han8
漢
EMPEROR ZHAO & EMPEROR XUAN
87 – 74 Hàn Xiào Zhāo-huángdì Liú Fúlíng (漢 孝 昭皇帝 劉 弗陵), Eighth Emperor of Han, the Illustrious Emperor. Born in 94, he was the youngest son of the Seventh Emperor Wǔdì. In 87 he was chosen by the sick elderly Emperor to be his heir. The Seventh Emperor died the next day and Zhao succeeded to the throne, aged eight. Grand General Huò Guāng (霍 光), Jīn Mìdī (金日磾), and Shàngguān Jie (上官桀) were appointed Regents. From very early on, Huò Guāng was the one in charge; he was capable and displayed great clemency. Nevertheless, the administration faced rebellions in 82 (by a false pretender) and in 80 (by the King of Yan & the sidelined regent Shàngguān Jie). The principal realisation of the reign was that the aggressive military expansion of the previous reign was not lucrative and could not continue unless more revenue could be raised internally. The obvious source for this was government monopolies, like those which already existed on iron and salt, but the increasingly ascendant Confucian scholars protested that these were a burden on the peasantry, preferring to see expenditures cut. In the end the monopolies were retained. However, a number of initiatives, clearly meant to appease the peasantry and their Confucian supporters, were enacted: distribution of grain during famine, remission of the horse tribute, and abolition of the government monopoly on liquor. The Emperor finally came of age in 76, but real power remained largely with his Regent. He died in 74 at Wèiyāng Palace and was buried at Píng. He had no children and had not designated an heir.
In 83 he married Shàngguān-tàihuángtàihòu (上官太皇太后), born in 89, her mother was the daughter of the Regent Huò Guāng and her father was the Cavalry General Sānglè-hóu Shàngguān Ān (桑樂侯 上官 安), himself son of the Regent Shàngguān Jie. Her marriage to the Emperor, then, represented something of a 'power-sharing' deal between the two Regents, one which did not bear fruit, for her father's family found themselves increasingly marginalised in the government. They were involved in the rebellion of 80 and mostly executed. She, however, remained important and was involved in the appointment of Liú He as the Ninth Emperor and Xuāndì as the Tenth after her husband’s death in 74. She became Empress Dowager in 74 and Grand Empress Dowager in 49. She died in 37.
74 Hǎihūn-hóu Liú He (海昏侯 劉 賀), Ninth Emperor of Han. King of Chāngyì from 86, he was chosen by Huò Guāng (霍 光), Grand General and defacto ruler of Han, to succeed his uncle, the childless Eighth Emperor, Zhāodì, in 74. This decision was made in the belief that as a result of his relative youth, he would be pliable; but he turned out to be recklessly self-indulgent, immoderate and immoral. He reigned a mere 27 days before Huò Guāng deposed him and sent him back to Chāngyì, titleless, for his disrespectful and debaucherous behaviour. Subsequent Emperors did not disturb him, believing him to be physically and mentally deficient. He was made Marquis of Hǎihūn in 63. He married Zhuāng Luófū (莊 羅紨), daughter of Zhuāng Yánnián, Superintendent of the Capital (67 – 64). He died in 59, but had issue:
1) Liú Chōngguó (劉 充國). He predeceased his father.
2) Liú Fèngqīn (劉 奉親). He predeceased his father.
3) Hǎihūn Lí-hóu Liú Dàizōng (海昏 釐侯 劉 代宗), Marquis of Hǎihūn. He was Marquis from 46 until his death. He had issue:
a) Hǎihūn Yuán-hóu Liú Bǎoshì (海昏 原侯 劉 保世), Marquis of Hǎihūn. He had issue:
i) Hǎihūn-hóu Liú Huìyì (海昏侯 劉 會邑), Marquis of Hǎihūn. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
1) Liú Chípèi (劉 持轡) (daughter of Luófū).
