Qin1

秦

QIN

(Zhou Feudatories)

 

Nǚ-Xiū, descendant of Gaoyang, the Second Emperor of China. She swallowed a blackbird’s egg and gave birth to a son.

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Dàyè

He married Nǚ-Huà, daughter of Shàodiǎn

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Yíng Dàfèi, also called Bǎiyì

He helped Yu, Fourth Emperor of China to control the floodwaters and therefore was greatly rewarded. He married a member of the Yáo clan.

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Yíng Dàlián, also called Niǎosú

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Three Generations.

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Yíng Zhōngyǎn

Who had the body of a bird but could speak like a human. He was chariot driver for an Emperor of Shang.

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Three Generations

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Yíng Zhōngjué

Who lived with the nomads and guarded the western borders.

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Yíng Fěilián

A fast runner, who served the final Emperor of Shang.

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Yíng Ěláigé

He served the final Emperor of Shang, building a fortification wall in the north. He returned to find the Shang overthrown and himself without a lord to report to, so he ascended Great Mount Huo and reported to the Heavens themselves. He was probably killed by the Zhou.

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Yíng Nufang

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Yíng Panggao

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Yíng Taichi

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Yíng Zhào Tailo

He married the daughter of the Marquis of Shen.

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Qín Fēi Zǐ-hóu Yíng Zhào, First Marquis of Qin

He bred horses for the Eighth Emperor of Zhou and was made Marquis of Qin for his efforts. He had issue:

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Qín Bǎi-hóu Yíng Zhào Gōng , Second Marquis of Qin.

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Qín Zhòng-hóu Qín Yíng Zhào, Third Marquis of Qin

He fought for the Eleventh Emperor of Zhou against the nomads and was killed by them in 822.

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Qín Zhuāng-gōng Yíng Zhào, First Duke of Qin (see below)

 

DUKES OF QIN

821 – 778 Qín Zhuāng-gōng Yíng Zhào, First Duke of Qin. He was a general for the Eleventh Emperor of Zhou and led an expedition against the nomads in 778 but was killed. He had issue:

778 – 766 Qín Xiāng-gōng Yíng Zhào, Second Duke of Qin. It was during his time that the Marquis of Shen successfully revolted against the Twelfth Emperor of Zhou, ushering in the feeble Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Xiāng-gōng exerted himself on behalf of the Thirteenth Zhou Emperor, assisting him in shifting the capital east to Luoyang.  He was granted the rights to the lands to the west, if he could drive the nomads out. He died in 766 at Mount Qí, during an expedition against the nomads. He had issue:

·         1) Qín Wén-gōng Yíng Zhào, Third Duke of Qin (see below)

766 – 716 Qín Wén-gōng Yíng Zhào, Third Duke of Qin. He built the City of Qin, his capital, and the Altar at Fū. He finally defeated the nomads in 750, taking their land and expanding his domain. He was a strict ruler, who would execute a criminal’s family for his crimes. He died in 716, but had issue:

·         1) Yíng Zhào Jìng-gōng. He died in 718, before his father, but was posthumously made a Duke. He had issue:

o   a) Qín Jìng-gōng Yíng Zhào, Fourth Duke of Qin (see below).

716 – 704 Qín Jìng-gōng Yíng Zhào, Fourth Duke of Qin. Born in 726, he reached the throne after the death of his grandfather. He moved the capital of Qin to Píngyáng, and conquered the Bó and the territories of Dàng. He married (second) Lǔ Jī-zǐ (魯 姬-子) from the State of Lu. He died in 704 and was buried at xī shān. He had issue:

704 – 698 Yíng Zhào Chū-zǐ (嬴 趙 出-子), Fifth Duke of Qin. Born in 709, he was made Duke of Qin in 704 despite being a minor and instead of his older brother, the heir, by Dàshùcháng Fújì (Head of the Qin Army) and the three highest ranking officials. In 698 they turned against him and had him assassinated.

698 – 678 Qín Wǔ-gōng Yíng Zhào (秦 武-公嬴 趙), Sixth Duke of Qin. He had the officials responsible for his younger brother’s assassination executed and lead successful expeditions against the nomads of the Bāngxì clan, and the nomads at Dù and Zhèng. He also destroyed the (Chinese) State of Lesser Guó. He died in 678. Sixty-six of his attendants were buried alive with him at Píngyáng. He had issue:

678 – 676 Qín Dé-gōng Yíng Zhào (秦 德-公 嬴 趙), Seventh Duke of Qin. Born in 711, he succeeded his brother in 678, making his capital at Yōngchéng. He received a prophecy that Qin would one day expand east to the Yellow River (ie. Into China rather than westwards into nomad territory) and established the Fu Festival. He died in 676, but had issue:

676 – 664 Qín Xuān-gōng Yíng Zhào (秦 德-公 嬴 趙), Eighth Duke of Qin. He built the Altar of Mì, and defeated the powerful State of Jìn in the Battle of Héyáng. He died in 664, but had issue:

664 – 660 Qín Chéng-gōng Yíng Zhào (秦 成-公 嬴 趙), Ninth Duke of Qin. He succeeded his brother as Duke, but ruled for only a few years before he died in 660. He had issue:

660 – 621 Qín Mù-gōng Yíng Zhào Rènhǎo (秦 穆-公 嬴 趙 任好), Tenth Duke of Qin & Hegemon of the Western Róng. He personally led an attack on the nomadic Máojīn and on the State of Jin, culminating in a battle at Héqǔ. When there was famine in Jin, Mù-gōng sent grain, but in 646, when there was famine in Qin, Jin took it as an opportunity to attack Qin, Mù-gōng was nearly defeated in battle but was saved by people to whom he had early shown clemency and was victorious. Thereafter Jin was basically a vassal of Qin. He destroyed the States of Liáng and Ruì. In 635, he restored the Nineteenth Emperor of Zhou to the throne after he had been overthrown by his brother. He fought Jin again in 627, 626 and 624. In 623, he defeated the King of the Western Róng nomads, and was acclaimed their new Hegemon. Despite his great power and influence he was never Hegemon of China. He married a lady of Jìn, daughter of Jìn Xiàn-gōng (晉 獻-公). He died in 621, and was buried with 177 retainers. He had issue, forty sons, including:

621 – 609 Qín Kāng-gōng Yíng Zhào Yīng (秦 康-公 嬴 趙 罃), Eleventh Duke of Qin. His reign was occupied with a back-and-forth war against the State of Jin (620-616), which ended in stalemate: Qin had achieved their objectives after a victory at the Second Battle of Héyáng, but Jin also achieved its objectives through espionage. He died in 609, but had issue:

609 – 604 Qín Gòng-gōng Yíng Zhào (秦 共-公 嬴 趙), Twelfth Duke of Qin. He died in 604, but had issue:

604 – 577 Qín Huán-gōng Yíng Zhào (秦 桓-公 嬴 趙), Thirteenth Duke of Qin. He was defeated by the State of Jin in 601 and 578. He married the older sister of Hòu-zǐ Zhēn. He died in 577, but had issue:

577 – 537 Qín Jǐng-gōng Yíng Zhào (秦 景-公 嬴 趙), Fourteenth Duke of Qin. He defended the State of Zhèng from Jin in 562. In retribution, Jin attacked and routed the forces of Qin in 559. He died in 537, but had issue:

·         1) Qín Āi-gōng Yíng Zhào (秦 哀-公 嬴 趙), Fifteenth Duke of Qin (see below).