han6
漢
THE BRIGHT EMPEROR JING (PART TWO)
156 – 141 Hàn Xiào Jǐng-huángdì Liú Qǐ (漢 孝 景皇帝 劉 啟), Sixth Emperor of Han, the Bright Emperor had further offspring:
9) Hàn Xiào Wǔ-huángdì Liú Chè (漢 孝 武皇帝 劉 徹), Seventh Emperor of Han. (son of Zhi) (see below).
10) Chángshā Dìng-wáng Liú Fā (長沙 定王 劉 發), King of Chángshā (son of Táng). He was made King of Chángshā, the most remote and underdeveloped Kingdom in the Empire, in 155. He died in 127, but had issue:
a) Chángshā Dài-wáng Liú Yōng (長沙 戴王 劉 庸), King of Chángshā. He became king in 127 and died in 100. He had issue:
i) Chángshā Qǐng-wáng Liú Fùqú (長沙 頃王 劉 附朐), King of Chángshā. He became king in 100 and died in 83. He had issue:
(1) Chángshā La-wáng Liú Jiàndé (長沙 剌王 劉 建德), King of Chángshā. He became king in 83. He set a village on fire during a hunt, killed two people and falsely denunciated a minister and, as punishment, his kingdom was decreased in size. He died in 49, but had issue:
(a) Chángshā Yáng-wáng Liú Dàn (長沙 煬王 劉 旦), King of Chángshā. He became king in 49 and died in 47. As he had no children his kingdom was abolished.
(b) Chángshā Xiào-wáng Liú Zōng (長沙孝王宗), King of Chángshā. He became king of the revived kingdom of Changsha in 46 and died in 43 or 42.
(i) Chángshā Mù-wáng Liú Lǔrén (長沙 繆王劉魯人), King of Chángshā. He became king in 43 or 42 and died in AD 7.
1. Liú Shùn (劉 舜). He became King Chángshā in AD 7, was demoted to Duke of Chángshā in AD 9 by Wang Mang, who was in the process of seizing power from the Han Dynasty and further demoted to a commoner in AD 10.
a. Línxiāng- hóu Liú Xīng (臨湘侯 劉 興), King of Chángshā from the restoration of the Han Dynasty in 24 until he was demoted to Marquis of in 37.
2. Xiāngxiāng-hóu Liú Chāng (湘鄉侯 劉 昌), Marquis of Xiāngxiāng. He became Marquis in 3 BC, but was demoted to commoner in AD 9 by the usurper Wang Mang.
(ii) Ānpíng Lí-hóu Liú Xí (安平 釐侯 劉 習), Marquis of Ānpíng from 48 until his death. He had issue:
1. Ānpíng-hóu Liú Jiā (安平侯 劉 嘉), Marquis of Ānpíng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
(iii) Yángshān Jié-hóu Liú Zōng (陽山 節侯 劉 宗), Marquis of Yángshān from 48 until his death. His name might be a copyist's error for his father. He had issue:
1. Yángshān-hóu Liú Mǎinú (陽山侯 劉 買奴), Marquis of Yángshān. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
(c) Zhāoyáng-hóu Liú Shǎng (昭陽侯 劉 賞), Marquis of Zhāoyáng from AD 5 until he was demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang in AD 9.
(d) Chéngyáng-hóu Liú Jǐng (承陽侯 劉 景), Marquis of Chéngyáng from AD 5 until he was demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang in AD 9.
(2) Gāochéng Jié-hóu Liú Liáng (高城 節侯 劉 梁), Marquis of Gāochéng. He was Marquis from 81 or, more likely, from 65 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Gāochéng Zhì-hóu Liú Jǐng (高城 質侯 劉 景), Marquis of Gāochéng. He had issue:
(i) Gāochéng Qǐng-hóu Liú Qǐngshì (高城 頃侯 劉 請士), Marquis of Gāochéng. He had issue:
1. Gāochéng-hóu Liú Féng (高城侯 劉 馮), Marquis of Gāochéng.
(3) Fùyáng Yán-hóu Liú Yánnián (復陽 嚴侯 劉 延年), Marquis of Fùyáng from 65 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Fùyáng Yáng-hóu Liú Hàn (復陽 煬侯 劉 漢), Marquis of Fùyáng. He had issue:
(i) Fùyáng-hóu Liú Dào (復陽侯 劉 道), Marquis of Fùyáng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
(4) Zhōngwǔ Jiéhóu Liú Dù (鍾武 節侯 劉 度), Marquis of Zhōngwǔ. He was Marquis from 65 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Zhōngwǔ Xiàohóu Liú Xuān (鍾武 孝侯 劉 宣), Marquis of Zhōngwǔ. He had issue:
(i) Zhōngwǔ Āihóu Liú Bà (鍾武 哀侯 劉 霸), Marquis of Zhōngwǔ. He died childless in 11 BC.
(b) Zhōngwǔ Jiéhóu Liú Zé (鍾武 節侯 劉 則), Marquis of Zhōngwǔ. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date. He probably had issue:
(i) Liú Shèng (劉 聖). After the defeat of Wang Mang in AD 23 and the restoration of the Han dynasty, Sheng declared himself Emperor with the support of two of Wang Mang's former generals. He was killed by forces of Gēngshǐdì, Sixteenth Han Emperor in AD 23.
(5) Gāochéng Jiéhóu Liú Liáng (高城 節侯 劉 梁), Marquis of Gāochéng. He was Marquis from 65 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Gāochéng Zhìhóu Liú Jǐng (高城 質侯 劉 景), Marquis of Gāochéng. He had issue:
(i) Gāochéng Qǐnghóu Liú Zhūshì (高城 頃侯 劉 諸士), Marquis of Gāochéng. He had issue:
1. Gāochénghóu Liú Féng (高城侯 劉 馮), Marquis of Gāochéng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
b) Ānchéng Sī-hóu Liú Cāng (安城 思侯 劉 蒼), Marquis of Ānchéng. He was made a Marquis in 129 and died in 116. He had issue:
i) Ānchéng Jié-hóu Liú Zìdāng (安城 節侯 劉 自當), Marquis of Ānchéng.
(1) Ānchéng-hóu Liú Shòuguāng (安城侯 劉 壽光), Marquis of Ānchéng. He was charged with incest, deposed as Marquis and imprisoned. He died in prison in 56
c) Yíchūn-hóu Liú Chéng (宜春侯 劉 成), Marquis of Yíchūn. He was made a Marquis in 129 and deposed in 112 for tax evasion.
d) Jùróng-hóu Liú Dǎng (句容 哀侯 劉 黨), Marquis of Jùróng. He was Marquis from 129 until his death in 127.
e) Rónglíng-hóu Liú Fú (容陵侯 劉 福), Marquis of Rónglíng. He was made a Marquis in 129 and deposed for tax evasion in 112.
f) Luling-hóu Liú Tóng (路陵侯 劉 章), Marquis of Luling from in 125 until 121 when he was accused of murder and committed suicide.
g) Yōuyú-hóu Liú Zé (攸輿侯 劉 則), Marquis of Yōuyú from in 125 until 104 when he was executed for seizing a criminal.
h) Túlíng Jié-hóu Liú Xīn (荼陵 節侯 劉 訢), Marquis of Túlíng from in 125 until his death in 115. He had issue:
i) Túlíng Āi-hóu Liú Tāng (荼陵 哀侯 劉 湯), Marquis of Túlíng from 115 until his death in 104, without issue.
i) Jiànchéng-hóu Liú Shí (建成侯 劉 拾), Marquis of Luling from in 125 until 121 when he was accused of murder and committed suicide.
j) Ānzhòng Kāng-hóu Liú Dān (安眾 康侯 劉 丹), Marquis of Ānzhòng from 125 until his death in 105. He had issue:
i) Ānzhòng Jié-hóu Liú Shānfū (安眾 節侯 劉 山柎), Marquis of Ānzhòng. He was Marquis from 105 until his death in 62. He had issue:
(1) Ānzhòng Mù-hóu Liú Wúfáng (安眾 繆侯 劉 毋妨), Marquis of Ānzhòng. He was Marquis from 62 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Ānzhòng Lí-hóu Liú Bāo (安眾 釐侯 劉 褒), Marquis of Ānzhòng. He had issue:
(i) Ānzhòng-hóu Liú Jinqiàn (安眾侯 劉 禁欠), Marquis of Ānzhòng. He had issue:
1. Ānzhòng-hóu Liú Chóng (安眾侯 劉 崇), Marquis of Ānzhòng. In AD 6, he launched a plot against Wang Mang, who was in the process of usurping power from the Han Dynasty. This was discovered and he, and his family, were killed.
