Greek philosophers Biographies - Atomist school Part 1
2015-12-20 : the website is under construction. THE PROVERBS ARE O.K., but It will take me a few hours to re-insert the images of the greek philosophers, which for some reason were lost, after my last revision, which i have done a few days ago. so until i remove the sign 'website - under - construction' ... you can study the proverbs with safety !. Please stay on Alert !.
Notes: 1. Diogenes of Sinope ... and ... Sinope ... is the same Greek Philosopher
2. Heraclitus of Ephesus ,,, and ... Ephesus is the same Greek Philosopher
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I wanted to get the most broad foundation for a lifelong education that I could find, and that was studying Latin and the classics. Meaning Roman and Greek history and philosophy and ancient civilizations.
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Greek Philosophers Biographies - Atomist school Part 1 in English
The Greek philosophers were among the most influential people in history because they invented both philosophy and science. By asking questions about themselves and the world around them, these philosophers helped create modern civilization.
Interestingly enough, the Greek philosophers thought of themselves as scientists rather than thinkers. They called themselves seekers and lovers of wisdom and often studied a wide variety of subjects, including history, physics, law, sociology, politics, mathematics, and biology. The famous philosophers were also teachers, educating wealthy children and operating schools as well as thinkers.
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Author Birth - Death
04 PRE-SOCRATIC - ATOMISTS - Democritus of Abdera 460 BC - 370 BC
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04 PRE-SOCRATIC - ATOMISTS - Democritus of Abdera
Δημόκριτος ο Αβδηρίτης
Nothing exists except atoms and empty space; everything else is opinion.
Democritus was one of the first advocates of democracy, equality, and liberty. He was also the first person to advance the hypothesis that all matter is composed of small invisible particles called atoms, anticipating the discoveries of modern physics. Democritus was one of the first known critics and a proponent of the just theory—the idea that people should take up arms to defend themselves from tyrants. Democritus was also one of the first scientists who wrote books on a wide variety of topics, including animals and plants. Democritus was one of the first people to advance the idea that there are worlds besides the Earth.
Rembrandt, The Young Rembrandt as Democritus the Laughing Philosopher (1628-29)
Democritus meditating on the seat of the soul by Léon-Alexandre Delhomme (1868).
Democritus by Luca Giordano (c. 1600).
Crying Heraclitus and laughing Democritus, from a 1477 Italian fresco, Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan.
Democritus - Painting By Diego Velazquez (1640)
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Life and Work
The Atomists is the last Presocratic school of thought. The most important figure is Democritus (c. 460-370 BC), the philosopher who actually developed the atomic theory. He was a pupil of Leucippus (fl. 450-420 BC) who probably initiated the theory. Both Leucippus and Democritus flourished in the city of Abdera. Democritus visited Athens, but he was disappointed for not finding support in his theories. Another important figure is Metrodorus of Chios.
The Atomic Theory
The Atomic Theory is based on the following principles:
(1) Matter consists of separate, partless, solid, eternal, immutable, invisible and intangible unit-particles which are physically and theoretically indivisible atoms (the ‘uncuttable’);
(2) Atoms differ in shape (A from B), position (Z from N) and order (AN from NA) but not in quality;
(3) Empty space or void is necessary for their movement;
(4) Perceptible change and plurality are the result of the transfer of momentum by the moving atoms and such transfer occurs only by contact and not by distinct action.
Atoms and Void
The theory of indivisible atoms should be regarded as a direct reply to Eleatic monism and in particular to Zeno’s argument of infinite divisibility. Contra the Eleatic absolute denial of non-being, the Atomists state that non-being exists as emptiness: ‘what-is’ (to den) is the plenum of atoms, while ‘what-is-not’ (to meden) is the emptiness of void (kenon). Emptiness can explain natural phenomena and physical plurality; what-is-not is in existence spatially as the fundamental prerequisite of physical motion.
Motion and Necessity
Physical motion is the result of reason (logos) and necessity (anagke) and not of divine justice or moral law (dyke). Generation is an arbitrary motion from one state of atomic conglomeration to another through void. A structure of infinite uncuttable and invisible atoms lies behind the world of everyday experience, and consequently perceptible qualities are merely by convention. Reality consists only of atoms and void.
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for more information, please visit the Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia in the following web page
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democritus
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