74 – 49 Hàn Zhōngzōng Xiào Xuān-huángdì Liú Bìngyǐ (漢 中宗 孝 宣皇帝 劉 病已), Tenth Emperor of Han, the Commanding Emperor. Born Liú Xún (劉 詢) in 92, his grandfather was Seventh Emperor Wǔdì's eldest son and initial heir. In 91, his grandfather was involved in a failed rebellion against Wǔdì and was executed. Though still a child, he was imprisoned for his ‘part’ in this rebellion. The Seventh Emperor ordered his death in 87, but he was smuggled out of prison to the home of his maternal grandmother’s clan. In the reign of Zhāodì, the Eighth Emperor, he was brought to the palace and raised there. In the aftermath of Zhāodì's death in 74, he was eventually chosen to be Emperor, by Huò Guāng (霍 光) and the Empress Dowager, because of his relative youth and his reputation for studiousness and merit. He was raised to the status of Marquis of Yángwǔ and, the next day, to Emperor. Actual control was in the hands of Grand Marshal Huò Guāng until his death in 70. Only then did the Emperor take personal control of the Empire. Within four years the Grand Marshal’s clan had rebelled against this new state of affairs and been wiped out. Xuāndì's reign was marked by a wholesale adoption of Confucian principles to justify the exercise of power. Supposedly the resulting government was so virtuous that the Empire was graced by phoenixes almost annually. Many edicts were issued remitting taxes and softening laws especially relating to the elderly and executions. He repeatedly fought with the nomads and eventually in 55, the King of all the Xiongnu nomads came to the capital and formally offered his submission. Shortly thereafter the Xiongnu dissolved into civil war and ceased to be any sort of threat to Han (for the moment); many Xiongnu refugees were allowed to settle in Dependent States within the Empire. The Wusun and Qiang nomads were similarly neutralised, and rule in Central Asia was extended to the Southern Taklamakan. At Xuāndì's death in 49, the Empire was ascendant and prosperous. He was buried in Dù and eventually received the posthumous title of Zhōngzōng (中宗), Middle Patriarch
He married (first) Gòngāi-huánghòu Xū Píngjūn (共哀皇后 許 平君), daughter of Xū Guǎnghàn, a middle-ranking official; she was murdered by the wife of the Regent Huo Guang in 71.
He married (second) Huò-huánghòu Chéngjūn (霍皇后 成君), daughter of Huò Guāng, Grand Marshal and defact ruler of the Empire from the late 90s until 70. She was raised to Empress in 70, only to be demoted when it was discovered that her mother had killed the Emperor’s first wife Xū and plotted to kill his firstborn son as well. Her family, seeking to restore themselves to their former preeminence, rebelled against the Emperor in 66 but were wiped out; she alone was left alive and committed suicide in 54.
He married (third) Qióngchéng-tàihuángtàihòu Wáng (邛城太皇太后 王), daughter of Qióngchéng-hóu Wáng Fèngguāng (邛城侯 王 奉光) an old friend of the Emperor, she entered the palace in 74 and became adoptive mother to the infant Imperial Heir after the murder of his mother in 71; she was promoted to Empress in 64, to Empress Dowager in 49 and to Grand Empress Dowager in 33. She died in 16. BC
He took as a concubine (first) Zhāng-jiéyú (張婕妤), who was his favourite consort.
He took as a concubine (second) Wèi-jiéyú (衛婕妤), sister of Wèi Zǐháo (衛 子豪), Superintendent of the Guards.
He took as a concubine (third) Gōngsūn-jiéyú (公孫婕妤).
He took as a concubine (fourth) Róng-jiéyú (戎婕妤).
He took as a concubine (fifth) Huà-jiéyú (華婕妤).
He took as a concubine (sixth) Liáng-měirén (梁美人).
1) Hàn Xiào Yuán-huángdì Liú Shì (漢 孝 元皇帝 劉 奭), Eleventh Emperor of Han (son of Xū) (see below).