(ii) Ānzhòng-hóu Liú Chǒng (安眾侯劉寵), Marquis of Ānzhòng. He was Marquis from AD 26 (as a reward for his nephew's sacrifice) until his death in AD 37. He had issue:
1. Ānzhòng-hóu Liú Sōng (安眾侯劉松), Marquis of Ānzhòng from AD 37 until his death.
k) Yè-hóu Liú Xǐ (葉侯 劉 喜), Marquis of Yè from 125 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
l) Fūyí Jìng-hóu Liú Yì (夫夷 敬侯 劉 義), Marquis of Fūyí from 124 until his death in 112. He had issue:
i) Fūyí Jié-hóu Liú Yǔ (夫夷 節侯 劉 禹), Marquis of Fūyí from 112 until his death in 54. He had issue:
(1) Fūyí Qǐng-hóu Liú Fèngzōng (夫夷 頃侯 劉 奉宗), Marquis of Fūyí. He was Marquis from 54 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Fūyí Lí-hóu Liú Qìng (夫夷 釐侯 劉 慶), Marquis of Fūyí. He had issue:
(i) Fūyí Huái-hóu Liú Fú (夫夷 懷侯 劉 福), Marquis of Fūyí. He had issue:
1. Fūyí-hóu Liú Shāng (夫夷侯 劉 商), Marquis of Fūyí. He was demoted to commoner by the usurper, Wang Mang.
m) Chōnglíng Jié-hóu Liú Mǎi (舂陵 節侯 劉 買), Marquis of Chōnglíng from 124 until his death in 120. On account of his illustrious descendants, he received special commemorative rites from AD 27, confirmed in AD 43, 84 and 125. He had issue:
i) Chōnglíng Dài-hóu Liú Xióngqú (舂陵 戴侯 劉 熊渠), Marquis of Chōnglíng from 120 until his death in 65. He received special commemorative rites from AD 27, confirmed in AD 43, 84 and 125. He had issue:
(1) Chōnglíng Xiào-hóu Liú Rén (舂陵 孝侯 劉 仁), Marquis of Chōnglíng from 65. He found his estate too damp and received permission to relocate in 45. He received special commemorative rites from AD 27, confirmed in AD 43, 84 and 125. He had issue:
(a) Chōnglíng-hóu Liú Chǎng (舂陵侯 劉 敞), Marquis of Chōnglíng. In AD 9, when Wang Mang was usurping control of the Empire, Chǎng was Commandent of Lujiang. He tried to prevent Wang Mang from taking control, but was outmatched and forced to accept the new order. He was demoted to commoner in AD 10, but he maintained his lands, refusing to pay tax throughout Wang Mang's reign. He died in AD 20. He received special commemorative rites from AD 27, confirmed in AD 43, 84 and 125. He had issue:
(i) Chéngyáng Gōng-wáng Liú Jùbó Zhǐ (城陽 恭王 劉 巨伯 祉), King of Chéngyáng. He married a granddaughter of Zhái Fāngjìn (翟 方進), Han Chancellor (15 – 7 BC); she was executed in AD 7 after her granduncle led a revolt against Wang Mang. He married (second) a lady who was executed in AD 23 during a revolt against Wang Mang, which Liú Zhǐ had supported. The revolt was a success and the new Han Emperor, Gengshidi made Liú Zhǐ Superintendent of Ceremonial and Marquis of Chōnglíng. In AD 22 he was appointed King of Dingtao and in AD 26 he switched sides to a second revolting Han Emperor, Guangwudi and was made King of Chengyang. He died in AD 35, leaving a request that his Kingdom be abolished.
1. Jìnglíng-hóu Liú Píng (竟陵侯 劉 平), Marquis of Càiyáng (蔡陽侯) from 37. He was demoted to commoner for communicating with Imperial Princes (Apparently a crime) only to be appointed Marquis of Jìnglíng in 62.
a. Jìnglíng-hóu Liú Zhēn (竟陵侯 劉 真), Marquis of Jìnglíng.
i. Jìnglíng-hóu Liú Yǔ (竟陵侯 劉 禹), Marquis of Jìnglíng.
1: Jìnglíng-hóu Liú Jiā (竟陵侯 劉 嘉), Marquis of Jìnglíng.
2. Gāoxiāng-hóu Liú Jiān (高鄉侯 劉 堅), Marquis of Gāoxiāng from 37.
(b) Yàn-wáng Liú Qìng (燕王 劉 慶), King of Yàn. He succeeded his brother as Marquis of Chōnglíng and was involved in the rebellion which overthrew Wang Mang. The new Emperor Gengshidi raised him to the status of King and he was steadfastly loyal, even as the Red Eyebrow peasant rebels closed in on the Capital. He was killed by mutinying troops in AD 25. He had issue:
(i) Chéngwǔ Xiào-hóu Liú Píngzhòng Shùn (成武 孝侯 劉 平仲 順), Marquis of Chéngwǔ. A childhood friend of the Eighteenth Emperor, he was appointed Administrator of Nanyang in AD 24 (At which point the territory was still outside the Emperor's control). He was made a Marquis in 26 and sent to be Administrator of Liuan in 32, where he died in 35. He had issue:
1. Chéngwǔ-hóu Liú Zūn (成武侯 劉 遵), Marquis of Chéngwǔ. He had issue:
a. Chéngwǔ-hóu Liú Yǎn (成武侯 劉 弇), Marquis of Chéngwǔ.
(c) Liú Hóng Rúsūn (劉 弘 孺孫). He was one of the first people to join the rebellion against Wang Mang in AD 23, which would eventually restore the Han Dynasty. He was also one of that rebellion's first fatalities. He married Fán (樊) and had issue:
(i) Gānlǐ-hóu Liú Mǐn (甘裏侯 劉 敏), Marquis of Gānlǐ
(ii) Yìyáng-hóu Liú Guó (弋陽侯 劉 國), Marquis of Yìyáng
(d) Liú Liáng (劉 梁), the first Chief General of the AD 23 rebellion against Wang Mang, he died of fever a few months into the rebellion.
(e) Liú Xiàn Wēngjūn (劉 憲 翁君). He had issue:
(i) Shùnyáng Huái-hóu Liú Jiā Sūn (順陽 懷侯 劉 嘉 孫), Marquis of Shùnyáng. He joined the revolt of his cousin against the usurper Wang Mang in AD 22, which successfully restored the Han Dynasty. In 23 Gēngshǐdì, Sixteenth Emperor made him a Detached General and Marquis of Xīngdé (興德侯). Shortly after he became King of Hànzhōng (漢中王), setting himself up as an independent ruler, only to be driven out of his Kingdom by rebels in AD 26. He fled, but subsequently faced and defeated a force of 180,000 Red Eyebrow Rebels. Even so, he saw that he would not be able to defeat the forces of the Eighteenth Emperor, and elected to join him instead. In 27 he became Administrator of Qiansheng, in 37 he became Marquis of Shùnyáng. He died in 39.
