical.

By attempting to make the conditions of the Flood as diverse, flexible and vague as possible, Oard (2011, pp. 121-128, 135-137) tries to reconcile the dinosaur record with Noah’s Flood. Of course, the geologic record does not support Flood geology and the Bible makes no mention of calm areas, a post-Flood ice age, or any of the other ad hoc rationalizations invoked by Mr. Oard and his YEC allies to make Flood geology and other aspects of Flood geology more palatable. While scientists try to make their models fit the data, YECs, like Oard (2011), use their imaginations and attempt to make the data fit their dictatorial religious models. As shown in the essays at this website, the geologic record is utterly incompatible with Noah’s Flood and Oard (2011) is simply engaging in fallacies in a fruitless attempt to resurrect Flood geology from its 19th century grave.

“Briefly Exposed Diluvial Sediments” (BEDS) Explanation for Dinosaurs During Noah’s Flood

In chapter 8, Oard (2011) presents his BEDS “solution” for the YEC dinosaur dilemma. The BEDS scenario speculates that sections of the Earth’s crust were spared from immediate submersion during the early Flood or were temporarily reexposed above the Flood waters. These sections would have varied in size from small islands to large sections of the continents (e.g., Oard 2011, Figure 8.4, p. 115).

At the very start of the Flood, the BEDS scenario states that dinosaurs at lower elevations fled to higher ground as the waters of Noah’s Flood rose (Oard 2011, p. 124; Figure 1a, below). Other dinosaurs swam or found floating vegetation mats that were able to support their weight (Oard 2011, pp. 121, 136; Figure 1b). In many locations, thick layers of Paleozoic sediments and volcanic rocks occur underneath dinosaur remains. For example, Oard (2011, pp. 115-116) recognizes that the dinosaurs that lived at the Paluxy River area, Texas, once walked on 3,000 meters of supposed earlier Flood sediment. Somehow during the first 40 days of the Flood, there is no evidence that even one dinosaur, human or large mammal left a track or a bone as flooding, landslides, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, meteorite/asteroid impacts, hyper-hurricanes and other natural disasters supposedly raged and produced the Paleozoic record (Figure 1c).

Figure 1a: According to the BEDS scenario (Oard 2011, p. 124), dinosaurs and other animals at lower elevations fled to higher ground as the waters of Noah’s Flood rose.

Figure 1b. Other dinosaurs temporarily swam or hitched rides on vegetation mats as heavy rains occurred during the first 40 days of the Flood (Oard 2011, pp. 114, 121, 136). To add to the chaos, Oard (2009e; 2011, pp. 114, 117) argues for periodic meteorite and asteroid impacts, mostly in the first few days of the Flood. Nevertheless, at the same time, Oard (2011, p. 114) recognizes that “calm areas” were needed during the Flood to explain footprints, eggs, and other delicate features preserved in the geologic record.

Figure 1c. In many locations, thick layers of Paleozoic sediments and volcanic rocks occur underneath dinosaur remains. For example, Oard (2011, pp. 115-116) recognizes that the dinosaurs that lived at the Paluxy River area, Texas, once walked on 3,000 meters of supposed earlier Flood sediment. According to BEDS, Paleozoic sediments and volcanic materials accumulated at the very beginning of the Flood. Not one dinosaur bone, egg, or track has been found in Paleozoic rocks. Somehow, under the BEDS scenario, there is no evidence that any dinosaur, human or large mammal was even affected by all of this violent activity.

Although the idea of large mats of vegetation or “floating forests” before and during Noah’s Flood are popular with Oard (2011), Snelling (2009a, p. 962), Wise (2002, pp. 171-172), and many other YECs, YEC Clarey (2015a; 2015b) persuasively argues against the existence of numerous and large floating forests during Noah’s Flood. Clarey (2015a) argues that: 1) massive floating forests would not have been able to maintain suitably large enough freshwater lens to support plant life; 2) tsunamis and other early Flood catastrophes would have broken up the floating forests and the resulting coal beds would have been distributed throughout the Paleozoic record and not just limited to the Carboniferous and later deposits as observed in the actual record; and 3) the floating forest claim is inconsistent with the distribution of coals in the geologic record along the Atlantic coasts.

