han5
漢
THE BRIGHT EMPEROR JING (PART ONE)
156 – 141 Hàn Xiào Jǐng-huángdì Liú Qǐ (漢 孝 景皇帝 劉 啟), Sixth Emperor of Han, the Bright Emperor. Born in 188, he was made Heir in 179 and succeeded as Emperor in 156. He had poor relationships with many of his feudal sub-kings; he had killed the son of the King of Wu and his cousins; the many successors of the King of Qi, had long felt that they deserved the Imperial throne; the other Kings were rather distant relatives. He and his Chancellor worked haphazardly to weaken and abolish these kingdoms and bring the entire Empire under direct central control. This led to a massive revolt in 154, known as the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, in which half of China rose up in revolt. Panicing, Jing executed his Chancellor, but when that failed to mollify the rebel kings he put the revolt down by force. Over one hundred thousand rebels were killed. In the aftermath several kingdoms were abolished. After that, the troubles were largely over, he faced several invasions by the Xiongnu, but the rest of his reign was mostly concerned with peaceful reorganisation. Many Marquisates were handed out to members of his family, formerly these had been granted only for meritorious behaviour, but now they began to be granted to children of kings as a matter of course. He died in 141 and was buried in Yangling tumulus.
He married (first) Bo-huánghòu (薄皇后), a relative of his paternal grandmother, but she was childless and, after the grandmother’s death, had no allies at court, so she was dismissed in 155; she probably died in 151.
He took as a concubine (first) Lì-jī (栗姬), she bore the Emperor’s first child, who became Imperial heir, but her and her son were removed as a result of the intrigues of the Emperor's sister, Chén-zhánggōngzhǔ.
He married (second) Jiāodōng-Tàihòu Wáng Zhì (膠東太后 王 娡).
He took as a concubine (second) Wáng-fūrén Érxǔ (王夫人 兒姁).
He took as a concubine (third) Chéng-jī (程姬).
He had to take as a concubine (fourth) Táng-jī (唐姬), attendant to his concubine Chéng-jī, after he drunkly mistook her for Cheng and impregnated her.
He took as a concubine (fifth) Jia-fūrén (賈夫人).
[His descendants are so numerous that I have split them over two pages - sons one to eight are on this page and the remaining children are on the next]
1) Línjiāng Mǐn-wáng Liú Róng (臨江 愍王 劉 榮), King of Línjiāng (son of Lì). He was made Heir in 153 but demoted to King of Línjiāng in 151 as a result of the machinations of the palace women. He was summoned to the Capital and appointed Capital Commandant in 148, but committed suicide shortly thereafter.
2) Héjiān Xiàn-wáng Liú Dé (河間 獻王 劉 德), King of Héjiān (son of Lì) from 155. He was a passionate patron of scholarship, especially on songs, music and dances, lavishing resources on scholars and books and collecting a library comparable to that of the Emperor. He died in 130 or 129, but had issue:
a) Héjiān Gòng-wáng Liú Bùhài (河間 共王 劉 不害), King of Héjiān. He became king in 129 and died in 125. He had issue:
i) Héjiān Gāng-wáng Liú Jī (河間 剛王 劉 基), King of Héjiān. He became king in 125 and died in 113. He had issue:
(1) Héjiān Qǐng-wáng Liú Huǎn [Shou] (河間 頃王 劉 緩), King of Héjiān. He became king in 113 and died in 97. He had issue:
(a) Héjiān Xiào-wáng Liú Qìng (河間 孝王 劉 慶), King of Héjiān. He became king in 97 and died in 54. He had issue:
(i) Héjiān-wáng Liú Yuán (河間王 劉 元), King of Héjiān from 54. He lost part of his kingdom almost immediately, when it was discovered that he had stolen concubines from the kings of Guangling and Zhongshan and driven seven people to suicide. Later he killed the mother of an official and was charged with murder, deposed, exiled to Fangling and his kingdom abolished. He was brought to court on a later date for having royal pretensions, but died before the case reached court. He had issue:
(ii) Héjiān Huì-wáng Liú Liáng (河間 惠王 劉 良), King of Héjiān. He was Director of the Arsenal for Shang Commandery until 32, when he was made King of the restored kingdom of Héjiān. In 7 BC his kingdom was expanded as a reward for his reverence for his ancestors and maintenance of the mourning rites. He died in 5 BC. He had issue:
1. Héjiān-gōng Liú Shàng (河間公 劉 尚), Duke of Héjiān. He was King of Héjiān from 7 BC until AD 5, when Wang Mang, who was in the process of seizing power from the Han Dynasty, demoted him to the rank of Duke.
2. Nánchāng-hóu Liú Yǔ (南昌侯 劉 宇), Marquis of Nánchāng from 5 BC until he was demoted to commoner in AD 9 by the usurper Wang Mang.
(iii) Dòuliáng Huái-hóu Liú Qiang (竇梁 懷侯 劉 強), Marquis of Dòuliáng from 31 until his death in 27.
(iv) Dūān Jié-hóu Liú Pǔ (都安 節侯 劉 普), Marquis of Dūān from 8 BC until his death. He had issue:
1. Dūān-hóu Liú Xū (都安侯 劉 胥), Marquis of Dūān. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
(v) Lèpíng-hóu Liú Yǒng (樂平侯 劉 永), Marquis of Lèpíng from 8 BC until he was demoted to commoner in AD 9 by the usurper Wang Mang.
(vi) Guǎngchāng-hóu Liú Hè (廣昌侯 劉 賀), Marquis of Guǎngchāng. He was Marquis from 1 BC until he was demoted to commoner in AD 9 by the usurper Wang Mang.
(vii) Yíhé Jié-hóu Liú Dé (宜禾 節侯 劉 得), Marquis of Yíhé. He was Marquis from 1 BC until his death.
1. Yíhé-hóu Liú Huī (宜禾侯 劉 恢), Marquis of Yíhé.
(viii) Fùchūn-hóu Liú Xuán (富春侯 劉 玄), Marquis of Fùchūn from 1 BC until he was demoted to commoner in AD 9 by the usurper Wang Mang.
b) Zī-hóu Liú Míng (茲侯 劉 明), Marquis of Zī. He was made a Marquis in 130 and was executed in 126 for plotting to revolt.
c) Pángguāng-hóu Liú Yīn (旁光侯 劉 殷), Marquis of Pángguāng from 126 until he was demoted to commoner in 116 for usury.
d) Jùyáng Xiàn-hóu Liú Gài (距陽 憲侯 劉 匄), Marquis of Jùyáng. He was made a Marquis in 126 and died in 112. He had issue:
i) Jùyáng-hóu Liú Qī (距陽侯劉淒), Marquis of Jùyáng. He became Marquis in 112, but was demoted to commoner the same year for tax evasion (Presumably committed by his father).
e) Lǚ Jié-hóu Liú Miǎo (蔞 節侯 劉 邈), Marquis of Lǚ from 126 until his death in 110. He had issue:
i) Lǚ Lí-hóu Liú Yīng (蔞 釐侯 劉 嬰), Marquis of Lǚ from 110 until his death in 88. He had issue:
(1) Lǚ Yuán-hóu Liú Yìshòu (蔞 原侯 劉 益壽), Marquis of Lǚ from 88 until his death in 57. He had issue:
(a) Lǚ Ān-hóu Liú Chōngshì (蔞 安侯 劉 充世). Marquis of Lǚ from 57 until his death in 54. He had issue:
(i) Lǚ-hóu Liú Yí (蔞侯 劉 遺), Marquis of Lǚ from 54 until his death in 29, without issue.