2) Huáiyáng Xiàn-wáng Liú Qīn (淮陽 憲王 劉 欽), King of Huáiyáng (son of Zhāng). The Tenth Emperor, Xuāndì, favoured him over his firstborn son & heir, and considered making him heir instead, but ultimately judged such a movement too dangerous for the empire's longterm stability. He became King in 63. In 37 two of his uncles and closest advisors were executed for treasonous activities; Yuándì, the Eleventh Emperor, let him off with a repremand, however, believing him to have been unaware of their activities. Their families were exiled to the frontiers; in 33 he requested their return. This earned him another repremand, but eventually it was allowed. He died in 27. He had issue:
a) Huáiyáng Wén-wáng Liú Xuán (淮陽 文王 劉 玄), King of Huáiyáng from 27 until his death in 1 BC.
i) Huáiyáng-gōng Liú Yǎn (淮陽公 劉 縯), Duke of Huáiyáng. He became King of Huáiyáng in 1 BC, only to be demoted to Duke in the same year. He was further demoted to commoner in AD 20.
b) Gònglè-hóu Liú Xīn (共樂侯 劉 訢), Marquis of Gònglè. He was made Marquis of Lèpíng in 23, only to be demoted to commoner due to madness. He was made Marquis of Gònglè in AD 2 and retained this title until his death.
c) A son, who had issue, all of whom were Marquises from AD 1 until they were demoted to commoner in AD 9 by the usurper Wang Mang:
i) Wàihuáng-hóu Liú Yǔ (外黃侯 劉 圉), Marquis of Wàihuáng.
ii) Gāoyáng-hóu Liú Bìng (高陽侯 劉 並), Marquis of Gāoyáng.
iii) Pínglù-hóu Liú Chǒng (平陸侯 劉 寵), Marquis of Pínglù.
d) Táoshān-hóu Liú Qīn (桃山侯 劉 欽), Marquis of Táoshān from 13 until his death in AD 7.
3) Chǔ Xiào-wáng Liú Āo (楚 孝王 劉 囂), King of Chu (son of Wèi). He became King of Dìngtáo in 52 and was transferred to Chu in 48. He visited the court of Chéngdì, the Twelfth Emperor, while deeply ill. He died in 24 but had issue:
a) Chǔ Huái-wáng Liú Wén (楚 懷王 劉 文), King of Chǔ from 24 until his death without issue in 23.
b) Chǔ Sī-wáng Liú Yǎn (楚 思王 劉 衍), King of Chǔ. He was Marquis of Pínglù (平陸侯) King of Chǔ from 23 until his death in 2 BC. He had issue:
i) Chǔ-gōng Liú Yū (楚公 劉 紆), Duke of Chǔ from 2 BC. In AD 9, when it became clear that Regent Wang Mang's would soon usurp the throne, several Ministers attempted to enthrone Liú Yū as Emperor. This was an utter failure. He was demoted to Duke, and shortly thereafter to commoner.
(1) Jūcháo-hóu Liú Bán Bóxīng (居巢侯 劉 般 伯興), Marquis of Jūcháo. As a youth he led an evacuation to Wuwei in the far northwest during the disorder which followed the restoration of the Han Dynasty in AD 23. He became a Marquis in 33. In 43 he was praised for his virtue and the Eighteenth Emperor rewarded him substantially. The next year he was brought to the Capital and appointed Marquis Attending Sacrifices. In 57 he was dismissed from the Capital, but his conduct was again so exemplary that in 67 he was brough back and appointed Bearer of the Mace and Marquis at Court. In 68 he became Colonel in the Northern Army. He successful opposed instituting grain price-control on pragmatic grounds. In 75 he became Steward of the Palace of Lasting Joy (The Empress Dowager's Palace) and then, later, Minister of the Imperial Clan.