Even though Genesis 6-9 does not mention anything about cycles of rising and falling in the levels of the Flood waters, Oard (2011, pp. 114-116) argues that the levels must have fluctuated (otherwise his BEDS scenario would not work). According to BEDS, land would have been temporarily exposed above the Flood waters as the waters fell and/or land was tectonically uplifted or built up by accumulations of sediment and volcanic deposits. These temporarily exposed lands are the BEDS (Oard 2011, p. 116; Oard 2016a, p. 7). Shortly afterwards, the land would again submerge and any dinosaurs and other terrestrial animals on the land would have to swim, float away or drown.

Supposedly, exposed lands (BEDS) along shorelines gave dinosaurs temporary opportunities to come down from higher elevations to roam and eat (Oard 2016a, p. 7). Swimming or floating dinosaurs could also come ashore on BEDS of various sizes to rest, lay eggs, feed on vegetation, eat other dinosaurs, and perhaps mate or build nests if the exposure time was long enough (Figure 1d). After the BEDS submerged (Figure 1e), the dead dinosaurs and their eggs and tracks were buried by fresh Flood sediment or possibly washed out to sea. Remaining vegetation mats and other types of vegetation could be buried and supposedly turn into coal in brief amounts of time. Any surviving dinosaurs and other terrestrial vertebrates could float or swim onto the next BEDS, where they again could feed, walk around, and possibly mate.

Figure 1d. A decline in the water level of the Flood and/or sediment accumulation or tectonic uplift briefly form exposed diluvial sediments (BEDS). The exposed land (BEDS) would be temporary opportunities for swimming or floating dinosaurs to come ashore, rest, lay eggs, feed on vegetation, and perhaps mate or build nests if the exposure time was long enough. The washed ashore vegetation will soon be buried by the Flood and become coal.

Figure 1e. After hours to months, the BEDS either sink or are submerged by the Flood. The animals that failed to float or swim to the next BEDS drown. Their bodies may be buried by fresh Flood sediment and fossilized, or washed out to sea. The vegetation on the BEDS is buried and becomes coal.

Oard (2011) gives various time spans for how long the BEDS were exposed. Oard (2011, p. 115) lists the exposure times of BEDS as hours to days, but on pp. 119 and 121 he extends the time up to weeks. For BEDS exposed by tectonic uplift, Oard (2011, p. 116) gives exposure times of a few hours to a few weeks. Although some YECs believe that all air-breathing animals outside of the ark died within the first 40 days of the Flood (Oard 2011, Appendix 4; Genesis 7:17-23), Oard (2011, pp. 19, 57, 114, 120, 163-166) argues that some animals could have lived to day 150 (Genesis 7:24), which gives his BEDS scenario a little more desperately needed time. So, the last BEDS would have to submerge and kill the last air-breathing animal by day 150 and not 40. Oard (2011, p. 123) suggests that a few BEDS may have been exposed for up to five months (~150 days), which would allow the dinosaurs to relax, mate, lay eggs and pursuit some normal activities. However, under the fast-acting BEDS scenario, any surfaces above Flood level would tend to have been areas of sediment non-deposition and erosion. So, the presence of thick sedimentary rocks in many locations would limit BEDS exposure times and areas.

Oard (2011, pp. 126-127) also argues that the dinosaur water-boarding cycle of land emergence, repopulation by dinosaurs, reflooding, widespread death, and burial of remains can explain the presence of dinosaur eggs, tracks, bones, and other remains in multiple Mesozoic layers at many locations (Figures 1f-g). Finally, on or before 150 days into the Flood, the last of the dinosaurs drowns (Figure 1h).