f) Āwǔ Dàihóu Liú Yù (阿武 戴侯 劉 豫), Marquis of Āwǔ from 126 until his death in 102. He had issue:
i) Āwǔ Jìnghóu Liú Xuān (阿武 敬侯 劉 宣), Marquis of Āwǔ from 102 until his death in 84. He had issue:
(1) Āwǔ Jiéhóu Liú Xìn (阿武 節侯 劉 信), Marquis of Āwǔ from 84 until his death in 61. He had issue:
(a) Āwǔ Líhóu Liú Yīngqí (阿武 釐侯 劉 嬰齊), Marquis of Āwǔ from 61 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Āwǔ Qǐnghóu Liú Huáng (阿武 頃侯 劉 黃), Marquis of Āwǔ. He had issue:
1. Āwǔ-hóu Liú Chángjiǔ (阿武侯 劉 長久), Marquis of Āwǔ. He was demoted to commoner by the usurper, Wang Mang.
g) Cēnhù Jié-hóu Liú Miǎn (參戶 節侯 劉 免), Marquis of Cēnhù from 126 until his death in 80. He had issue:
i) Cēnhù Jìng-hóu Liú Yán (參戶 敬侯 劉 嚴), Marquis of Cēnhù from 80 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Cēnhù Qǐng-hóu Liú Yuán (參戶 頃侯 劉 元), Marquis of Cēnhù. He had issue:
(a) Cēnhù Xiào-hóu Liú Lìqīn (參戶 孝侯 劉 利親), Marquis of Cēnhù. He had issue:
(i) Cēnhù-hóu Liú Dù (參戶侯 劉 度), Marquis of Cēnhù.
h) Zhōuxiāng Jié-hóu Liú Jin (州鄉 節侯 劉 禁), Marquis of Zhōuxiāng from 126 until his death in 115. He had issue:
i) Zhōuxiāng Sī-hóu Liú Qí (州鄉 思侯 劉 齊), Marquis of Zhōuxiāng from 115 until his death in 105. He had issue:
(1) Zhōuxiāng Xiàn-hóu Liú Huì (州鄉 憲侯 劉 惠), Marquis of Zhōuxiāng from 105 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Zhōuxiāng Lí-hóu Liú Shāng (州鄉 釐侯 劉 商), Marquis of Zhōuxiāng. He had issue:
(i) Zhōuxiāng Gōng-hóu Liú Bó (州鄉 恭侯 劉 伯), Marquis of Zhōuxiāng. He had issue:
1. Zhōuxiāng-hóu Liú Yǔ (州鄉侯 劉 禹), Marquis of Zhōuxiāng. He was demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang.
i) Píngchéng-hóu Liú Lǐ (平城侯 劉 禮), Marquis of Píngchéng from 126 until he was demoted to commoner and sentenced to hard labour in 120.
j) Guǎng-hóu Liú Shùn (廣侯劉 順), Marquis of Guǎng from 126 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
k) Gaixū-hóu Liú Ràng (蓋胥侯 劉 讓), Marquis of Gaixū from 126 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
l) Zhòng-hóu Liú Dān (重侯 劉 擔), Marquis of Zhòng from 126 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
m) Shěnyáng-hóu Liú Zìwéi (沈陽侯 劉 自為), Marquis of Shěnyáng.
n) Jǐngchéng Yuán-hóu Liú Yōng (景成 原侯 劉雍), Marquis of Jǐngchéng from 68 until his death in 62. He had issue:
i) Jǐngchéng Qǐng-hóu Liú Ōu (景成 頃侯 劉 歐), Marquis of Jǐngchéng from 62 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Jǐngchéng Lí-hóu Liú Yǔ (景成 釐侯 劉 禹), Marquis of Jǐngchéng. He had issue:
(a) Jǐngchéng Jié-hóu Liú Fú (景成 節侯 劉 福), Marquis of Jǐngchéng. He had issue:
o) Píngtī Yán-hóu Liú Zhāo (平隄 嚴侯 劉 招), Marquis of Píngtī from 68 until his death in 67. He had issue:
i) Píngtī Mù-hóu Liú Róng (平隄 繆侯 劉 榮), Marquis of Píngtī from 67 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Píngtī Jié-hóu Liú Zēngshì (平隄 節侯 劉 曾世), Marquis of Píngtī. He had issue:
(a) Píngtī Lí-hóu Liú Yù (平隄 釐侯 劉 育), Marquis of Píngtī. He had issue:
(i) Píngtī Jùlù-hóu Liú Nǎishǐ (平隄 鉅鹿侯 劉 迺始), Marquis of Píngtī.
p) Lèxiāng Xiàn-hóu Liú Tóng (樂鄉 憲侯 劉 佟), Marquis of Lèxiāng from 68 until his death in 59. He had issue:
i) Lèxiāng Jié-hóu Liú Kuǎi (樂鄉 節侯 劉 蒯), Marquis of Lèxiāng from 59 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Lèxiāng Qǐng-hóu Liú Dèng (樂鄉 頃侯 劉 鄧), Marquis of Lèxiāng. He had issue:
(a) Lèxiāng Lí-hóu Liú Shèng (樂鄉 釐侯 劉 勝), Marquis of Lèxiāng. He had issue:
(i) Lèxiāng Jùlù-hóu Liú Dìxù (樂鄉 鉅鹿侯 劉地緒), Marquis of Lèxiāng.
q) Gāoguō Jié-hóu Liú Ài (高郭 節侯 劉 𣋞), Marquis of Gāoguō from 68 until his death. He had issue:
i) Gāoguō Xiào-hóu Liú Jiǔcháng (高郭 孝侯 劉 久長), Marquis of Gāoguō. He had issue:
(1) Gāoguō Qǐng-hóu Liú Fēi (高郭 頃侯 劉 菲), Marquis of Gāoguō. He had issue:
(a) Gāoguō Gòng-hóu Liú Chèn (高郭 共侯 劉 稱), Marquis of Gāoguō. He had issue:
(i) Gāoguō Āi-hóu Liú Bà (高郭 哀侯 劉 霸), Marquis of Gāoguō. He died childless and his Marquisate was abolished.
(ii) Gāoguō-hóu Liú Yìzhòng (高郭侯 劉 異眾), Marquis of Gāoguō. The Marquisate was restored for him in 12 BC. He had issue:
1. Gāoguō-hóu Liú Fā (高郭侯 劉 發), Marquis of Gāoguō.
r) Yángxīng-hóu Liú Chāng (陽興侯 劉 昌), Marquis of Yángxīng from 57 until 31 when he was executed for conspiracy to murder and failing to pay the required visits the Capital.
3) Línjiāng-wáng Liú È (臨江王 劉 閼), King of Línjiāng (son of Lì). He was made king in 155 and died in 152.