1. Nánxiāng-hóu Liú Cēn (南鄉侯 劉 參), Marquis of Shùnyáng, later demoted to Marquis of Nánxiāng. He was a Gentleman of the Yellow Gates.
a. Nánxiāng-hóu Liú Xún (南鄉侯 劉 循), Marquis of Nánxiāng
i. Nánxiāng-hóu Liú Zhāng (南鄉侯 劉 章), Marquis of Nánxiāng.
2. Huánglǐ-hóu Liú Qiáng (黃李侯 劉 廧), Marquis of Huánglǐ from 37.
(2) Liú Lì (劉 利). Administrator of Cangwu. He had issue:
(a) Liú Zǐzhāng (劉 子張). He married a lady of the Hé (何) family. In AD 10 he killed an official who drunkenly insulted him, which escalated into a massive feud. Arrested in in 20, he sought dispensation to attend his son's (fake) funeral, which was granted and thereby escaped. He had issue:
(i) A son, who was executed by officials of Wang Mang's regime.
(iii) Hàn Gēngshǐ-huángdì Liú Xuán Shènggōng (漢 更始皇帝 劉 玄 聖公), Sixteenth Emperor of Han (see below)
(iv) Liú Xiān (劉 鶱), killed in AD 20 by the son of an official who had been murdered by his own father. Seeking vengeance for this, his brother Gēngshǐdì, the future Sixteenth Emperor, became an outlaw. He might be a different version of the eldest son.
(b) A son, who had issue:
(i) Liú Xiǎn (劉 顯), who in AD 20 set out to avenge his cousin Liú Xiān (劉 鶱) only to kill innocent bystanders, be arrested and executed. He had issue:
1. Rǔyīn-hóu Liú Xìn (汝陰侯 劉 信), who joined the rebellion against Wang Mang in AD 22, which aimed to revive the Han dynasty. In 23 he was made a General and the rebellion was soon successful, placing his cousin Gēngshǐdì on the throne as the Sixteenth Emperor. In 24 he was appointed King of Rǔyīn (汝陰王), but he was defeated by a local warlord when he tried to take control of his fief and his cousin was deposed shortly thereafter. He was demoted to Marquis, but lived well until 70 when he was implicated in witchcraft and demoted to commoner.
(ii) Ānchéng Xiào-hóu Liú Cì Zǐqín (安城 孝侯 劉 賜 子琴), Marquis of Ānchéng. He killed the officials who had executed his elder brother and became an outlaw. In AD 22 he joined Liu Bóshēng’s rebellion against the usurper Wang Mang. The pretender Emperor, Gèngshĭdì, his cousin, made Liú Cì a Marquis and Superintendent of the Palace. In the same year, he succeeded Bóshēng (who had been assassinated) as the rebellion's Grand Minister of the Masses. After the capture of Luoyang, still in the same year, Liú Cì led the pacification of Wang Mang’s holdout forces in the North. Returning triumphant to the capital he was made Chancellor and Rear Grand Marshal and sent to repair the Capital, Chángān. He was rewarded with the title of King of Wǎn (宛王). After Gèngshĭdì’s death in AD 24, he defended Nanyang from the Red Eyebrow rebel forces and submitted to Guāngwǔdì, the Eighteenth Emperor, in 25. He was a favoured advisor of the Emperor until his death in 52.
1. Ānchéng-hóu Liú Mǐn (安城侯 劉 閔), Marquis of Ānchéng
a. Báiniú-hóu Liú Shāng (白牛侯 劉 商), demoted from Marquis of Ancheng to Marquis of Báiniú in the 70s as a result of his uncle's involvement in a conspiracy.
i. Báiniú-hóu Liú Chāng (白牛侯 劉 昌), Marquis of Báiniú.
2. Báiniú-hóu Liú Sōng (白牛侯 劉 嵩), Marquis of Báiniú from 54, he was demoted to commoner in the 70s for involvment in the King of Chu's paranormal conspiracy.
ii) Liú Wài (劉 外), Governor of Yùlín. He received special commemorative rites from AD 27, confirmed in AD 43, 84 and 125. He had issue:
(1) Liú Huí (劉 回), Commandent of Jùlù. He received special commemorative rites from AD 27, confirmed in AD 43, 84 and 125. He had issue
(a) Liú Qīn (劉 欽), Nándùn County Magistrate. He married Fán Xiándū (樊 嫺都), from a noble family of Nanyang County, she died in 22. He died in AD 7, receiving special commemorative rites from AD 27. He had issue:
(i) Liú Yǐn Bóshēng (劉 縯 伯升), almost always referred to by his style name Bóshēng. Raised by his uncle, he was a very minor member of the Imperial clan. In AD 9, the Regent Wang Mang abolished the Han Dynasty, declared himself Emperor and demoted the Liú family to commoners. Most of the Liú family accepted this quite passively. But Wang Mang’s reign proved a disaster and it personally rankled Liú Bóshēng. In 22 he gathered a force and led a rebellion, styling himself Chief of Companies and Pillar of Heaven. He attacked Nanyang, was defeated, advanced again and was more successful, defeating the local forces and placing Nanyang under siege. Liú Bóshēng’s rebels then acclaimed one of his cousins, Gengshidi, as their Emperor. Gengshidi made Liú Bóshēng Marquis of Hànxìn (漢信侯) and Grand Minister of the Masses and his forces soon after captured Nanyang from the forces of Wang Mang. Successes continued; but Gengshidi began to fear Liú Bóshēng and had him executed shortly before his forces captured the Capital and restored the Han Dynasty. Gengshidi did not last long; his successor was Liú Bóshēng’s younger brother, who honoured him with the posthumous title of Qí Wǔ-wáng (齊 武王), Martial King of Qi.
1. Qí Āi-wáng Liú Zhāng (齊 哀王 劉 章), Mourned King of Qí, originally made King of Tàiyuán (太原王) in AD 26, he was transferred to Qí in 35, then demoted to Duke in 37. He was restored as King in 43 and appointed nominal Administrator of Liang. He died in 46, but had issue:
a. Qí Yáng-wáng Liú Shí (齊 煬王 劉 石), Molten King of Qí from 46 until his death in 70. He had issue:
i. Qí-wáng Liú Huǎng (齊王 劉 晃), King of Qí from 70 until 87, when he was demoted to Marquis for lying in a family squabble. He died shortly therafter.
1: Qí Huì-wáng Liú Wújì (齊 惠王 無忌), Kind King of Qí from 90, pursuant to the Twentieth Emperor's dying wish. He died in 141.
a: Qí Qǐng-wáng Liú Xǐ (齊 頃王 劉 喜), King of Qí from 141 until his death in 146.
i: Qí-wáng Liú Chéng (齊王 劉 承), King of Qí from 146. The kingdom was abolished in 206 (probably after his death)
ii. Liú Gāng (劉 剛). Appointed a District Marquis, he was exiled in 87 for lying in a family squabble. In 88 he was falsely accused of his younger brother's murder, by the Dou Clan but he was ultimately cleared of blame.
iii. Liú Chàng (劉 暢) who became a District Marquis after 70. In 88 he became a very close favourite of the Dou Dowager Empress. The Dou Clan grew nervous of his influence over her and had him murdered.
b. Xiàbó-hóu Liú Zhāng (下博侯 劉 張), Marquis of Rǔyīn. An expert on the northern barbarians, he was appointed Commandant of Cavalry on the expedition of 74, which inflicted a crushing defeat on the Xiongnu at Pulei Lake and restored Chinese control in Central Asia. Later, however, he was slandered and demoted to commoner. He died in 80.
i. Xiàbó-hóu Liú Tuōrén (下博侯 劉 它人), Marquis of Xiàbó, this Marquisate was restored after it was realised that his father had been mistreated.
