2009
После выхода специального выпуска журнала "MIT TECHNOLOGY REVIEW - MARCH/APRIL 2009 - SPECIAL ISSUE - 10 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2009" каждая статья стала платной ($6.50) и поэтому здесь я могу поместить только ссылки, а всю информацию, которую я взял в течение недели (~03/01/2009) переношу в закрытый пока сайт KrasUniRus до получения разрешения на публикацию русского перевода.
Кстати, по ссылке http://www.technologyreview.com/special/emerging/ Вы переходите на новые технологии 2007 года даже сейчас - в конце 2009. Вот что значит - эта информация ОЧЕНЬ дорогая. Поэтому моя страница 2001-2008 суть 1-я публикации будущего обзора для МОЛПИТ.
Special Reports 10 Emerging Technologies 2009 MARCH/APRIL 2009
http://www.technologyreview.com/read_article.aspx?ch=specialsections&sc=tr10&id=22117
TR10: 01. Intelligent Software Assistant
Adam Cheyer is leading the design of powerful software that acts as a personal aide.
By Erica Naone
Search is the gateway to the Internet for most people; for many of us, it has become second nature to distill a task into a set of keywords that will lead to the required tools and information. But Adam Cheyer, cofounder of Silicon Valley startup Siri, envisions a new way for people to interact with the services available on the Internet: a "do engine" rather than a search engine. Siri is working on virtual personal-assistant software, which would help users complete tasks rather than just collect information.
TR10: 02. $100 Genome
Han Cao's nanofluidic chip could cut DNA sequencing costs dramatically.
By Lauren Gravitz
In the corner of the small lab is a locked door with a colorful sign taped to the front: "$100 Genome Room--Authorized Persons Only." BioNanomatrix, the startup that runs the lab, is pursuing what many believe to be the key to personalized medicine: sequencing technology so fast and cheap that an entire human genome can be read in eight hours for $100 or less. With the aid of such a powerful tool, medical treatment could be tailored to a patient's distinct genetic profile.
TR10: 03. Racetrack Memory
Stuart Parkin is using nanowires to create an ultradense memory chip.
By Kate Greene
When IBM sold its hard-drive business to Hitachi in April 2002, IBM fellow Stuart Parkin wondered what to do next. He had spent his career studying the fundamental physics of magnetic materials, making a series of discoveries that gave hard-disk drives thousands of times more storage capacity. So Parkin set out to develop an entirely new way to store information: a memory chip with the huge storage capacity of a magnetic hard drive, the durability of electronic flash memory, and speed superior to both. He dubbed the new technology "racetrack memory."
TR10: 04. Biological Machines
Michel Maharbiz's novel interfaces between machines and living systems could give rise to a new generation of cyborg devices.
By Emily Singer
A giant flower beetle flies about, veering up and down, left and right. But the insect isn't a pest, and it isn't steering its own path. An implanted receiver, microcontroller, microbattery, and six carefully placed electrodes--a payload smaller than a dime and weighing less than a stick of gum--allow an engineer to control the bug wirelessly. By remotely delivering jolts of electricity to its brain and wing muscles, the engineer can make the cyborg beetle take off, turn, or stop midflight.
TR10: 05. Paper Diagnostics
George Whitesides has created a cheap, easy-to-use diagnostic test out of paper.
Diagnostic tools that are cheap to make, simple to use, and rugged enough for rural areas could save thousands of lives in poor parts of the world. To make such devices, Harvard University professor George Whitesides is coupling advanced microfluidics with one of humankind's oldest technologies: paper. The result is a versatile, disposable test that can check a tiny amount of urine or blood for evidence of infectious diseases or chronic conditions.
http://www.technologyreview.com/read_article.aspx?ch=specialsections&sc=tr10&id=22116
TR10: 06. Liquid Battery
Donald Sadoway conceived of a novel battery that could allow cities to run on solar power at night.
By Kevin Bullis
Without a good way to store electricity on a large scale, solar power is useless at night. One promising storage option is a new kind of battery made with all-liquid active materials. Prototypes suggest that these liquid batteries will cost less than a third as much as today's best batteries and could last significantly longer.
TR10: 07. Traveling-Wave Reactor
A new reactor design could make nuclear power safer and cheaper, says John Gilleland.
By Matt Wald
Enriching the uranium for reactor fuel and opening the reactor periodically to refuel it are among the most cumbersome and expensive steps in running a nuclear plant. And after spent fuel is removed from the reactor, reprocessing it to recover usable materials has the same drawbacks, plus two more: the risks of nuclear-weapons proliferation and environmental pollution.
TR10: 08. Nanopiezoelectronics
Zhong Lin Wang thinks piezoelectric nanowires could power implantable medical devices and serve as tiny sensors.
Nanoscale sensors are exquisitely sensitive, very frugal with power, and, of course, tiny. They could be useful in detecting molecular signs of disease in the blood, minute amounts of poisonous gases in the air, and trace contaminants in food. But the batteries and integrated circuits necessary to drive these devices make them difficult to fully miniaturize. The goal of Zhong Lin Wang, a materials scientist at Georgia Tech, is to bring power to the nano world with minuscule generators that take advantage of piezoelectricity. If he succeeds, biological and chemical nano sensors will be able to power themselves.
TR10: 09. HashCache
Vivek Pai's new method for storing Web content could make Internet access more affordable around the world.
By David Talbot
Throughout the developing world, scarce Internet access is a more conspicuous and stubborn aspect of the digital divide than a dearth of computers. "In most places, networking is more expensive--not only in relative terms but even in absolute terms--than it is in United States," says Vivek Pai, a computer scientist at Princeton University. Often, even universities in poor countries can afford only low-bandwidth connections; individual users receive the equivalent of a fraction of a dial-up connection. To boost the utility of these connections, Pai and his group created HashCache, a highly efficient method of caching--that is, storing frequently accessed Web content on a local hard drive instead of using precious bandwidth to retrieve the same information repeatedly.
TR10: 10. Software-Defined Networking
Nick McKeown believes that remotely controlling network hardware with software can bring the Internet up to speed.
By Kate Greene
For years, computer scientists have dreamed up ways to improve networks' speed, reliability, energy efficiency, and security. But their schemes have generally remained lab projects, because it's been impossible to test them on a large enough scale to see if they'd work: the routers and switches at the core of the Internet are locked down, their software the intellectual property of companies such as Cisco and Hewlett-Packard.
Каждая ссылка из всех десяти выше сопрвождалась следующими предложением подписаться на журнал
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