4) Lǔ Gòng-wáng Liú Yú (魯共王 劉 餘), King of Lǔ (son of Cheng). He was made King of Huáiyáng in 155 and then transfered to the Kingdom of Lǔ in 154. He was largely given over to material pleasures, especially hunting and music. On one occasion he nearly demolished the former house of Confucius in order to expand his palace; mysterious supernatural music caused the King to change his mind, but several lost texts were discovered in the early stages of the demolition. He died in 128, but had issue:
a) Lǔ Ān-wáng Liú Guāng (魯 安王 劉 光), King of Lǔ from 128. He was given to material pleasures and frequently worried that he would not be able to afford his luxurious lifestyle. He died in 88, but had issue:
i) Lǔ Xiào-wáng Liú Qìngjì (魯 孝王 劉 慶忌), King of Lǔ. He became king in 88 and died in 51. He had issue:
(1) Lǔ Qǐng-wáng Liú Fēng (魯 頃王 劉 封), King of Lǔ from 51 until his death in 23. He had issue:
(a) Lǔ Wén-wáng Liú Juan (魯 文王 劉 晙), King of Lǔ from 23. He died without an heir in 4 BC and his kingdom was abolished.
(b) Lǔ-gōng Wáng Mǐn (魯公 王 閔), Duke of Lǔ. He was made Marquis of Wúxiāng in 21 BC and was made king of the restored Kingdom of Lǔ in 4 BC. However in AD 9, Wang Mang, who was in the process of seizing power from the Han Dynasty, demoted him to the rank of Duke. He responded by presenting a document in praise of Wang Mang, who rewarded him by changing his surname to Wáng (王).
(c) A son, who had issue:
(i) Zǎixiāng-hóu Liú Yán (宰鄉侯 劉 延), Marquis of Zǎixiāng from 4 BC until he was demoted to commoner in AD 4.
(d) Jiànxiāng Lí-hóu Liú Kāng (建鄉 釐侯 劉 康), Marquis of Jiànxiāng from 21 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Jiànxiāng-hóu Liú Zìdāng (建鄉侯 劉 自當), Marquis of Jiànxiāng. He was demoted to commoner.
(e) Xīnyáng Qǐng-hóu Liú Yǒng (新陽 頃侯 劉 永), Marquis of Xīnyáng from 19 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Xīnyáng-hóu Liú Jí (新陽侯 劉 級), Marquis of Xīnyáng. He was demoted to commoner.
(2) Chānglǜ Kāng-hóu Liú Hóng (昌慮 康侯 劉 弘), Marquis of Chānglǜ from 50 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Chānglǜ Lí-hóu Liú Fèngshì (昌慮 釐侯 劉 奉世), Marquis of Chānglǜ. He had issue:
(i) Chānglǜ-hóu Liú Gě (昌慮侯 劉 蓋), Marquis of Chānglǜ.
(3) Píngyì-hóu Liú Chǎng (平邑侯 劉 敞), Marquis of Píngyì. He became Marquis in 50 but was executed for murder in 48.
(4) Shānxiāng Jié-hóu Liú Wǎn (山鄉 節侯 劉 綰), Marquis of Shānxiāng from 52 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Shānxiāng-hóu Liú Qiū (山鄉侯 劉 丘), Marquis of Shānxiāng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
(5) Jiànlíng Jìng-hóu Liú Suì (建陵 靖侯 劉 遂), Marquis of Jiànlíng from 50 until his death in 49. He had issue:
(a) Jiànlíng Jié-hóu Liú Lǔ (建陵 節侯 劉 魯), Marquis of Jiànlíng from 49 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Jiànlíng-hóu Liú Liánwén (建陵侯 劉 連文), Marquis of Jiànlíng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
(6) Héyáng Jié-hóu Liú Píng (合陽 節侯 劉 平), Marquis of Héyáng from 52 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Héyáng Xiào-hóu Liú Ānshàng (合陽 孝侯 劉 安上), Marquis of Héyáng. He died childless in 32 and his Marquisate was abolished.
(7) Dōngān Xiào-hóu Liú Qiang (東安 孝侯 劉 強), Marquis of Dōng'ān from 50 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Dōngān-hóu Liú Bá (東安侯 劉 拔), Marquis of Dōng'ān. He died childless.
(8) Zhéngxiāng Jié-hóu Liú Dāng (承鄉 節 侯劉當), Marquis of Zhéngxiāng. He was Marquis from 58 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Zhéngxiāng-hóu Liú Détiān (承鄉侯 劉 德天), Marquis of Zhéngxiāng. He was demoted to commoner in 19 BC for extortion.
(9) Jiànyáng Jié-hóu Liú Xian (建陽 節侯 劉 咸), Marquis of Jiànyáng from 50 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Jiànyáng Xiào-hóu Liú Bà (建陽 孝侯 劉 霸), Marquis of Jiànyáng. He had issue:
(i) Jiànyáng-hóu Liú Bìng (建陽侯 劉 並), Marquis of Jiànyáng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
ii) Lánqí Qǐng-hóu Liú Líncháo (蘭旗 頃侯 劉 臨朝), Marquis of Lánqí. He became Marquis in 82 and died in 60. He had issue:
(1) Lánqí Jié-hóu Liú Qùjí (蘭旗 節侯 劉 去疾), Marquis of Lánqí from 60 until his death in 53. He had issue:
(a) Lánqí Lí-hóu Liú Jiā (蘭旗 釐侯 劉 嘉), Marquis of Lánqí. He was Marquis from 53 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Lánqí-hóu Liú Wèi (蘭旗侯 劉 位), Marquis of Lánqí.
iii) Róngqiū Dài-hóu Liú Fāngshān (容丘 戴侯 劉 方山), Marquis of Róngqiū from 82, until his death. He had issue:
(1) Róngqiū Qǐng-hóu Liú Wèiyāng (容丘 頃侯 劉 未央), Marquis of Róngqiū. He had issue:
(a) Róngqiū-hóu Liú Zhāo (容丘侯 劉 昭), Marquis of Róngqiū.
iv) Liángchéng Qǐnghóu Liú Wéndé (良成 頃侯 劉 文德), Marquis of Liángchéng from 82 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Liángchéng Gònghóu Liú Shùn (良成 共侯 劉 舜), Marquis of Liángchéng. He had issue:
(a) Liángchéng Líhóu Liú Yuán (良成 釐侯 劉 原), Marquis of Liángchéng. He had issue:
(i) Liángchéng Dàihóu Liú Yuán (良成 戴侯 劉 元), Marquis of Liángchéng. He had issue:
1. Liángchéng-hóu Liú Mǐn (良成侯 劉 閔), Marquis of Liángchéng.
b) Guǎngqī Jié-hóu Liú Jiāng (廣戚 節侯 劉 將), Marquis of Guǎngqī from 128 until his death. He had issue:
i) Guǎngqī-hóu Liú Shǐ (廣戚 侯 劉 始), Marquis of Guǎngqī. He was deposed as Marquis in 112 for tax evasion.
c) Níngyáng Jié-hóu Liú Huī (寧陽 節侯 劉 恢), Marquis of Níngyáng from 126 until his death in 75. He had issue:
i) Níngyáng Ān-hóu Liú Qìngjì (寧陽 安侯 劉 慶忌), Marquis of Níngyáng from 75 until his death in 57. He had issue:
(1) Níngyáng Kāng-hóu Liú Xìn (寧陽 康侯 劉 信), Marquis of Níngyáng from 57 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Níngyáng Xiào-hóu Liú Hù (寧陽 孝侯 劉 扈), Marquis of Níngyáng. He had issue:
(i) Níngyáng-hóu Liú Fāng (寧陽侯 劉 方), Marquis of Níngyáng.