2. Lǔ-wáng Liú Xīng (魯王 劉 興), King of Lǔ from 26, he was demoted to Duke in 37, but returned to Royal status in 43. He also was County Magistrate of Henan, Administrator of Hongnong and Servant at Court. He was sent to his fief in 51 and shifted to be King of Běihǎi (北海王) in 52. He died in 64 and there was a minor incident when his will left pieces of royal regalia to his sons who were only Marquises.
a. Běihǎi Jìng-wáng Liú Mù (北海 敬王 劉 睦), King of Běihǎi from 64. As a child he was precocious, and his greatuncle, Eighteenth Emperor, used to allow him to attend the imperial court and selected as one of the special companions of the heir, future Nineteenth Emperor. Under the Nineteenth Emperor, he maintained a low profile, devoting himself to study and calligraphy. He was the author of several works (all of which are now lost).
i. Běihǎi Āi-wáng Liú Jī (北海 哀王 劉 基), King of Běihǎi from 74 until his death in 87.
ii. Píngwàng-hóu Liú Yì (平望侯 劉 毅), Marquis of Píngwàng from 77 until demoted in 90. A noted scholar, he authored the Discussion of Virtuous Men of Han and the Discussion of the Laws as well as being involved in updating the official dynastic history.
iii. Běihǎi-wáng Liú Wēi (北海王 劉 威), King of Běihǎi. He was Marquis of Zhēn County (斟鄉侯) from 75 until 90 when he was given the abeyant Kingdom of Běihǎi, which he held until 96 when he was convicted of slandering the Emperor and committed suicide.
iv – vi. Three sons, who received Marquisates. One of these had issue:
1: Běihǎi Qǐng-wáng Liú Pǔ (北海 頃王 劉 普), King of Běihǎi, originally Marquis of Shòuguāng (壽光侯), he was promoted to royal status in 107. He died in 123.
a: Běihǎi Gōng-wáng Liú Yì (北海 恭王 劉 翼), King of Běihǎi from 123 until his death in 137.
i: Běihǎi Kāng-wáng Liú (北海 康王 劉), King of Běihǎi from 137. The kingdom was abolished in 206.
b. Línyì-hóu Liú Fù (臨邑侯 劉 復), Marquis of Línyì, from 54. He was a respected scholar, worked on the dynastic history and wrote songs praising virtuous men.
c – d. Two sons, who were appointed County Marquises in 57
(ii) A son.
(iii) Hàn Shìzǔ Guāngwǔ-huángdì Liú Xiù Wénshū (漢 世祖 光武皇帝 劉 秀 文叔), Eighteenth Emperor of Han (see below)
(i) Húyáng-chánggōngzhǔ Liú Huáng (湖陽長公主 劉 黃), Senior Princess of Húyáng from AD 26. She married Hú Zhēn (胡 珍), a Commander of Cavalry, but he died shortly after. Aspiring to marry one of her brother's ministers, she was rebuffed and, eventually, had to make do with illicit affairs. Her favourite slave was executed in front of her for murder in 40 by the City Prefect; she was unable to get him punished.
(ii) Liú Yuán (劉 元). She accompanied her brother Liu Bóshēng during his revolt against the usurper Wang Mang in AD 22. When he had to flee after a defeat she refused to slow him down by following him and was probably killed. She was posthumously made Senior Princess of Xīnyě (新野長公主). She married Dèng Wěiqīng Chén (鄧 偉卿 晨), who was also involved in the restoration of the Han Dynasty. He became a Detached General for Gēngshǐdì, the Sixteenth Emperor, but deserted him in favour of his brother-in-law, Eighteenth Emperor Guāngwǔ, who made him Governor of Changshan and later of Runan.
(iii) Níngpíng-chánggōngzhǔ Liú Bójī (寧平長公主 劉 伯姬), Senior Princess of Níngpíng. During the revolt to overthrow Wang Mang, she was trapped in the city of Xiao-Changan; her brother, the future Eighteenth Emperor, rescued her personally. She married Lǐ Tōng Cìyuán (李 通 次元), the man who had initiated the rebellion against Wang Mang. He was prominent within that rebellion, and in AD 25 became the Eighteenth Emperor's Minister of the Guards. In 26 he became Marquis and Minister of Finance. On several occassions he was left in charge of the Capital while the Emperor was on campaign. In 30, as Rear General, he was sent on a successful expedition to Hanzhong. He tried to retire thereafter, but was considered too essential and instead was promoted to Grand Minister over the Masses. He repeatedly attempted to resign, and was finally permitted to do so in 36, with the title of Specially Advanced. He died in 42 and the Emperor himself accompanied the funeral procession. He had issue:
1. Gùshǐ-hóu Lǐ Yīn (固始侯 李 音), Marquis of Gùshǐ from 42.
a. Gùshǐ-hóu Lǐ Dìng (固始侯 李 定), Marquis of Gùshǐ
i. Gùshǐ-hóu Lǐ Huáng (固始侯 李 黃), Marquis of Gùshǐ
1: Gùshǐ-hóu Lǐ Shòu (固始侯 李 壽), Marquis of Gùshǐ
2. Zhàolíng-hóu Lǐ Xióng (召陵侯 李 雄), Marquis of Zhàolíng from 39.
(b) Zhào Xiào-wáng Liú Liáng Zìbó (趙 孝王 劉 良 次伯), Xiao County Magistrate. He took in the children of his older brother, and raised them. He accompanied Liú Bóshēng’s army during the rebellion against the usurper Wang Mang. With the Han Dynasty restored in 23, he was given the rank of Thrice Venerable. When his nephew came to the throne in 26, he was made King of Guǎngyáng, transferred to be King of Zhào in 29 and demoted to Duke of Zhào in 37. He died in 40.
(i-ii) Two sons, who died at Xiao-Chang’an during the rebellion against Wang Mang.
(iii) Zhào Jié-wáng Liú Xǔ (趙 節王 劉 栩), King of Zhao. He succeeded as Duke of Zhao in 41 and was promoted to King in 43. He died in 81, but had issue:
1. Zhào Qǐng-wáng Liú Shāng (趙 頃王 劉 商), King of Zhào from 81 until his death in 104. He once tried to avoid an illness by moving into a government office. He had issue:
a. Zhào Jìng-wáng Liú Hóng (趙 靖王 劉 宏), King of Zhào from 104 until his death in 116.
i. Zhào Huì-wáng Liú Qián (趙 惠王 劉 乾), King of Zhào from 116. He was punished in 118 for taking concubines and partying during the mourning period for his father. On one occasion he killed a slave to cover up his own misdeeds. He was eventually reformed by a diligent tutor, and was rewarded. He died in 164, but had issue:
1: Zhào Huái-wáng Liú Yù (趙 懷王 劉 豫), King of Zhào from 164 until his death.
a: Zhào Xiàn-wáng Liú Shè (趙 獻王 劉 赦), King of Zhào until his death in 211.
i: Chóngdé-hóu Liú Guī (崇德侯 劉 珪), King of Zhào from 211. In 213 his territory was given to Cao Cao, who had taken over government of the Empire, and he was made King of Bólíng (博陵王) instead. With the abolition of the Han Dynasty in 220, he was demoted to Marquis who Honours Virtue (Chóngdé-hóu).