(a) Liú Kǎi Bóyù (劉 愷 伯豫), he obeyed his father's will and allowed his younger brother to receive his father's Marquisate instead of him. He was much praised for his generosity and general good conduct. In 98 he was appointed Palace Attendent, then a Colonel of the Northern Army. In 101 he became Minister of the Imperial Clan, Minister of Ceremonies in 107, Excellency of Works in 112 and Excellency of Works over the Masses in 115. In 116 he instituted three-year mourning leave for senior officials, in order to better inculcate the virtue of filial piety. In 118 he successfully pursued a prosecution against a member of the Empress Dowager's clan. He retired in 120, with an enormous pension, only to be called back to serve as Grand Commandant in 122. He finally retired in 123 and died in 124, to great mourning.
(b) Jūcháo-hóu Liú Xiàn (居巢侯 劉 憲), Marquis of Jūcháo. He had issue:
(i) Jūcháo-hóu Liú Zhòng (居巢侯 劉 重), Marquis of Jūcháo
ii) Língxiāng-hóu Liú Zēng (陵鄉侯 劉 曾), Marquis of Língxiāng. He became Marquis in 3 BC. In AD 9 he joined an armed revolt in the hope of preventing Wang Mang from usurping the Imperial throne, but died in battle.
iii) Wǔān-hóu Liú Zhù (武安侯 劉 鋳), Marquis of Wǔān.
iv) Wúxiāng-hóu Liú Guāng (郚鄉侯 劉 光), Marquis of Wúxiāng from AD 1 until AD 9 when he was demoted to commoner by the usurper, Wang Mang.
v) Xīnchéng-hóu Liú Wǔ (新城侯 劉 武), Marquis of Xīnchéng from AD 1 until AD 9
vi) Yílíng-hóu Liú Fēng (宜陵侯 劉 豐), Marquis of Yílíng from AD 1 until AD 9
vii) Tángxiāng-hóu Liú Hù (堂鄉侯 劉 護), Marquis of Tángxiāng from AD 1 until AD 9
viii) Chénglíng-hóu Liú Yóu (成陵侯 劉 由), Marquis of Chénglíng from AD 1 until AD 9
ix) Chéngyáng-hóu Liú Zhòng (成陽侯 劉 眾), Marquis of Chéngyáng from AD 1 until AD 9
x) Fùchāng-hóu Liú Xiū (復昌侯 劉 休), Marquis of Fùchāng from AD 1 until AD 9
xi) Ānlù-hóu Liú Píng (安陸侯 劉 平), Marquis of Ānlù from AD 1 until AD 9
xii) Wúān-hóu Liú Yù (梧安侯 劉 譽), Marquis of Wúxiāng from AD 1 until AD 9
xiii) Cháoxiāng-hóu Liú Chōng (朝鄉侯 劉 充), Marquis of Cháoxiāng from AD 1 until AD 9
xiv) Fúxiāng-hóu Liú Pǔ (扶鄉侯 劉 普), Marquis of Fúxiāng from AD 1 until AD 9
xv) Lǚxiāng-hóu Liú Shàng (呂鄉侯 劉 尚), Marquis of Lǚxiāng from AD 1 until AD 9
xvi) Lǐxiāng-hóu Liú Yīn (李鄉侯 劉 殷), Marquis of Wúxiāng from AD 2 until AD 9
xvii) Wǎnxiāng-hóu Liú Long (宛鄉侯 劉 隆), Marquis of Wǎnxiāng from AD 5 until AD 9
xviii) Shòuquán-hóu Liú Chéng (壽泉侯 劉 承), Marquis of Shòuquán from AD 5 until AD 9
xix) Xìngshān-hóu Liú Zūn (杏山侯 劉 遵), Marquis of Wúxiāng from AD 5 until AD 9
c) Guǎngqī Yáng-hóu Liú Xūn (廣戚 煬 侯劉勳), Marquis of Guǎngqī. He was made Marquis in 28, by Chéngdì, the Twelfth Emperor, who was moved by Xun’s father’s visit to court while deathly ill. He had issue:
i) Guǎngqī-hóu Liú Xiǎn (廣戚侯 劉 顯), Marquis of Guǎngqī. He had issue:
(1) Liú Yīng Rúzǐ (劉 嬰 孺子), Fifteenth Emperor of Han (see below).