d) Xiáqiū Jié-hóu Liú Zhèng (瑕丘 節侯 劉 政), Marquis of Xiáqiū from 126 until his death in 74. He had issue:
i) Xiáqiū Sī-hóu Liú Guó (瑕丘 思侯 劉 國), Marquis of Xiáqiū from 74 until his death in 70. He had issue:
(1) Xiáqiū Xiào-hóu Liú Tāng (瑕丘 孝侯 劉 湯), Marquis of Xiáqiū from 70 until his death in 60. He had issue:
(a) Xiáqiū Yáng-hóu Liú Fèngyì (瑕丘 煬侯 劉 奉義), Marquis of Xiáqiū from 60 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Xiáqiū Lí-hóu Liú Suìchéng (瑕丘 釐侯 劉 遂成), Marquis of Xiáqiū. He had issue:
1. Xiáqiū-hóu Liú Yǔ (瑕丘侯 劉 禹), Marquis of Xiáqiū
e) Gōngqiū Yí-hóu Liú Shùn (公丘 夷侯 劉 順), Marquis of Gōngqiū from 126 until his death in 96. He had issue:
i) Gōngqiū Kāng-hóu Liú Shì (公丘 康侯 劉 置), Marquis of Gōngqiū from 96 until his death in 66. He had issue:
(1) Gōngqiū Yáng-hóu Liú Yánshòu (公丘 煬侯 劉 延壽), Marquis of Gōngqiū from 66 until his death in 57. He had issue:
(a) Gōngqiū Sī-hóu Liú Shǎng (公丘 思侯 劉 賞), Marquis of Gōngqiū from 57 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Gōngqiū-hóu Liú Yuán (公丘侯 劉 元), Marquis of Gōngqiū.
f) Yùláng-hóu Liú Qí (郁桹侯 劉 騎), Marquis of Yùláng from 126 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
g) Xīchāng-hóu Liú Jìng (西昌侯 劉 敬), Marquis of Xīchāng from 126 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
5) Jiāngdū Yì-wáng Liú Fēi (江都 易王 劉 非), King of Jiangdu (son of Cheng). Born in 168, he was made King of Rǔnán in 155 and then transfered to the Kingdom of Jiāngdū in 154. Though only fifteen at the time of the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms (154 BC), he was allowed to serve as a General and displayed a great deal of valour. Despite his success he was not allowed to serve again, spending the rest of his life in luxorious living. He died in 127.
He took as a concubine Nào-jī (淖姬), who (after Fei's death) was raped by her step-son, the new King of Jiangdu and fled to the court of the King of Zhao.
a) Jiāngdū-wáng Liú Jiàn (江都王 劉 建), King of Jiangdu. He was sexually depraved, killing fathers for their daughters and engaging in an incestual relationship with his sister. When he became king in 127 his first act was to rape his late father’s concubines. He enjoyed drowning his concubines and officials and watching attendents being eaten by wolves. Afraid that his conduct would eventually have legal implications he plotted to rebel in 122, but was caught and committed suicide.
He married Hú Chéngguāng (胡 成光), whose father was to have been the commander in chief of Jian’s revolt; she was publically executed in 121.
i) Xìjūn-gōngzhǔ Liú (細君公主 劉). She was sent to marry (first) Jūnxūmǐ (軍須靡), Kunmo of the Wusun, nomads of the northwest (see WUSUN), sometime around 110-105, who gave her the title Yòu-fūrén (右夫人), "Lady of the Right." She was deeply unhappy in this marriage; she didn’t speak the language, rarely saw her husband, and was not accustomed to the felt tents and constant movement which a nomadic lifestyle entailed. Later the Kunmo divorced her and had her marry (second) his grandson, Lièqiāomǐ (獵驕靡), subsequently also Kunmo of the Wusun (see WUSUN). She had issue:
(1) Shao-fū (少夫) (daughter of Lièqiāomǐ)
b) Dānyáng-hóu Liú Gǎn (丹陽侯 劉 敢), Marquis of Dānyáng from 128 until his death in 122.
c) Xūyí-hóu Liú Mengzhī (盱眙侯 劉 蒙之), Marquis of Xūyí from 128 until 112, when he was deposed for tax evasion. He had issue:
i) Guǎngshì-wáng Liú Gōng (廣世王 劉 宮), King of Guǎngshì. He was made king in AD 2, as the senior descendant of Liú Fēi, King of Jiangdu. He must then have been very elderly and he died in AD 7. As he was childless, his kingdom was abolished.
d) Húshú Qǐng-hóu Liú Xū (胡孰 頃侯 劉 胥), Marquis of Húshú from 128 until his death in 112. He had issue:
i) Húshú-hóu Liú Shèng (胡孰侯 劉 聖), Marquis of Húshú. He was deposed as Marquis for committing murder and harbouring outlaws.
e) Mòlíng Zhōng-hóu Liú Chán (秣陵 終侯 劉纒), Marquis of Mòlíng from 128 until his death in 113.
f) Suīilíng-hóu Liú Dìngguó (睢陵侯 劉 定國), Marquis of Suīilíng (Or possibly Huáilíng). He was Marquis from 128 until 112, when he was deposed for tax evasion. He was involved in a brief (and completely justified) attempt to have his oldest brother deposed for ‘immoral conduct.’
g) Lóngqiū-hóu Liú Dài (龍丘侯 劉代), Marquis of Lóngqiū from 127 until he was deposed in 112 for tax evasion. (According to the Shiji)
a) Liú Zhengchén (劉 徵臣). She was involved in an incestuous relationship with her eldest brother, the King of Jiāngdū, but later escaped. She married Gě-hóu Wáng Chōng (蓋侯 王 充), Marquis of Gě or his son.
6) Jiāoxī Yū-wáng Liú Duān (膠西 於王 劉 端), King of Jiāoxī (son of Cheng). He was made King in 154, after the previous King was involved in the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms. He was a cruel ruler, but very clever and his father, Jǐngdì, the Sixth Emperor, was unwilling to penalise him for his excesses. Eventually the Emperor was prevailed upon to reduce his kingdom by half; insulted, Duān went on strike, refusing to levy taxes or manage his remaining lands. Kingdom officials who complained were executed or poisoned; those who did not, risked being punished by the Imperial government. He was exceptionally averse to women and therefore left no heirs for his kingdom when he died in 108.
7) Zhōngshān Jìng-wáng Liú Shèng (中山 靖王 劉 勝), King of Zhōngshān (son of Jia). He was made King in 154. He lived a life of exceptional luxury and ignored the affairs of his kingdom, believing that governance was properly the job of officials, not monarchs. He married Dòu Wǎn (竇 綰) and died in 112, having had over 120 children, including:
a) Zhōngshān Āi-wáng Liú Chāng (中山 哀王 劉 昌), King of Zhōngshān. He became king in 112 and died in 110. He had issue:
i) Zhōngshān Kāng-wáng Liú Kūnchĭ (中山 康王 劉 昆侈), King of Zhōngshān from 110 until his death in 89. He had issue:
(1) Zhōngshān Qīng-wáng Liú Fŭ (中山 頃王 劉 輔), King of Zhōngshān. He became king in 89 and died in 86. He had issue:
(a) Zhōngshān Xiàn-wáng Liú Fú (中山 憲王 劉 福), King of Zhōngshān from 86 until he died in 69. He had issue:
(i) Zhōngshān Huái-wáng Liú Xiū (中山 懷王 劉 脩), King of Zhōngshān from 69 until his death in 54. He took as a concubine Lián (廉). As he was childless, his kingdom was abolished.