2: A son, who became a Village Marquis in 146.
ii – iii. Two sons, who became Village Marquises
b – e. Four sons who became Village Marquises
2. Xiāng-hóu Liú (鄉侯劉), Marquis of Xiāng. He became a Marquis in 55.
3-13. Sons
(a) a daughter, who married Lái Zhòng (來 仲), Chief of Admonishments for the Thirteenth Emperor, Āidì. He had issue:
(i) Lái Jūnshū Xī (來 君叔 歙). Owing to his cousin's rebellion against Wang Mang in 22, he was arrested, but escaped to join the rebellion. He was involved in the confused fighting that followed that rebellion's success, becoming a follower of Guāngwǔdì, the Eighteenth Emperor, and serving as a envoy to the various warlords of China. He led an expedition against Gongsun Shu (公孫述), warlord in the southwest in 33, which was very successful and the next year crushed Wei Xiao (隗 囂), warlord of the northwest. During another successful campaign against Gongsun Shu in 35 he was stabbed to death by a rebel spy. He was posthumously appointed Marquis of Zhēngqiāng (征羌侯) and had issue:
1. Zhēngqiāng-hóu Lái Bāo (征羌侯 來 褒), Marquis of Zhēngqiāng from 35. He had issue:
a. Lái Léng (來 棱), a Gentleman of the Yellow Gates. He married Wǔān-chánggōngzhǔ Liú Huì (武安長公主 劉 惠), Senior Princess of Wǔān, a daughter of the Nineteenth Emperor of Han. He predeceased his father, but had issue (see below)
2. Yíxī-hóu Lái Yóu (宜西侯 來 由), Marquis of Yíxī from 37 until his death.
n) Dūliáng Jìng-hóu Liú Dìng (都梁 敬侯 劉 定), Marquis of Dūliáng. He was Marquis from 124 until his death in 116. He had issue:
i) Dūliáng Qǐng-hóu Liú Xī (都梁 頃侯 劉 傒), Marquis of Dūliáng. He was Marquis from 116 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Dūliáng Jié-hóu Liú Hóng (都梁 節侯 劉 弘), Marquis of Dūliáng. He had issue:
(a) Dūliáng Yuán-hóu Liú Shùnhuái (都梁 原侯 劉 順懷) , Marquis of Dūliáng. He had issue:
(i) Dūliáng Yáng-hóu Liú Róng (都梁 煬侯 劉 容) , Marquis of Dūliáng. He had issue:
1. Dūliáng-hóu Liú Tuórén (都梁侯 劉 佗人), Marquis of Dūliáng. He was demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang.
o) Táoyáng Jìng-hóu Liú Shòuyàn (洮陽 靖侯 劉 狩燕), Marquis of Táoyáng from 124 until his death in 119.
p) Quánlíng Jié-hóu Liú Xián (泉陵 節侯 劉 賢), Marquis of Quánlíng from 124 until his death in 70. He had issue:
i) Quánlíng Dài-hóu Liú Zhēndìng (泉陵 戴侯 劉 真定), Marquis of Quánlíng from 70 until his death in 49. He had issue:
(1) Quánlíng Qǐng-hóu Liú Qìng (泉陵 頃侯 劉 慶), Marquis of Quánlíng from 49 until his death. In AD 5, submitted a memorial arguing that Wang Mang, should act as Regent for the infant Píngdì, Fourteenth Emperor. In a way, then, he was responsible for a major step in Wang Mang's usurpation of power from the Han Dynasty.He had issue:
(a) Quánlíng-hóu Liú Gú (泉陵 侯 劉 骨), Marquis of Quánlíng. He was demoted to commoner by the usurper, Wang Mang.
11) Guǎngchuān Huì-wáng Liú Yuè (廣川 惠王 劉 越), King of Guǎngchuān (son of Wang). He became king in 148 and may have written a collection of fu & pian poems. He died in 136. He had issue:
a) Guǎngchuān Mù-wáng Liú Qí (廣川 繆王 劉 齊), King of Guǎngchuān. He became king in 136. In 91 he became involved in a conflict with his own officials in which both parties found themselves liable for perjury. Worried that he would lose his kingdom, he asked to be allowed to join a campaign against the Xiongnu nomads, but he died before he could go. The charges were still live, so the kingdom was abolished.
i) Guǎngchuān-wáng Liú Qù (廣川王 劉 去), King of Guǎngchuān. His father’s kingdom was abolished in 91, but it was restored for Qu. He was exceptionally cruel and vindictive and, also, deeply suspicious of his womenfolk. He took as a concubine (first) Wáng Zhāoping (王 昭平), she was accused, by his wife, of plotting to kill her and under acupuncture torture (apparently a thing!), she confessed and his wife killed her and all witnesses to the murder; subsequently she had the corpse burnt to prevent her angry ghost from getting revenge. He took as a concubine (second) Wáng Dìyú (王 地餘), she was tortured, forced to confess, murdered and her corpse desecrated at the same time as the first concubine. He married Yángchéng Zhāoxìn (陽城 昭信), who nursed him when he was sick and thus was made his queen; intensely jealous, she ensured the violent deaths of all of his other consorts. He took as a concubine (third) Táo Wàngqīng (陶 望卿), Mistress of the Silks for Guǎngchuān; she was accused of infidelity, beaten, committed suicide, had her corpse mutilated and her sister executed. He took as a concubine (fourth) Míngzhēn-fūrén Cuī Xiūchéng (明貞夫人 崔 脩成), Guǎngchuān Custodian of the Women’s Quarters, she was framed and fired by the Queen. He took as a concubine (fifth) Róng Ài (榮 愛); she was accused of infidelity, unsuccessfully attempted suicide and was tortured to death. Eventually, the truth of these murders leaked out and the king and his queen were convicted of gross impropriety. In 71 he was stripped of his titles, exiled to Shangyong and his kingdom abolished. He soon committed suicide. His queen was executed.
ii) Guǎngchuān Dài-wáng Liú Wén (廣川 戴王 劉 文), King of Guǎngchuān. He became king of the restored kingdom of Guǎngchuān in 66. He died in 64, but had issue:
(1) Guǎngchuān-wáng Liú Hǎiyáng (廣川王 劉 海陽), King of Guǎngchuān. He became king in 64 and was deposed in 50 and exiled to Fangling for commissioning erotic paintings, having too many orgies too openly, and plotting a murder with his cousin. His kingdom was abolished.
(2) Xīliáng Jié-hóu Liú Pìbīng (西梁 節侯 劉 闢兵), Marquis of Xīliáng from 58 until his death in 51. He had issue:
(a) Xīliáng Xiào-hóu Liú Guǎng (西梁 孝侯 劉 廣), Marquis of Xīliáng from 51 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Xīliáng Āi-hóu Liú Gōng (西梁 哀侯 劉 宮), Marquis of Xīliáng. He had issue:
1. Xīliáng-hóu Liú Chǎng (西梁侯 劉 敞), Marquis of Xīliáng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
iii) Gānjǐng-hóu Liú Guāng (甘井侯 劉 光), Marquis of Gānjǐng.
iv) Xiāngdī-hóu Liú Shèng (襄隄侯 劉 聖), Marquis of Xiāngdī. He was made a Marquis in 116 and demoted to commoner in 66 for tax evasion.
v) Xīnshì Kāng-hóu Liú Jí (新市 康侯 劉 吉), Marquis of Xīnshì. He was Marquis from 76 until his death in 51. He had issue:
(1) Xīnshì Qǐng-hóu Liú Yì (新市 頃侯 劉 義), Marquis of Xīnshì. He was Marquis from 51 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Xīnshì-hóu Liú Qīn (新市侯 劉 欽), Marquis of Xīnshì.
vi) Dōngxiāng Ài-hóu Liú Kuān (東襄 愛侯 劉 寬), Marquis of Dōngxiāng. He was Marquis from 71 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Dōngxiāng-hóu Liú Shǐqīn (東襄侯 劉 使親), Marquis of Dōngxiāng. He died childless in 38.
vii) Lèxìn Qǐng-hóu Liú Qiang (樂信 頃 侯劉 強), Marquis of Lèxìn from 59 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Lèxìn Xiào-hóu Liú Hé (樂信 孝侯 劉 何), Marquis of Lèxìn. He had issue:
(a) Lèxìn Jié-hóu Liú Hè (樂信 節侯 劉 賀), Marquis of Lèxìn. He had issue:
(i) Lèxìn-hóu Liú Shè (樂信侯 劉 涉), Marquis of Lèxìn.