d) Yīnpíng Lí-hóu Huí (陰平 釐侯 劉 回), Marquis of Yīnpíng from 23 until his death. He had issue:
i) Yīnpíng-hóu Shī (陰平侯劉 詩), Marquis of Yīnpíng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
e) A son, who had issue:
i) Xìndū-gōng Liú Jǐng (信都公 劉 景), Duke of Xìndū. He was made King of Dìngtáo (定陶王) in 8 BC. In 5 BC he was made King of Xìndū instead. In AD 6 the usurper, Wang Mang, demoted him to Duke and the next year further demoted to commoner.
ii) Chéngxiāng-hóu Liú Bì (承鄉侯 劉 閟), Marquis of Chéngxiāng. He became Marquis in AD 1 and was demoted to commoner in AD 9 when the usurper Wang Mang deposed the Han Dynasty.
3) Dōngpíng Sī-wáng Liú Yǔ (東平 思王 劉 宇), King of Dōngpíng (son of Gōngsūn). He became King in 52, and proved rather depraved. In 33 he had a noblewoman executed, and was punished, but allowed to retain his kingdom in the hope he would reform himself. He took as a concubine Qúnào-jī (朐臑姬), who threatened to testify against him and was therefore killed. He died in 20 but had issue:
a) Dōngpíng Yáng-wáng Liú Yún (東平 煬王 劉 雲), King of Dōngpíng from 20 BC. In 4 BC he was accused of cursing the Emperor in the hope of replacing him and was executed. He married Yè-hòu (謁后) who was executed in 4 BC for employing a medium to aid her husband's alleged schemes.
i) Dōngpíng-wáng Liú Kāimíng (東平王 劉 開明), King of Dōngpíng. He was made King in AD 1 after it was determined that his father had been framed and should not have been executed. He died, childless, in AD 4.
ii) Tiān-zǐ Liú Xìn ( 天子 劉 信). He was Marquis of Yánxiāng (嚴鄉侯) from Marquis in 5 BC until 1 BC when he was demoted to commoner as punishment for his father's crimes. In AD 1 it was determined that his father had been framed and he was restored as Marquis. In these years the Regent Wang Mang was aggregating greater and greater power to himself. Following the death of Píngdì, the Fourteenth Emperor, Wang Mang ruled on behalf of an underage prince, whom he refused to enthrone as Emperor. In AD 7, Zhaí Yì (翟 義) Governor of Dongjun, offended by this, revolted, naming Liú Xìn as Emperor with the style, Tiān-zǐ (天子). This rebellion was utterly defeated, and Tianzi died fleeing Wang Mang's forces. He had issue:
(1) Zhōngshān-wáng Liú Kuāng (中山王 劉 匡), King of Zhongshan from AD 6, until demoted to commoner in AD 7 when his father was involved in an abortive rebellion against the usurper Wang Mang.
iii) Wǔpíng-hóu Liú Huáng (武平侯 劉 璜), Marquis of Wǔpíng from 5 BC until 1 BC when he was demoted to commoner for involvement in the crimes of his father. He was made Marquis again in AD 1 only to die in AD 7, in an attempt to overthrow the Regent Wang Mang.
iv) Táoxiāng-hóu Liú Huī (陶鄉侯 劉 恢), Marquis of Táoxiāng from AD 1 until he was demoted to commoner in AD 9 after Wang Mang usurped the throne and abolished the Han Dynasty.
v) Líxiāng-hóu Liú Bāo (釐鄉侯劉褒), Marquis of Líxiāng from AD 1 until he was demoted to commoner in AD 9 after Wang Mang usurped the throne and abolished the Han Dynasty.