Oard (2011) Underestimates and Ignores the Fatal Problems to BEDS

Like in his other writings (e.g., Oard 1997; Oard 2009a,b), Oard (2011) repeatedly cites small portions of the literature that he finds useful and ignores the vast amounts of the other detailed evidence that refute his YEC agenda, including very relevant statements in the very articles and books that he cites. Flood geology survives on arm-waving, groundless speculation, vague claims, misusing the literature, and ignoring crucial details. When the claims in Oard (2011) are applied to actual field sites, the ineffectiveness of BEDS and other aspects of Flood geology become very apparent. As discussed in greater detail in other essays at this website, the weaknesses and failures of BEDS include the following:

Figure 1f. A BEDS with buried dinosaur remains and vegetation from the last emergence above the Flood waters reemerges. A new group of dinosaurs comes ashore. Previously washed ashore and buried vegetation will soon become coal.

Figure 1g: Multiple cycles of falling and rising Flood waters and/or land uplift and subsequent sinking led to dinosaurs reoccupying BEDS followed by deaths and burial each time the land submergences. These repeated cycles supposedly result in multiple layers of dinosaur remains, including eggs and tracks (Oard 2011, pp. 126-127).

Figure 1h. Finally by Day 150, the last of the air-breathing animals not on the Ark drowns in the rising waters of Noah’s Flood.

    • Oard (2011, pp. 85, 87-88) admits that there are billions of preserved dinosaur tracks, which require at least millions of dinosaurs to produce them. Oard (2011, pp. 121, 136) believes that all of these dinosaurs and other animals could have survived on mats of floating vegetation, swam, or migrated through paths across unflooded regions. Oard (2011, p. 122) even claims that floating dinosaurs could have been transported from 30 degrees latitude to the polar regions in a few days from 100 km/hour (60 mph) Flood currents. The idea that millions or billions of dinosaurs dodged extensive catastrophes by running on land bridges, dog-paddling, floating, or swimming over distances of up to hundreds or even thousands of kilometers during a fully global catastrophe violates all credibility.

    • Probably based on their heavy body armor, Oard (2011, pp. 93, 122) argues Ankylosaurus, Stegosaurus, and ceratopsian dinosaurs would have been poor swimmers. Oard (2011) believes that these dinosaurs are rare in the geologic record because they could not swim through the Flood waters. However, the fossils of these dinosaurs are actually abundant enough in the geologic record to be fatal to the BEDS concept. So, why are the remains of Ankylosaurus, Stegosaurus, and ceratopsian dinosaurs solely found in the middle of the “Flood” record? How did all of these poor swimming dinosaurs survive the volcanic eruptions and deposition of thick Paleozoic sediments? Considering that floating forests are unlikely (Clarey 2015a,b), how did they all just happen to find vegetation mats that would support their weights? Why isn’t one fossil of these poor swimming dinosaurs found at the pre-Flood/Flood boundary, which most YECs locate in the Late Precambrian or Early Cambrian? While Oard (2011) emphasizes the relative rarity of dinosaur remains in Mesozoic rocks, why is he not more concerned with their total absence in Paleozoic rocks and its fatal ramifications to Flood geology?

    • BEDS fails to explain why not one dinosaur bone, egg or track has been found in the thick Paleozoic rocks that cover much of the continents. Oard (2011, pp. 115-116) cites the Paluxy River region in Texas and readily admits that the dinosaurs walked on about 3,000 meters of “earlier Flood” sediment. So, where were all of these dinosaurs hiding as the 3,000 meters of sediment accumulated in this area? Why is there no evidence that even one of them was killed earlier and entombed in the Paleozoic rocks underlying the Paluxy River region? Oard (2011) also fails to identify the exact locations where the dinosaurs of Wyoming (Morrison Formation), Mongolia (Djadokhta Formation) and other areas around the globe were located during the deposition of the thick Paleozoic sediments that are common on the continents. The BEDS scenario fails to deal with the details of paleogeography.

    • Stratigraphically separated dinosaur and large mammal remains are found all over the world, yet why are there no human or large mammal fossils with the dinosaurs? With millions and perhaps billions of dinosaurs once living across the globe, why is there no evidence of even one human, elephant or other large mammal dying with them in Noah’s Flood? Why didn’t any of the dinosaurs fleeing to higher ground in the BEDS scenario (Figure 1a) run into any humans, elephants, camels, tigers, lions, sloths, kangaroos and die with them? BEDS depends on the unrealistic existence of numerous BEDS for millions or more dinosaurs across the globe that were entirely separated from humans and other large mammals.