viii) Chāngchéng Jié-hóu Liú Yuán (昌成 節侯 劉 元), Marquis of Chāngchéng from 59 until his death in 55. He had issue:
(1) Chāngchéng Qǐng-hóu Liú Chǐ (昌成 頃侯 劉 齒), Marquis of Chāngchéng. He was Marquis from 55 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Chāngchéng Lí-hóu Liú Yīng (昌成 釐侯 劉 應), Marquis of Chāngchéng. He had issue:
(i) Chāngchéng Zhì-hóu Liú Jiāng (昌成 質侯劉 江), Marquis of Chāngchéng. He died childless in 4 BC.
ix) Lìxiāng Kāng-hóu Liú Bìshèng (歷鄉 康侯 劉 必勝), Marquis of Lìxiāng. He became Marquis in 58 and died in 53. He had issue:
(1) Lìxiāng Qǐng-hóu Liú Chángshòu (歷鄉 頃侯 劉 長壽), Marquis of Lìxiāng. He was Marquis from 53 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Lìxiāng Mù-hóu Liú Gōng (歷鄉 繆侯 劉 宮), Marquis of Lìxiāng. He had issue:
(i) Lìxiāng-hóu Liú Dōngzhī (歷鄉侯 劉 東之), Marquis of Lìxiāng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
x) Wǔtáo Jié-hóu Liú Zhāo (武陶 節侯 劉 朝), Marquis of Wǔtáo from 57 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Wǔtáo Xiào-hóu Liú Hóng (武陶 孝侯 劉 弘), Marquis of Wǔtáo. He had issue:
(a) Wǔtáo Jié-hóu Liú Xūn (武陶 節侯 劉 勳), Marquis of Wǔtáo. He had issue:
(i) Wǔtáo-hóu Liú Jīng (武陶侯 劉 京), Marquis of Wǔtáo.
xi) Táo Yáng-hóu Liú Liáng (桃 煬 侯劉 良), Marquis of Táo from 48 until his death. He had issue:
(1) Táo Gòng-hóu Liú Chǎng (桃共 侯劉 敞), Marquis of Táo. He had issue:
(a) Táo-hóu Liú Gǒu (桃侯 劉 狗), Marquis of Táo. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
xii) A son, who had issue:
(1) Liú Tiao (劉 調) He gave asylum to criminals and colluded with his cousin, Liú Hǎiyáng, King of Guǎngchuān to murder someone; as a result the King was deposed. Presumably Liú Tiao was executed.
b) Púlǐng-hóu Liú Jiā (蒲領侯 劉 嘉), Marquis of Púlǐng from 126. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
c) Xīxióng-hóu Liú Míng (西熊侯 劉 明), Marquis of Xīxióng from 126 until his death.
d) Zǎoqiǎng-hóu Liú Yàn (棗彊侯 劉 晏), Marquis of Zǎoqiǎng from 126 until his death.
e) Bìliáng-hóu Liú Yīng (畢梁侯 劉 嬰), Marquis of Bìliáng from 126 until 120 when he was demoted to commoner and sentenced to hard labour for harbouring criminals.
f) Cēnzōng-hóu Liú Zé (參鬷侯 劉 則), Marquis of Cēnzōng. He was demoted to commoner in 112 for tax evasion.
g) Yílíng-hóu Liú Xǐ (沂陵侯 劉 喜), Marquis of Yílíng. He was demoted to commoner in 112 for tax evasion.
12) Jiāodōng Kāng-wáng Liú Jì (膠東 康王 劉 寄), King of Jiāodōng. He became king in 148. He was exceedingly loyal to Wǔdì, the Seventh Emperor, secretly working to prevent a rebellion by the Heir apparent in 120. He was believed to be a candidate to succeed Wǔdì in 87, but was ultimatly passed over in favour of an infant son. He married the sister of Dīng Yì (丁義), Marquis of Lechang. He died in 120, but had issue:
a) Jiāodōng Āi-wáng Liú Xián (膠東 哀王 劉賢), King of Jiāodōng. He became king in 120 and died in 106. He had issue:
i) Jiāodōng Dài-wáng Liú Tōngpíng (膠東 戴王 劉 通平), King of Jiāodōng. He became king in 106 and died in 82. He had issue:
(1) Jiāodōng Qǐng-wáng Liú Yīn (膠東 頃王 劉 音), King of Jiāodōng. He became king in 82 and died in 28. He had issue:
(a) Jiāodōng Gōng-wáng Liú Shòu (膠東 恭王 劉 授), King of Jiāodōng. He became king in 28 and died in 14 BC. He had issue:
(i) Fúchóng-gōng Liú Yīn (扶崇公 劉 殷), Duke of Fúchóng. He became King of Jiāodōng in 14 BC. He was demoted to Duke of Fuchong in AD 9 by Wang Mang, who was in the process of seizing power from the Han Dynasty. He refused to assist in his brother’s rebellion against Wang Mang, and thus received a larger estate in the short term. In the long term, though, the Han Dynasty was restored and it deprived him of his lands and titles as punishment for his disloyalty.
(ii) Língshí-hóu Liú Qìng (陵石侯 劉 慶), Marquis of Língshí from 19 BC until he was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
(iii) Línān-hóu Liú Mǐn (臨安侯 劉 閔), Marquis of Línān from 13 BC until AD 9 when he was demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang.
(iv) Xúxiāng-hóu Liú Kuài (徐鄉侯 劉 快), Marquis of Xúxiāng from 12 BC. In AD 9 he rebelled against the usurper Wang Mang, attacking the city of Jimo. He had hoped for the support of his brother, Liú Yīn, Duke of Fúchóng, but his brother chose to fight for Wang Mang instead and defeated him in battle. Liú Kuài died as he fled.
(v) Tángxiāng Āi-hóu Liú Huī (堂鄉 哀侯 劉 恢), Marquis of Tángxiāng from AD 1 until AD 9 when he was demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang.
(b) Yángshí Qǐng-hóu Liú Huí (羊石 頃侯 劉 回), Marquis of Yángshí from 41 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Yángshí Gòng-hóu Liú Chéng (羊石 共侯 劉 成), Marquis of Yángshí. He had issue:
1. Yángshí-hóu Liú Shùn (羊石侯 劉 順), Marquis of Yángshí. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
(c) Shíxiāng Yáng-hóu Liú Lǐ (石鄉 煬侯 劉 理), Marquis of Shíxiāng from 41 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Shíxiāng-hóu Liú Jiànguó (石鄉侯 劉 建國), Marquis of Shíxiāng.
(d) Xīnchéng Jié-hóu Liú Gēn (新城 節侯 劉 根), Marquis of Xīnchéng. He was Marquis from 41 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Xīnchéng-hóu Liú Bà (新城侯 劉 霸), Marquis of Xīnchéng. He was demoted to commoner for an unknown reason.
(e) Shàngxiāng-hóu Liú Xī (上鄉侯 劉 歙), Marquis of Shàngxiāng from 41 until 2 BC when he was demoted to commoner.
(f) Chāngxiāng-hóu Liú Xiàn (昌鄉侯 劉 憲), Marquis of Shàngxiāng from 31 until 1 BC when he was demoted to commoner for delegating his duties to a servant.
(g) Shùnyáng-hóu Liú Gòng (順陽侯 劉 共), Marquis of Shùnyáng. He was Marquis from 32 until demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang in AD 9.
(h) Yánglè-hóu Liú Huò (樂陽侯 劉 獲), Marquis of Yánglè from 31 until demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang in AD 9.