vi) Chāngxiāng-hóu Liú Qiě (昌鄉侯劉且), Marquis of Chāngxiāng from AD 1 until AD 9 when he was demoted to commoner by the usurper, Wang Mang.
vii) Xīnxiāng-hóu Liú Lǐ (新鄉侯 劉 鯉), Marquis of Xīnxiāng from AD 1 until AD 9 when he was demoted to commoner by the usurper, Wang Mang.
viii) Chūnchéng-hóu Liú Yǔn (春城侯 劉 允), Marquis of Chūnchéng from AD 1 until AD 9 when he was demoted to commoner by the usurper, Wang Mang.
b) Lìxiāng Qǐng-hóu Liú Hù (栗鄉 頃侯 劉 護), Marquis of Lìxiāng from 20 until his death. He had issue:
i) Lìxiāng-hóu Liú Xuánchéng (栗鄉侯 劉 玄成), Marquis of Lìxiāng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
c) Sāngqiū-hóu Liú Qǐng (桑丘侯 劉 頃), Marquis of Sāngqiū from 20 until his death.
d) Táoxiāng Qǐng-hóu Liú Xuān (桃鄉 頃侯 劉 宣), Marquis of Táoxiāng from 20 until his death.
i) Táoxiāng-hóu Liú Lì (桃鄉侯 劉 立), Marquis of Táoxiāng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
ii) Zhōngshān-gōng Wáng Chéngdū (中山公 王 成都), Duke of Zhōngshān. He was King from AD 1, until AD 9 when he was demoted to Duke by the usurper, Wang Mang. He nevertheless was loyal to Wang Mang, being rewarded with the Wáng surname in AD 10.
e) Fùyáng-hóu Liú Méng (富陽侯 劉 萌), Marquis of Fùyáng from 14 until AD 9 when he was demoted to commoner by the usurper, Wang Mang.
f) Xīyáng Qǐng-hóu Liú Bìng (西陽 頃侯 劉 並), Marquis of Xīyáng. He was Marquis from 11 BC until his death. He had issue:
i) Xīyáng-hóu Liú Yǎn (西陽侯 劉 偃), Marquis of Xīyáng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
g) A son, who had issue, the following, all of whom became Marquis in AD 1 and were demoted to commoner in AD 9 by the usurper Wang Mang:
i) Jiùxiāng-hóu Liú Bùhài (就鄉侯 劉 不害), Marquis of Jiùxiāng
ii) Píngtōng-hóu Liú Dàn (平通侯 劉 旦), Marquis of Píngtōng.
iii) Xīān-hóu Liú Hàn (西安侯 劉 漢), Marquis of Xīān.
iv) Húxiāng-hóu Liú Kāi (湖鄉侯 劉 開), Marquis of Húxiāng
v) Chóngxiāng-hóu Liú Shaobo (重鄉侯 劉 少柏), Marquis of Chóngxiāng
vi) Yángxīng-hóu Liú Jìshēng (陽興侯 劉 寄生), Marquis of Yángxīng
vii) Língyáng-hóu Liú Jiā (陵陽侯 劉 嘉), Marquis of Língyáng
viii) Gāolè-hóu Liú Xiū (高樂侯 劉 修), Marquis of Gāolè
ix) Píngyì-hóu Liú Mǐn (平邑侯 劉 閔), Marquis of Píngyì
x) Píngzuǎn-hóu Liú Kuàng (平纂侯 劉 況), Marquis of Píngzuǎn
xi) Héchāng-hóu Liú Fǔ (合昌侯 劉 輔), Marquis of Héchāng
xii) Yīxiāng-hóu Liú Kāi (伊鄉侯 劉 開), Marquis of Yīxiāng
xiii) Jiāoxiāng-hóu Liú Wǔ (膠鄉侯 劉 武), Marquis of Jiāoxiāng
xiv) Yíxiāng-hóu Liú Huī (宜鄉侯 劉 恢), Marquis of Yíxiāng
xv) Chāngchéng-hóu Liú Fēng (昌城侯 劉 豐), Marquis of Chāngchéng
xvi) Lèān-hóu Liú Yǔ (樂安侯 劉 禹), Marquis of Lèān
4) Zhōngshān Āi-wáng Liú Jìng (中山 哀王 劉 竟), King of Zhōngshān (son of Róng). He was made King of Qīnghé in 47 and was transferred to Zhōngshān in 43. He died childless in 35 and was buried at Duling.