(b) Lìxiāng Xiào-hóu Liú Ān (利鄉 孝侯 劉 安), Marquis of Lìxiāng from 53. He had issue:
(i) Lìxiāng Dài-hóu Liú Suì (利鄉 戴侯 劉 遂), Marquis of Lìxiāng. He had issue:
1. Lìxiāng-hóu Liú Guó (利鄉侯 劉 國), Marquis of Lìxiāng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
(c) A son, who had issue:
(i) Guǎngdé Yí-wáng Liú Yúnkè (廣德 夷王 劉 雲客), King of Guǎngdé. He became king in 19 and died in 18. As he was childless, his kingdom was abolished.
(ii) Guǎngping-gōng Liú Guǎnghàn (廣平公 劉 廣漢). He became King of Guǎngping in 18. In AD 9, Wang Mang, who was in the process of seizing power from the Han Dynasty, demoted him to the rank of Duke.
(2) Chéng Xiàn-hóu Liú Xǐ (成獻侯 劉 喜), Marquis of Chéng from 76 until his death in 61.
(a) Chéng Qǐng-hóu Liú Décī (成頃侯 劉 得疵), Marquis of Chéng from 61 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Chéng Yáng-hóu Liú Péng (成煬侯 劉 傰), Marquis of Chéng. He had issue:
1. Chéng Āi-hóu Liú Guì (成哀侯 劉 貴), Marquis of Chéng. He died childless in 6 BC.
(3) Xuānchǔ Jié-hóu Liú Zhāng (宣處 節侯 劉 章), Marquis of Xuānchǔ from 71 until his death in 67. He had issue:
(a) Xuānchǔ Yuán-hóu Liú Zhòng (宣處 原侯 劉 眾), Marquis of Xuānchǔ from 67 until his death. He was childless.
b) Guǎngwàng Jié-hóu Liú Zhōng (廣望 節侯 劉 忠), Marquis of Guǎngwàng from 127 until his death in 97. He had issue:
i) Guǎngwàng Qǐng-hóu Liú Zhōng (廣望 頃侯 劉 中), Marquis of Guǎngwàng from 97 until his death in 84. He had issue:
(1) Guǎngwàng Sī-hóu Liú Héqí (廣望 思侯 劉 何齊), Marquis of Guǎngwàng from 84 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Guǎngwàng Gōnghóu Liú Suì (廣望 恭侯 劉 遂), Marquis of Guǎngwàng. He had issue:
(i) Guǎngwàng-hóu Liú Gé (廣望侯 劉 閣), Marquis of Guǎngwàng.
ii) Liú Zhòngqīng (劉 仲卿). He adopted the future mother of Xuāndì, the Tenth Emperor, in 105, when she was still young, trained her as a dancer and sent her to a nobleman's household.
c) Jiāngliáng-hóu Liú Cháopíng (將梁侯 劉 朝平), Marquis of Jiangliang from 127 until he was deposed for tax evasion in 112.
d) Xīnguǎn-hóu Liú Wèiyāng (涿薪館侯 劉 未央), Marquis of Xīnguǎn from 127 until he was deposed for tax evasion in 112.
e) Lùchéng-hóu Liú Zhēn (陸城侯 劉 貞), Marquis of Lùchéng from 127 until he was deposed for tax evasion in 112. He was the ancestor of the Emperors of Later Han (see LATER HAN)
f) Xīnchǔ-hóu Liú Jiā (薪處侯 劉 嘉), Marquis of Xīnchǔ from 127 until he was deposed for tax evasion in 112.
g) Lùdì-hóu Liú Yì (陸地侯 劉 義), Marquis of Lùdì from 126 until he was deposed for tax evasion in 112.
h) Línlè Dūn-hóu Liú Guāng (臨樂 敦侯 劉 光), Marquis of Línlè. He was Marquis from 125 until his death in 105. He had issue:
i) Línlè Xiàn-hóu Liú Jiàn (臨樂 憲侯 劉 建), Marquis of Línlè from 105 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Línlè Liè-hóu Liú Gù (臨樂 列侯 劉 固), Marquis of Línlè. He died in 55, but had issue:
(a) Línlè Jié-hóu Liú Wànnián (臨樂 節侯 劉 萬年), Marquis of Línlè. Marquis from 55 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Línlè-hóu Liú Guǎngdū (臨樂侯 劉 廣都), Marquis of Línlè. He was demoted to commoner by the usurper, Wang Mang.
i) Dōngyě Dài-hóu Liú Zhāng (東野 戴侯 劉 章), Marquis of Dōngyě from 125 until his death. He had issue:
i) Dōngyě-hóu Liú Zhōngshí (東野侯 劉 中時), Marquis of Dōngyě. He died in 101, without issue.
j) Gāopíng-hóu Liú Xǐ (高平侯 劉 喜), Marquis of Gāopíng from 125 until he was deposed for tax evasion in 112.
k) Guǎngchuān-hóu Liú Pō (廣川侯 劉 頗), Marquis of Guǎngchuān from 127 until he was deposed for tax evasion in 112.
l) Chéngqiū Jié-hóu Liú Jiāngyè (乘丘 節侯 劉 將夜), Marquis of Chéngqiū from 125 until his death in 113. He had issue:
i) Chéngqiū Dài-hóu Liú Dé (乘丘 戴侯 劉 德), Marquis of Chéngqiū from 113 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Chéngqiū-hóu Liú Wàirén (乘丘侯 劉 外人), Marquis of Chéngqiū. He was demoted to commoner in 62 for an adulterous relationship with his step-mother.
m) Gāoqiū Āi-hóu Liú Pòhú (高丘 哀侯 劉 破胡), Marquis of Gāoqiū from 124 until his death in 116.
n) Liǔsù Yí-hóu Liú Gě (柳宿 夷侯 劉 蓋), Marquis of Liǔsù from 124 until his death in 120. He had issue:
i) Liǔsù-hóu Liú Sū (柳宿侯 劉 蘇), Marquis of Liǔsù from 120 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
o) Róngqiū-hóu Liú Ràng (戎丘侯 劉 讓), Marquis of Róngqiū from 124 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
p) Fányú Jié-hóu Liú Xiū (樊輿 節侯 劉 脩), Marquis of Fányú. He was Marquis from 124 until his death in 88. He had issue:
i) Fányú Yáng-hóu Liú Guòlún (樊輿 煬侯 劉 過倫), Marquis of Fányú from 88 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Fányú Sī-hóu Liú Yìzhòng (樊輿 思侯 劉 異眾), Marquis of Fányú. He had issue:
(a) Fányú Qǐng-hóu Liú Tǔshēng (樊輿 頃侯 劉 土生), Marquis of Fányú. He had issue:
(i) Fányú-hóu Liú Zìyǔ (樊輿侯 劉 自予), Marquis of Fányú. He was demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang.