(i) Píngchéng Lí-hóu Liú Yì (平城 釐侯 劉 邑), Marquis of Píngchéng from 31 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Píngchéng Jié-hóu Liú Zhēn (平城 節侯 劉 珍), Marquis of Píngchéng. He had issue:
1. Píngchéng-hóu Liú Lǐ (平城侯 劉 理), Marquis of Píngchéng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
(j) Mìxiāng Qǐng-hóu Liú Lín (密鄉 頃侯 劉 林), Marquis of Mìxiāng from 31 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Mìxiāng Xiào-hóu Liú Qīn (密鄉 孝侯 劉 欽), Marquis of Mìxiāng. He had issue:
1. Mìxiāng-hóu Liú Chǎng (密鄉侯 劉 敞), Marquis of Mìxiāng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
(k) Lèdū Yáng-hóu Liú Xīn (樂都 煬侯 劉 訢), Marquis of Lèdū from 31 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Lèdū Mù-hóu Liú Lín (樂都 繆侯 劉 臨), Marquis of Lèdū. He had issue:
1. Lèdū-hóu Liú Yánnián (樂都侯 劉 延年), Marquis of Lèdū.
(2) Lèwàng Xiào-hóu Liú Guāng (樂望 孝侯 劉 光), Marquis of Lèwàng. He was Marquis from 66 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Lèwàng Lí-hóu Liú Lín (樂望 釐侯 劉 林) Marquis of Lèwàng. He had issue:
(i) Lèwàng-hóu Liú Qǐ (樂望侯 劉 起), Marquis of Lèwàng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
(3) Ráo Kāng-hóu Liú Chéng (饒康侯 劉 成), Marquis of Ráo. He was Marquis from 66 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Ráo-hóu Liú Xīn (饒侯 劉 新), Marquis of Ráo. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
(4) Liǔquán Jié-hóu Liú Qiang (柳泉 節侯 劉 強), Marquis of Liǔquán from 66 until his death in 49. He had issue:
(a) Liǔquán Xiào-hóu Liú Jiàn (柳泉 孝侯 劉 建), Marquis of Liǔquán from 49 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Liǔquán Yáng-hóu Liú Wànnián (柳泉 煬侯 劉 萬年), Marquis of Liǔquán. He had issue:
1. Liǔquán-hóu Liú Yǒngchāng (柳泉侯 劉 永昌), Marquis of Liǔquán.He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
(5) Hùbù-hóu Liú Yǎn (戶部侯 劉 偃), Marquis of Hùbù. He was Marquis of Xīnlì (新利) from 61 until he was demoted to commoner in 50 for submitting a false report to the Imperial court. He was made Marquis of Hùbù, but submitted another false report and was demoted again in 30.
ii) Wēnshuǐ-hóu Liú Ānguó (溫水侯 劉 安國), Marquis of Wēnshuǐ. He became a Marquis in 82 and was stripped of his title in 72 for writing an offensive report.
b) Lùān Gōng-wáng Liú Qìng (六安 恭王 劉 慶), King of Lùān. He was his father’s favourite to succeed him as King of Jiāodōng, but he was not the oldest child. On his father’s death, the Seventh Emperor, Wǔdì, recognised the rights of the eldest, but granted a new kingdom for Qing. He died in 83, but had issue:
i) Lùān Yí-wáng Liú Lù (六安 夷王 劉 祿), King of Lùān. He became king in 83 and died in 73. He had issue:
(1) Lùān Mù-wáng Liú Dìng (六安 繆王 劉 定), King of Lùān. He became king in 73 and died in 50. He had issue:
(a) Lùān Qǐng-wáng Liú Guāng (六安 頃王 劉 光), King of Lùān. He became king in 50 and died in 23. He had issue:
(i) Liú Yù (劉 育). He became King of Luan in 23, but was demoted to Duke by Wang Mang, who was in the process of seizing power from the Han Dynasty. Later he was demoted to a commoner.
(ii) Yōngxiāng-hóu Liú Zǎi (庸鄉侯 劉 宰), Marquis of Yōngxiāng from 10 BC until he was demoted to commoner in AD 5.
(b) Bóxiāng Jié-hóu Liú Jiāo (博鄉 節侯 劉 交), Marquis of Bóxiāng from 33 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Bóxiāng-hóu Liú Jiù (博鄉侯 劉 就), Marquis of Bóxiāng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
(2) Fùyáng-hóu Liú Cì (富陽侯 劉 賜), Marquis of Fùyáng. He was Marquis from 64 until 36 when he was demoted to commoner for mishandling paperwork.
ii) Sōngzī Dài-hóu Liú Bà (松茲 戴侯 劉 霸), Marquis of Sōngzī. He became Marquis in 82 and died in 60. He had issue:
(1) Sōngzī Gòng-hóu Liú Shǐ (松茲 共侯 劉 始), Marquis of Sōngzī. He was Marquis from 60 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Sōngzī Qǐng-hóu Liú Jī (松茲 頃侯 劉 緁), Marquis of Sōngzī. He had issue:
(i) Sōngzī-hóu Liú Jūn (松茲侯 劉 均), Marquis of Sōngzī. He was demoted to commoner by the usurper, Wang Mang, around 10 BC.
c) Gāoyú Yánghóu Liú Jiàn (皋虞 煬侯 劉 建), Marquis of Gāoyú. He became Marquis in 110 and died in 101. He had issue:
i) Gāoyú-hóu Liú Dìng (皋虞侯 劉 定), Marquis of Gāoyú. He became Marquis in 101 and died in 72. He had issue:
(1) Gāoyú Jié-hóu Liú Póu (皋虞 節侯 劉 裒), Marquis of Gāoyú. He was Marquis from 72 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Gāoyú Lí-hóu Liú Xūn (皋虞 釐侯 劉 勳), Marquis of Gāoyú. He had issue:
(i) Gāoyú Sòng-hóu Liú Xiǎn (皋虞 頌侯 劉 顯), Marquis of Gāoyú. He had issue:
1. Gāoyú-hóu Liú Lè (皋虞侯 劉 樂), Marquis of Gāoyú. He was demoted to a commoner by the usurper Wang Mang around 10 BC.
d) Wèiqí Yáng-hóu Liú Chāng (魏其 煬侯 劉 昌), Marquis of Wèiqí. He became Marquis in 110 and died in 94. He had issue:
i) Wèiqí Yuán-hóu Liú Fùguāng (魏其 原侯 劉 傅光), Marquis of Wèiqí. He became Marquis in 94 and died in 51. He had issue:
(1) Wèiqí Xiào-hóu Liú Yǔ (魏其 孝侯 劉 禹), Marquis of Wèiqí. He was Marquis from 51 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Wèiqí Zhì-hóu Liú Jiǎo (魏其 質侯 劉 蟜), Marquis of Wèiqí. He had issue:
(i) Wèiqí-hóu Liú Jiā (魏其侯 劉 嘉), Marquis of Wèiqí. He was demoted to a commoner by the usurper Wang Mang around 10 BC.
e) Zhùzī-hóu Liú Yánnián (祝茲侯 劉 延年), Marquis of Zhùzī. He became a Marquis in 110, but was demoted to commoner in 105 for leaving his estate without his seal and sash.
13) Qīnghé Āi-wáng Liú Chéng (清河 哀王 劉 乘), King of Qīnghé (son of Wang). Sometimes mistakenly referred to as Liú Fāngchéng (劉 方乘), he was made King of Qīnghé in 147. He died without an heir in 136 and his kingdom was abolished.