    • Desert, glacial and salt deposits are common in the geologic record and are totally incompatible with Flood geology. Halite (sodium chloride) and many other salt minerals are too water soluble to form during a one-year global Flood. Glaciers and deserts are not going to form during Noah’s Flood or multiple times in the same areas on a 6,000 to 10,000 year old YEC Earth. Efforts by Oard (2009a; 2009b; 2011) and other YECs to deny the existence of these deposits or to explain them away with Noah’s Flood have totally failed.

    • Contrary to Oard (2011), Klevberg and Bandy (2009) and Klevberg et al. (2009), multiple layers of paleosols (ancient soils) and plants with in-situ roots are common in the geologic record. These features cannot form or grow in the brief amount of time required by a year-long Flood, and the amount of time for some multiple paleosols to form easily exceeds the YEC 6,000 to 10,000 year time span for the age of the Earth (Retallack 2001, chapter 13; Birkeland 1999, p. 44; also see other essays at this website).

  • Oard (2011, Preface, pp. 19-20, 65, 73-76) admits that many dinosaur deposits show evidence of scavenging. Despite the efforts of Oard (2011), scavenging is often incompatible with the brief time spans of BEDS. Bader et al. (2009) provides evidence from just one site in the Morrison Formation of Wyoming that demonstrates that conditions at the Jurassic site were too dry for Noah’s Flood and that insect scavenging easily exceeded the absolute 150-day time limit for BEDS.

    • Despite efforts by Oard (2011, pp. 93, 99-100, 105-108, 124, 126, 129-130) to demean or cast doubts about the presence of dinosaur nests and very young dinosaurs in the geologic record, these features exist and they are fatal to BEDS (e.g., Fastovsky et al. 2011).

    • Genesis 6-9 describes the ark as preventing the extinction of every “kind” of air-breathing vertebrate. Yet, the dinosaurs and many other terrestrial vertebrates are now extinct. The Flood and post-Flood accounts endorsed by YECs demonstrate that efforts to save the dinosaurs and many other animals from mass extinctions were ultimately a failure. In other words, if we are to believe the YECs, Noah under God’s command wasted a lot of time and effort putting dinosaurs and many other animals on the ark. They would shortly become extinct anyway.

    • BEDS and other Flood geology scenarios have no basis in science and reality, and were simply concocted to defend YEC interpretations of Genesis. Whether than believe in the far-fetched BEDS and other Flood geology scenarios, Occam’s Razor dictates that it is far more probable that YEC interpretations of Genesis are erroneous legends. In contrast, actualism provides a coherent view of the geologic past supported by chemistry, radiometric dating, paleontology, sedimentology, stratigraphy, physics, and logic.

Conclusions

BEDS is a vain, unbelievably far-fetched, and contradictory attempt to calm down a global Flood just enough so that large numbers of dinosaurs are not killed right away and still make thick sedimentary rocks fit into one Flood year. By embracing BEDS, Oard (2011) has boxed himself into an agenda with countless contradictions.

Oard (2011, p. 137) believes that the answer to the problems of BEDS and other aspects of Flood geology is more field work. More field work is generally a good idea, but what happens if the field work not only continues to fail to support Flood geology, but actually continues to refute it? Will YECs finally have the courage to admit that the problem is with their interpretations of Genesis and not with what is found in the geologic record? Some will, but for Mr. Oard and most other dedicated YECs, no amount of information will help them to realize that their interpretations of Genesis are unrealistic. If they cannot makeup fantasies to force the data to fit into their interpretations of Genesis, they’ll simply ignore the observations as they previously have done (e.g., Oard 2009a,b; 2011). BEDS and other efforts by YECs have failed to resurrect Flood geology from its 19th century grave. Actualism is the only rational explanation for the geologic record.

References

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