q) Qūchéng-hóu Liú Wànsuì (曲成侯 劉 萬歲), Marquis of Qūchéng from 124 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
r) Ānguō Yú-hóu Liú Zhuánfù (安郭 于侯 劉 傳富), Marquis of Ānguō from 124 until his death. He had issue:
i) Ānguō Líhóu Liú Yǎn (安郭 釐侯 劉 偃), Marquis of Ānguō. He had issue:
(1) Ānguō-hóu Liú Chóng (安郭侯 劉 崇), Marquis of Ānguō. He was demoted to commoner in 65 for concealing a criminal.
s) Ānxiǎn-hóu Liú Yīng (安險侯 劉 應), Marquis of Ānxiǎn from 124 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
t) Āndào-hóu Liú Huī (安道侯 劉 恢), Marquis of Āndào from 124 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
?) Péng-hóu Liú Qūlí (澎侯 劉 屈釐), Marquis of Péng. He became an official. In 91, when he was Governor of Zhuojun, the Imperial Chancellor was dismissed and Quli was appointed Imperial Chancellor of the Left (There was no Chancellor of the Right so, in reality, he was sole Chancellor) and made Marquis of Péng by Wǔdì, the Seventh Emperor. In 90 the Heir Apparent murdered a prominent official leading to disorder in the Capital; the Heir was said to be in rebellion. Liú Qūlí was given full authority by Emperor Wǔdì, to deal with this and he marched into the Capital in force. His soldiers fought the Heir’s forces in pitched battle in the streets of the capital, Cháng'ān. The Heir fled and was killed. Soon thereafter Liú Qūlí was allegedly involved in court conspiracies concerning who should be the new Heir. The increasingly suspicious Seventh Emperor, Wǔdì, found out about the conspiracy and had him executed in 90 by being sliced in half at the waist; his wife was beheaded. He had issue:
i) A son, who married a daughter of Hǎixī-hóu Lǐ Guǎnglì (海西侯 李 廣利), Marquis of Hǎixī. the Chinese General who had conquered much of Central Asia, and had repeatedly defeated the Xiongnu in battle.
8) Zhào Jìngsù-wáng Liú Péngzǔ (趙 敬肅王 劉 彭祖), King of Zhao. He was made King of Guǎngchuān, formerly known as Xindu, in 155. He was made King of Zhao in 152, where he maintained complete independence by ensuring that the officials appointed to control him were closely monitored and utterly beholden to him; none lasted more than two years in office. He took as a concubine Nào-jī (淖姬), who had previous belonged to his brother, the King of Jiangdu. He died in 92, but had issue:
a) Liú Dān (劉 丹). He married Jiāng (江), a musician and sister of Jiāng Chōng Cìqiàn (江充 次倩); of whom he became deeply paranoid, working to have him arrested and his family murdered. Jiang Chong countered by having him arrested for incest and banished to campaign against the Xiongnu nomads. As a result of his criminal record he was not allowed to succeed to the Kingdom of Zhao after his father’s death. Jiāng Chōng went on to serve Wǔdì, the Seventh Emperor of Han, taking advantage of his paranoia and inciting him to execute his own son and heir in 94, for which he was later executed.
b) Wèiwén Jié-hóu Liú Bǐng (尉文 節侯 劉 丙), Marquis of Wèiwén. He became Marquis in 127 and died in 122. He had issue:
i) Wèiwén-hóu Liú Dú (尉文侯 劉 犢), Marquis of Wèiwén. He was Marquis from 122 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion..
c) Fēngsī Dài-hóu Liú Húshāng (封斯 戴侯 劉 胡傷), Marquis of Fēngsī from 127 until his death in 102. He had issue:
i) Fēngsī Yuán-hóu Liú Rúyì (封斯 原侯 劉 如意), Marquis of Fēngsī from 102 until his death in 50. He had issue:
(1) Fēngsī Xiào-hóu Liú Gōng (封斯 孝侯 劉 宮), Marquis of Fēngsī from 50 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Fēngsī-hóu Liú Rén (封斯侯 劉 仁), Marquis of Fēngsī
d) Yúqiū-hóu Liú Shòufú (榆丘侯 劉 受福), Marquis of Yúqiū from 127 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
e) Xiāngchán-hóu Liú Jiàn (襄嚵侯 劉 建), Marquis of Xiāngchán from 127 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
f) Hánhuì Yǎn-hóu Liú Rén (邯會 衍侯 劉 仁), Marquis of Hánhuì from 127 until his death. He had issue:
i) Hánhuì Āi-hóu Huì (邯會 哀侯 劉 慧), Marquis of Hánhuì. He died in 88, but had issue:
(1) Hánhuì Qín-hóu Liú Hè (邯會 勤侯 劉 賀), Marquis of Hánhuì from 88 until his death in 53. He had issue:
(a) Hánhuì Yuán-hóu Liú Zhāng (邯會 原侯 劉 張), Marquis of Hánhuì from 53 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Hánhuì Lí-hóu Liú Kāng (邯會 釐侯 劉 康), Marquis of Hánhuì. He had issue:
1. Hánhuì Jié-hóu Liú Zhòng (邯會 節侯 劉 重), Marquis of Hánhuì. He had issue:
a. Hánhuì Huái-hóu Liú Cāng (邯會 懷侯 劉 蒼), Marquis of Hánhuì. He died childless.
g) Cháo Jié-hóu Liú Yì (朝 節侯 劉 義), Marquis of Hánhuì from 127 until his death in 114. He had issue:
i) Cháo Dài-hóu Liú Lù (朝 戴侯 劉 祿), Marquis of Hánhuì from 114 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Cháo-hóu Liú Gùchéng (朝侯 劉 固城), Marquis of Cháo. He was demoted to commoner in 54 for tax evasion.
h) Dōngchéng-hóu Liú Yí (東城侯 劉 遺), Marquis of Dōngchéng from 127 until 116 when he was either demoted to commoner for criminal activity or murdered
i) Yīnchéng Sī-hóu Liú Cāng (陰城 思侯 劉 蒼), Marquis of Yīnchéng. He became Marquis in 112 but was demoted to commoner in 110. He had issue:
i) Yǒuzuì (有罪)?
j) Hánpíng-hóu Liú Shùn (邯平侯 劉 順), Marquis of Hánpíng from 126 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
k) Zhào Qǐng-wáng Liú Chāng (趙 頃王 劉 昌), King of Zhao. He was made Marquis of Wushi in 126 and promoted to king in 92. He died in 73. He had issue:
i) Zhào Huái-wáng Liú Zūn (趙 懷王 劉 尊), King of Zhao. He became king in 73 and died in 68. As he was childless, his kingdom was abolished.
ii) Zhào Āi-wáng Liú Gāo (趙 哀王 劉 高), King of Zhao. He was made king of the restored Kingdom of Zhao in 66 and died early in 65. He had issue:
(1) Zhào Gong-wáng Liú Chōng (趙 共王 劉 充), King of Zhao. He became king in 65 and died in 10 BC. He had issue:
(a) Zhào-gōng Liú Yǐn (趙公 劉 隱), Duke of Zhao. He became King of Zhao in 10 BC and was demoted to Duke in AD 9 by Wang Mang, who was in the process of seizing power from the Han Dynasty.