14) Chángshān Xiàn-wáng Liú Shùn (常山 憲王 劉 舜), King of Chángshān (son of Wang) from 145. He was spoilt by his father, and grew up to be arrogant and debauched. He married Xiū (脩), but also had many concubines, whom he favoured over her. He died in 114, but had issue:
a) Chángshān-wáng Liú Bó (常山王 劉 勃), King of Chángshān (son of Xiū). He refused to attend his father during has dying days, because of his neglect of his mother, but he nevertheless became king in 114. He was deposed shortly thereafter for his failure to follow proper mourning protocol, exiled to Fanggling and his kingdom abolished.
b) Zhēndìng Qǐng-wáng Liú Píng (真定 頃王 劉平), King of Zhēndìng. He was made king in 113, because Wǔdì, the Seventh Emperor of Han, felt bad about having deposed his brother. He died in 89, but had issue:
i) Zhēndìng Liè-wáng Liú Yǎn (真定 烈王 劉 偃), King of Zhēndìng. He became king in 89 and died in 71. He had issue:
(1) Zhēndìng Xiào-wáng Liú Shēn/You (真定 孝王 劉 申), King of Zhēndìng. He became king in 71 and died in 38. He had issue:
(a) Zhēndìng Ān-wáng Liú Yōng (真定 安王 劉 雍), King of Zhēndìng. He became king in 38 and died in 22. He had issue:
(i) Zhēndìng Gòng-wáng Liú Pǔ (真定 共王 劉 普), King of Zhēndìng. He became king in 22 and died in 7 BC. He had issue:
a. Zhēndìng-gōng Liú Yáng (真定王 劉 楊), Duke of Zhēndìng. He became King of Zhēndìng in 7 BC, but was demoted to Duke in AD 10 by Wang Mang, who was in the process of seizing power from the Han Dynasty. He was restored as King with restoration of the Han Dynasty in AD 23, but he was persistently disaffected. Ultimately he went too far and was executed in AD 26 for plotting rebellion against the Eighteenth Emperor
i. Zhēndìng-hóu Liú Dé (真定侯 劉 得), Marquis of Zhēndìng. He was King of Zhēndìng from 27 until 37, when he was demoted to Marquis for being too distantly related to the Emperor.
b. Xìnchāng-hóu Liú Guǎng (信昌侯 劉 廣), Marquis of Xìnchāng from AD 5 until AD 9 when he was demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang.
c. Línyì-hóu Liú Ràng (臨邑侯 劉 讓), Marquis of Línyì. He was killed in the very early stages of inciting a rebellion against the Eighteenth Emperor in the AD 20's.
a. a daughter, who married Guō Chāng (郭 昌), a local noble, who died in AD 20. She had issue:
i. Yángān Jié-hóu Guō Kuàng (陽安 節侯 郭 況), Marquis of Yángān. Born AD 10, his sister became Empress to Guāngwǔdì, the Eighteenth Emperor, in 26. At the same time he became Gentleman of the Yellow Gates, and a Marquis. Colonel of the City Gates from 38, and Minister Coachman from 44, he remained a trusted confidant of the Emperor and was so wealthy that his mansion was known as the Golden Cave. He was framed for conspiracy to rebel in 57, but was acquitted and died in 59. He had issue:
a: Yángān Sī-hóu Guō Huáng (陽安 思侯 郭 璜), Marquis of Yángān from 59. He was Steward of the Changle Palace (the dwelling of his aunt, the Empress Dowager) from 89. The Empress Dowager's family fell from grace in 92 and he was convicted of treason and died in gaol. He married Yùyáng-gōngzhǔ Liú Lǐliú (淯陽公主 劉 禮劉) daughter of Guāngwǔdì, the Eighteenth Emperor, and had issue:
i: Guō Jǔ (郭 舉), Palace Attendent and Colonel in the Northern Army. He married a daughter of Dou Xian (brother-in-law of the Twentieth Emperor), who fell from grace in 92. He was convicted of treason and sexual impropriaties with the Empress Dowager and died in prison with his father in 92.
i. Guāngwǔ-huánghòu Guō Shèngtōng (光武皇后 郭 聖通), Empress (26 – 41) who married Guāngwǔdì, the Eighteenth Emperor of Han. She had issue (see below).
(2) Jùxiāng-hóu Liú Xuān (遽鄉侯 劉 宣), Marquis of Jùxiāng from 62 until his death.
c) Sìshuǐ Sī-wáng Liú Shāng (泗水 思王 劉 商), King of Sìshuǐ. He was made king in 113, because Wǔdì, the Seventh Emperor of Han, felt bad about deposing his brother. He died in 103 but had issue:
i) Sìshuǐ Āi-wáng Liú Ānshì (泗水 哀王 劉 安世), King of Sìshuǐ. He became king in 103 and died in 102.
ii) Sìshuǐ Dài-wáng Liú Hè (泗水 戴王 劉 賀), King of Sìshuǐ. He became king in 102 and died in 80. He had issue:
(1) Sìshuǐ Qín-wáng Liú Xuān (泗水 勤王 劉 煖), King of Sìshuǐ. He was born after the death of his father in 80 and thus became king in at birth. He died in 41, but had issue:
(a) Sìshuǐ Lì-wáng Liú Jùn (泗水 戾王 劉 駿), King of Sìshuǐ. He became king in 41 and died in 10 BC. He had issue:
(i) Sìshuǐ-gōng Liú Jìng (泗水公 劉 靖), Duke of Sìshuǐ. He became King of Sìshuǐ in 7 BC, but was demoted to Duke in AD 10 by Wang Mang, who was in the process of seizing power from the Han Dynasty.
(ii) Chāngyáng-hóu Liú Bà (昌陽侯 劉 霸), Marquis of Chāngyáng. He became Marquis in 13 BC and was demoted to commoner in AD 9.
(b) Yúxiāng Jié-hóu Liú Dìng (于鄉 節侯 劉 定), Marquis of Yúxiāng from 41 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Yúxiāng-hóu Liú Shèng (于鄉侯 劉 聖), Marquis of Yúxiāng.
(c) Jiùxiāng Jié-hóu Liú Wěi (就鄉 節侯 劉 瑋), Marquis of Jiùxiāng from 41 until his death in 34.
d) Liú Tuó ( 劉 梲). His mother had fallen out of favour and he therefore received no inheritance on his father’s death. His eldest brother, the new king refused to grant him anything, either. Outraged, he informed the Emperor of his brother’s failure to adhere to the proper mourning protocol, which led to the new king being deposed.
1) Píngyáng-zhánggōngzhǔ (平陽長公主), originally known as Yángxìn-zhánggōngzhǔ (陽信長公主), she married (first) Píngyáng-hóu Cáo Shí (平陽侯 曹 時), Marquis of Píngyáng (the highest ranking marquisate of the Empire) from 153 until his death in 130 and a descendent of one of the great founding generals of the Han Dynasty. She married (second) Rǔyīn-hóu Xiàhóu Pō (汝陰侯 夏侯 頗), Marquis of Rǔyīn from 133 until 115 when he was charged with adultery and committed suicide. She had issue:
a) Píngyáng Gòng-hóu Cáo Xiāng (平陽 共侯 曹 襄), Marquis of Píngyáng from 130 (son of Cáo Shí). He headed the investigation into the King of Huainan's treasonous activities in 122 and was Rear General during a campaign against the Xiongnu nomads in 119. He married a daughter of Wǔ-dì, Seventh Emperor of Han and his Empress Wèi (衛). He died in 115, but had issue:
i) Píngyáng-hóu Cáo Zōng (平陽侯 曹 宗), Marquis of Píngyáng from 115 until 91 when he was charged with trespassing in the Emperor's harem. He was sentenced to hard labour rather than death in exchange for a large fine.
2) Nángōng-gōngzhǔ (南宮公主) (daughter of Wang). She married (first) Nángōng-hóu Zhāng Zuò (南宮侯 張 坐), who committed unspecified crimes. She secretly married (second) Zhāng-hóu Ér Shēn (張侯 耏 申), Marquis of Zhāng, demoted to commoner in 123 as punishment for the disrespectful act of marrying a Princess.
3) Línlǜ-gōngzhǔ (林慮公主) (daughter of Wang). She had issue:
a) Zhāopíng-jūn (昭平君), convicted of a crime in the reign of the Seventh Emperor, Wǔdì, he was ransomed by his very ill mother. He married Yíān-gōngzhǔ (夷安公主), daughter of the Seventh Emperor Wǔdì. After her death he deteriorated further and killed her tutor in a fit of drunkeness. He was taken to court and is not mentioned again.