SPEAKING EnquiryMore at: www.kostic.niu.edu/energy * Nature Laws & The 2nd Law
Summary of Professor Kostic’s Energy Activities at Northern Illinois University * Energy consumption could be halved: Investing in national priorities
YES! Thermodynamics, a science of energy, and the Mother of All Sciences will provide vision for the future energy solutions:
Conservation with Optimization and Storage (to increase efficiency), Cogeneration (to minimize irreversibility and increase efficiency), Insulation (to minimize losses), and Regeneration (to recover losses) - enabled by sophistication of NEW knowledge and technology.
Kostic's Encyclopedia articles: Energy: Global and Historical Background (Abstract)[Amazon][GoogleBooks]*Physics of Energy (Abstract)[Amazon]*Work, Power, and Energy[E-energy]*
World Energy and Future Plenary Lecture Energy Fundamentals and Future Outlook * SEE - Society Energy and Environment: * Zeroth-Religion.mkostic.com
The Grand Law of Nature: During any process mass-energy is exchanged and conserved, while entropy is irreversibly produced. The universe consists of local material (mass-energy) structures in forced dynamic-equilibrium and their interactions via forced fields. The forces are balanced at any time (including inertial - process rate forces) thus conserving momentum, while charges/mass and energy are transferred and conserved during forced displacement in space all the times, but energy is degraded (dissipated) as it is redistributed (transferred) from higher to lower non-equilibrium potential towards equilibrium (equi-partition of energy)-(by M. Kostic) ... Read More
The spontaneous forced tendency of mass-energy transfer is due to a difference or non-equilibrium in space of the mass-energy space-density or mass-energy-potential. As mass-energy is transferred from higher to lower potential, and thus conserved, the lower mass-energy potential is increased on the expense of the higher potential until the two equalize, i.e., until a lasting equilibrium is established. THAT explains a process tendency towards the common equilibrium and impossibility of otherwise (impossibility of spontaneous creation of non-equilibrium) ... Read More
DEFINITION of ENERGY: Energy is a fundamental property of a physical system and refers to its potential to maintain a system identity or structure (forced mass-energy field in space) and to influence changes (via forced-displacement interactions) with other systems by imparting work (forced directional displacement) or heat (forced chaotic displacement/motion of a system molecular or related structures). Energy exists in many forms: electromagnetic (including light), electrical, magnetic, nuclear, chemical, thermal, and mechanical (including kinetic, elastic, gravitational, and sound) ... Energy is the ‘‘building block’’ and fundamental property of matter and space and, thus, the fundamental property of existence. Energy exchanges or transfers are associated with all processes (or changes) and, thus, are indivisible from time. If all energy is literally expelled from a confined space, then nothing, empty space will be left. As long as any matter is left it will contain the energy - even at zero absolute temperature the electrons will be orbiting around very energetic nucleus. Matter is and must be energetic, E=mc^2, thus literally, "energy is everything," no energy, nothing in the space. The mass and energy are manifestation of each other and are equivalent; they have a holistic meaning of mass-energy. (see also Definition of Entropy and The 2nd Law). Definitions ►Grand Law►Energy►2nd Law►Entropy*Engineering Challenges (2010 Events)
* More at: Kostic' energy Also: Sadi Carnot’s Ingenious Reasoning of Ideal Heat-Engine Reversible Cycles