(i) Liú Húzi (劉 胡子), who issued false divinations against a rebel against the usurper Wang Mang in AD 24. This was a bad move, for the rebel was successful and became the Eighteenth Emperor.
(b) Ānguó-hóu Liú Jí (安國侯 劉 吉), Marquis of Ānguó from 8 BC until AD 9 when he was demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang.
(c) Liángxiāng-hóu Liú Jiāo (梁鄉侯 劉 交), Marquis of Yunxiāng from 8 BC until AD 8 when he was demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang.
(d) Xiāngxiāng Qǐng-hóu Liú Fú (襄鄉 頃侯 劉 福), Marquis of Xiāngxiāng from 8 BC until his death. He had issue:
(i) Xiāngxiāng-hóu Liú Zhāng (襄鄉侯 劉 章), Marquis of Xiāngxiāng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
(e) Róngxiāng Lí-hóu Liú Qiang (容鄉 釐侯 劉 強), Marquis of Róngxiāng from 8 BC until his death. He had issue:
(i) Róngxiāng-hóu Liú Hóng (容鄉侯 劉 弘), Marquis of Róngxiāng.
(f) Yunxiāng-hóu Liú Gù (縕鄉侯 劉 固), Marquis of Yunxiāng from 8 BC until his death.
(2) Boxiāng Dàihóu Liú Mǎi (柏鄉 戴侯 劉 買), Marquis of Boxiāng from 33 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Boxiāng Qǐnghóu Liú Yún (柏鄉 頃侯 劉 雲), Marquis of Boxiāng. He had issue:
(i) Bǎixiāng-hóu Liú Tán (柏鄉侯 劉 譚), Marquis of Boxiāng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
(3) Ānxiāng Xiào-hóu Liú Xǐ (安鄉 孝侯 劉 喜), Marquis of Ānxiāng from 33 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Ānxiāng Lí-hóu Liú Hú (安鄉 釐侯 劉 胡), Marquis of Ānxiāng.
iii) Hángòu Jié-hóu Liú Yǎn (邯冓 節侯 劉 偃), Marquis of Hángòu. He was Marquis from 68 until his death in 59. He had issue:
(1) Hángòu Lí-hóu Liú Shèng (邯冓 釐侯 劉 勝), Marquis of Hángòu. He was Marquis from 59 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Hángòu Qǐng-hóu Liú Dù (邯冓 頃侯 劉 度), Marquis of Hángòu. He had issue:
(i) Hángòu-hóu Liú Dìng (邯冓侯 劉 定), Marquis of Hángòu. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
iv) Lèyáng Mù-hóu Liú Yuè (樂陽 繆侯 劉 說), Marquis of Lèyáng from 68 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Lèyáng Xiào-hóu Liú Zōng (樂陽 孝侯 劉 宗), Marquis of Lèyáng. He had issue:
(a) Lèyáng Qǐng-hóu Liú Chóng (樂陽 頃侯 劉 崇), Marquis of Lèyáng. He had issue:
(i) Lèyáng-hóu Liú Zhèn (樂陽侯 劉 鎮), Marquis of Lèyáng.
v) Sāngzhōng Dài-hóu Liú Guǎnghàn (桑中 戴侯 劉 廣漢), Marquis of Sāngzhōng. He was Marquis from 68 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Sāngzhōng Jié-hóu Liú Zòng (桑中 節侯 劉 縱), Marquis of Sāngzhōng. He had issue:
(a) Sāngzhōng Qǐng-hóu Liú Jìng (桑中 頃侯 劉 敬), Marquis of Sāngzhōng. He died childless and his Marquisate was abolished.
(b) Sāngzhōng-hóu Liú Shùn (桑中侯 劉 舜), Marquis of Sāngzhōng. The Marquisate was restored for him in 11 BC, and he held it until demoted to commoner in AD 9 by the usurper Wang Mang.
vi) Zhāng-hóu Liú Sōng (張侯 劉 嵩), Marquis of Zhāng from 68 until he was demoted to commoner in 60 for murder. He died of illness in prison.
vii) Dūxiāng Xiào-hóu Liú Jǐng (都鄉 孝侯 劉 景), Marquis of Dūxiāng from 52 until his death.
l) Xiàngshì Jié-hóu Liú Hè (象氏 節侯 劉 賀), Marquis of Xiàngshì. He became Marquis in 126 and died in 108. He had issue:
i) Xiàngshì Sī-hóu Liú Ānyì (象氏 思侯 劉 安意), Marquis of Xiàngshì. He became Marquis in 108 and died in 81. He had issue:
(1) Xiàngshì Kāng-hóu Liú Qiānqiū (象氏 康侯 劉 千秋), Marquis of Xiàngshì. He became Marquis in 81and died in 65. He had issue:
(a) Xiàngshì Xiào-hóu Liú Hànqiang (象氏 孝侯 劉 漢強), Marquis of Xiàngshì. He became Marquis in 65. He had issue:
(i) Xiàngshì-hóu Liú Fēng (象氏侯 劉 酆), Marquis of Xiàngshì. He was demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang.
m) Yì Ān-hóu Liú Píng (易 安侯 劉 平), Marquis of Yì from 126 until his death in 106. He had issue:
i) Yì Kāng-hóu Liú Zhǒng (易 康侯 劉 種), Marquis of Yì from 106 until his death in 86. He had issue:
(1) Yì-hóu Liú Dé (易侯 劉 德), Marquis of Yì. He became Marquis and was demoted to commoner for murder in 86.
n) Pínggan Qǐng-wáng Liú Yǎn (平干 頃王 劉 偃), King of Pínggan. He became king in 91 and died in 80. He had issue:
i) Pínggan Mù-wáng Liú Yuán (平干 繆王 劉 元), King of Pínggan. He became king in 80 and died in 56. He left orders that several entertainers were to be cremated alive with him and for sixteen of his slaves to be forced to suicide. As a result, his kingdom was abolished.
(1) Liú Lín (劉 林), a warlord in North China at the end of the usurper Wang Mang's reign (When he must have been very elderly), he was a leading supporter of the rebel Wáng Lǎng (王朗), who was utterly defeated in AD 24.
ii) Qūliáng Ān-hóu Liú Jìng (曲梁 安侯 劉 敬), Marquis of Qūliáng from 63 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Qūliáng Jié-hóu Liú Shíguāng (曲梁 節侯 劉 時光), Marquis of Qūliáng. He had issue:
(a) Qūliáng-hóu Liú Hùbiàn (曲梁侯 劉 瓠辯), Marquis of Qūliáng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
iii) Guǎngxiāng Xiào-hóu Liú Míng (廣鄉 孝侯 劉 明), Marquis of Guǎngxiāng from 59 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Guǎngxiāng Jié-hóu Liú Ān (廣鄉 節侯 劉 安), Marquis of Guǎngxiāng. He had issue:
(a) Guǎngxiāng Lí-hóu Liú Zhōuqí (廣鄉 釐侯 劉 周齊), Marquis of Guǎngxiāng. He had issue:
(i) Guǎngxiāng-hóu Liú Chōngguó (廣鄉侯 劉 充國), Marquis of Guǎngxiāng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
iv) Chéngxiāng Zhì-hóu Liú Qìng (成鄉 質侯 劉 慶), Marquis of Chéngxiāng from 59 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Chéngxiāng Jié-hóu Liú Bà (成鄉 節侯 劉 霸), Marquis of Chéngxiāng. He died childless in 18.