1) Jìngwǔ-zhánggōngzhǔ (敬武長公主), Senior Princess of Jìngwǔ. She opposed the rise of the Regent Wang Mang, who would eventually usurp the throne. In AD 3 she was involved in a plot to trick Wang Mang by smearing blood on his door and was forced to drink poison.
She married (first) Fùpíng Gòng-hóu Zhāng Lín (富平 共侯 張 臨), Marquis of Fùpíng from 47 until his death in 29. She married (second) Yíngpíng Kǎo-hóu Zhào Qīn (營平 考侯 趙 欽), Marquis of Yíngpíng from 29 until his death in 22; she was unable to bear him a child, so she passed a random child off as his. In 15 she married (third) Gāoyáng-hóu Xuē Xuān Gànjūn (高陽侯 薛 宣 贛君), Marquis of Gāoyáng, a self-made man who was repeatedly promoted, filling the roles of Superintendent of Trials & Agriculture, Assistant Magistrate of Buji, Assistant Commandant of Langye, Magistrate of Wanju and Magistrate of Chángān (the Capital). At this point he caught the attention of the government and became Governor of Linhuai & Chenliu, suppressing criminal activity; in 24 he became Metropolitan Superintendent of the Left, Superintendent of the Lesser Treasury; Imperial Counsellor in 21, Chancellor and Marquis in 20. But the Twelfth Emperor, Chéngdì, and others disdained him; he lacked a scholarly education and was demoted in 15 on a pretext of conducting an Imperial funeral too efficiently. He was repeatedly demoted and reappointed as a Marquis. He was executed in AD 3.
a) Fùpíng Sī-hóu Zhāng Fàng ( 富平 思侯 張 放), Marquis of Fùpíng from 29 (son of Zhāng Lín). A favourite of Chéngdì, the Twelfth Emperor, whom he accompanied on incognito trips through the Capital. He married a sister of Chéngdì's Empress Chéngdì-huánghòu Xū Kuā (成帝皇后 許 誇). He was in succession: Leader of the Gentlemen of the Palace, Palace Attendent & Inspector of the Pingle Lodge. He was accused of several crimes and sent out to the provinces to be Commandant of Beidi, and then of the even more remote Tianshui. He briefly returned as a Palace Attendent & Counsellor of the Palace, but died of grief following the death of Emperor Chéngdì in 7 BC. He had issue:
i) Wǔshǐ-hóu Zhāng Chún Bórén ( 武始侯 張 純 伯仁), Marquis of Fùpíng (富平侯) from 7 BC until promoted to Marquis of Zhāngxiāng (張鄕侯) in AD 12 by the usurper Wang Mang. With the revival of the Han Dynasty in AD 23 he was made Marquis of Wǔshǐ. In 47 he became Grand Marshal. He died in 59
2) Guǎntáo-gōngzhǔ Liú Shī (館陶公主 劉 施), Princess of Guǎntáo (daughter of Huà), she married Xīpíng-hóu Yú Yǒng (西平侯 于 永), Marquis of Xīpíng; Palace Attendent & Leader of the Gentlemen of the Palace, he became Marquis in 40 and Superintendent of the Palace in 37. He finally was appointed Imperial Counsellor in 22, dying in 20, before he could be appointed Chancellor.
a) Xīpíng-hóu Yú Tián (西平侯 于 恬), Marquis of Xīpíng from 20 BC until demoted to commoner in AD 23 for having supported the usurper Wang Mang.