(2) Chéngxiāng-hóu Liú Guǒ (成鄉侯 劉 果), Marquis of Chéngxiāng from 11 BC until he was demoted to commoner in AD 9 by the usurper, Wang Mang.
v) Pínglì Jié-hóu Liú Shì (平利 節侯 劉 世), Marquis of Pínglì from 58 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Pínglì Zhì-hóu Liú Jiā (平利 質侯 劉 嘉), Marquis of Pínglì. He had issue:
(a) Pínglì Lí-hóu Liú Yǔ (平利 釐侯 劉 禹), Marquis of Pínglì. He had issue:
(i) Pínglì-hóu Liú Dàn (平利侯 劉 旦), Marquis of Pínglì. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
vi) Píngxiāng Xiào-hóu Liú Rén (平鄉 孝侯 劉 壬), Marquis of Píngxiāng from 58 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Píngxiāng Jié-hóu Liú Chéng (平鄉 節侯 劉 成), Marquis of Píngxiāng. He had issue:
(a) Píngxiāng-hóu Liú Yáng (平鄉侯 劉 陽), Marquis of Píngxiāng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
vii) Píngzuǎn Jié-hóu Liú Liáng (平纂 節侯 劉 梁), Marquis of Píngzuǎn from 58 until his death.
viii) Chénglíng Jié-hóu Liú Chōng (成陵 節侯 劉 充), Marquis of Chénglíng from 58 until his death. He had issue:
(1) A son, who was murdered by his third brother and his step-mother.
(2) Chénglíng-hóu Liú Dé (成陵侯 劉 德), Marquis of Chénglíng. He was demoted to commoner in 19 BC for keeping the crimes of his younger brother and step-mother secret. He became ill and died in prison.
(3) A son, who had an incestuous relationship with his step-mother and, with her, killed his eldest brother.
ix) Yángchéng Mǐn-hóu Liú Tián (陽城 愍侯 劉 田), Marquis of Yángchéng from 58 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Yángchéng Jié-hóu Liú Xián (陽城 節侯 劉 賢), Marquis of Yángchéng. He had issue:
(a) Yángchéng Lí-hóu Liú Shuì (陽城 釐侯 劉 說), Marquis of Yángchéng. He had issue:
(i) Yángchéng-hóu Liú Bào (陽城侯 劉 報), Marquis of Yángchéng.
x) Zuòyáng-hóu Liú Rén (祚陽侯 劉 仁), Marquis of Zuòyáng from 57 until 44 when he was demoted to titleless Marquis for excessive taxation.
o) Bochàng Dài-hóu Liú Zhōnggǔ (柏暢 戴侯 劉 終古), Marquis of Bochàng from 124 until his death. He had issue:
i) Bochàng-hóu Liú Zhū (柏暢侯 劉 朱), Marquis of Bochàng. He died in 84 and was buried at Guīshān.
p) Hàoān-hóu Liú Yánnián (鄗安侯 劉 延年), Marquis of Hàoān from 124 until he was demoted to commoner in 112 for tax evasion.
q) Zhāngběi-hóu Liú Kuān (漳北侯 劉 寬), Marquis of Zhāngběi. He was murdered by a slave in 78. As he was childless, his Marquisate came to an end.
r) Nánluán-hóu Liú Tuó (南䜌侯 劉 佗), Marquis of Nánluán. He was demoted to commoner in 91 for tax evasion.
s) Nánlíng-hóu Liú Qìng (南陵侯 劉 慶), Marquis of Nánlíng. He was Governor of Pei in 87, when he was charged with lying to the Emperor. He died of wasting sickness in prison.
t) Āntán-hóu Liú Fú (安檀侯 劉 福), Marquis of Āntán. He was Governor of Changshan, until he was charged with cursing the Emperor. He died, childless, of an illness at a later date
u) Yuánqī-hóu Liú Dāng (爰戚侯 劉 當), Marquis of Yuánqī. He was charged with planning a rebellion with his brother and committed suicide.
v) Liú Liào (劉 廖). He was involved in a plot to rebel with his brother, the Marquis of Yuánqī.
w) Lì Jié-hóu Liú Lè (栗 節侯 劉 樂), Marquis of Lì. He became Marquis in 92 and died in 66. He had issue:
i) Lì Yáng-hóu Liú Zhōng (栗 煬侯 劉 忠), Marquis of Lì from 66 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Lì Zhì-hóu Liú Zhōnggēn (栗 質侯 劉 終根), Marquis of Lì. He had issue:
(a) Lì-hóu Liú Kuàng (栗侯 劉 況), Marquis of Lì. He died childless.
x) Xiáo Yí-hóu Liú Zhōushe (洨 夷侯 劉 周舍), Marquis of Xiáo. He was Marquis from 92 until his death. He had issue:
i) Xiáo Xiào-hóu Liú Huì (洨 孝侯 劉 惠), Marquis of Xiáo. He had issue:
(1) Xiáo Jié-hóu Liú Nǎishǐ (洨 節侯 劉 迺始), Marquis of Xiáo. He had issue:
(a) Xiáo Āi-hóu Liú Xūn (洨 哀侯 劉 勳), Marquis of Xiáo. He had issue:
(i) Xiáo-hóu Liú Chéng (洨侯 劉 承), Marquis of Xiáo.
y) Xiāo Jié-hóu Liú Qǐ (猇 節侯 劉 起), Marquis of Xiāo. He became Marquis in 92 and died in 81. He had issue:
i) Xiāo Yí-hóu Liú Chōngguó (猇 夷侯 劉 充國), Marquis of Xiāo. He became Marquis in 81 and died in 61. He had issue:
(1) Xiāo Gōng-hóu Liú Guǎngmíng (猇 恭侯 劉 廣明), Marquis of Xiāo from 61 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Xiāo Lí-hóu Liú Gù (猇 釐侯 劉 固), Marquis of Xiāo. He had issue:
(i) Xiāo-hóu Liú Jùlù (猇侯 劉 鉅鹿), Marquis of Xiāo.
z) Jípéi Dài-hóu Liú Dào (揤裴 戴侯 劉 道), Marquis of Jípéi. He became Marquis in 92 and died in 80. He had issue:
i) Jípéi Āi-hóu Liú Zūn (揤裴 哀侯 劉 尊), Marquis of Jípéi from 80 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Jípéi Qǐng-hóu Liú Zhāng (揤裴 頃侯 劉 章), Marquis of Jípéi. He had issue:
(a) Jípéi Lí-hóu Liú Jǐng (揤裴 釐侯 劉 景), Marquis of Jípéi. He had issue:
(i) Jípéi Dōnghǎi-hóu Liú Fā (揤裴 東海侯 劉 發), Marquis of Jípéi. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
?) Liú Nào-zǐ (劉 淖子). He was an unsuccessful candidate to succeed his father in 92 (son of Nào-jī).
[The descendants of Emperor Jing are continued on the next page]