han2
漢
LIU BANG & HIS DESCENDANTS
206 – 195 Hàn Tàizǔ Gāo-huángdì Liú Bāng Jì ( 漢 太祖 高皇帝 劉 邦 季 ), First Emperor of Han, the Lofty Emperor. He was born in 256 or 248 as a peasant in the village of Zhōngyáng in Pèi, supposedly after his mother had an encounter with a dragon. Early in his life he was a drunken lazy dreamer, but he secured a job at the lowest level of Qin government as Head of Sìshuǐ Postal Station. During this period he invented a new kind of hat and travelled to the Qin heartland to deliver slaves. On one of these trips he freed the slaves; they hailed him as their leader and he led them into the wilderness as brigands. In 209, when Qin rule began to collapse, Liú Bāng marched out of the wilderness, captured the City of Pèi and joined the rebellion against Qin. It was Liú Bāng’s forces which first entered the Qin heartland and captured the capital of Qin (in 207), and for this he was granted the Kingdom of Han, in far western China. Almost immediately he fell into civil war with Xiàng Yǔ (項羽), who had led the rebellion against Qin and now proclaimed himself Hegemon of China. This civil war raged until 202, and there were many close calls for Liú Bāng (On one occasion Xiàng Yǔ shot him in the chest with a crossbow), but at the end of it, with the help of many talented generals and subordinates, Liú Bāng was undisputed ruler of all China and proclaimed himself Emperor of Han. He initially placed his capital at Luòyáng, former capital of the Zhou Dynasty, but later moved it to Cháng'ān (near the old Qin Capital, and modern Xi’an). He led an expedition against the nomadic Xiongnu of the northern steppe, which was a failure. He was surrounded by the forces of the nomad and had to treat for his life. Han sent the Xiongnu tribute for many years thereafter. He immediately found himself facing rebellions from the very subordinates who had ensured his victory. In time he crushed them all, personally, but the process left him deeply distrustful of the very comrades with whom he had won China. By the end of his reign he was violently pre-empting rebellions of vassals who had shown no signs of disloyalty. He became very ill on the return from putting down a rebellion and, refusing all treatment, he died in 195 at Chánglè Palace in Cháng'ān. He was buried in Chánglíng tumulus, northeast of Xianyang and received the posthumous title of Tàizǔ (太祖), Grand Ancestor.
He married Lǚ-Tàihòu Zhì (呂太后 雉), the daughter of Lǚ Gōng (呂公), a physiognomist, who predicted Liú Bāng's greatness when he was still a lowly peasant, her brothers both became Han generals. She was ambitious and, following her husband’s death, seized power for herself, using her position as Empress Dowager to rule on behalf of her young son. She brutally suppressed any perceived threat to her rule, killing and mutilating Liú Bāng’s sons and favoured concubines and installing members of her own family in important positions. Her son died in 188, but she installed a series of grandsons as emperors and continued to rule until her death in 180, supposedly after being bitten by a blue-green spirit dog.
He took as a concubine (first) Cáo-fūrén (曹夫人).
In 206 he took as a concubine (second) Qī-fūrén (戚夫人) of Dìngtáo; she was the favourite of Liú Bāng in his old age, earning her the emnity of the Empress Lǚ; after the Emperor’s death, she was imprisoned by the Empress, who had her hands and feet cut off, her eyes removed, her ears cauterised, put her in a trough and dubbed her 'the human hog.'
He took as a concubine (third) Guǎn-fūrén (管夫人).
In 204 he took as a concubine (fourth) Bo-Tàihuáng Tàihòu (薄太皇太后), illegitimate daughter of a princess of the old Kingdom of Wei; she entered the harem of the revived kingdom of Wei in 210 and then the harem of Liú Bāng after he conquered that kingdom, she was of no consequence until her son became Emperor in 179, at which point she was made Grand Empress Dowager. In this role she did little but bestow mercy and charity, she died in 155.
He took as a concubine (fifth) a lady from the harem of the King of Zhào (趙), she was implicated in a plot in 199 and committed suicide shortly after her son by Liú Bāng was born.
He took as a concubine (sixth) Tángshān-fūrén (唐山夫人), a composer. He had issue:
1) Qí Dàohuì-wáng Liú Féi (齊 悼惠王 劉 肥), King of Qi (son of Cao). Born in 222, he was made King of Qi by his father in 201. After his father’s death the Empress Dowager Lǚ, who had seized control of government began to view him as a threat to her position. He successfully mollified her by giving her daughter the city of Chéngyáng and the title of Queen Dowager of Qi. He married a lady of the Sì (駟) clan. He died in 189 or 188, but had issue:
a) Qí Āi-wáng Liú Xiāng (齊 哀王 劉 襄), King of Qi (son of Sì). He was made King of Qi in 188. His kingdom was repeatedly divided by the Empress Dowager Lǚ in order to create new kingdoms for members of her family. Following the Empress Dowager Lǚ’s death in 180 he rebelled, seizing the forces of the Kingdom of Langye, in order to overthrow the Dowager’s clan and restore the Liu family to power. He was a candidate to become Emperor in 180, but was passed over due to fear of the power of his mother's family and due to the enmity of the King of Langye. Instead he was given the territory of Langye. He died in 179.
i) Qí Wén-wáng Liú Zé (齊 文王 劉 則), King of Qi. He succeeded his father as King in 179 and died in 165. Following his death, the kingdom of Qi was divided into seven kingdoms, which were distributed to his uncles.
b) Chéngyáng-wáng Liú Zhāng (城陽王 劉 章), King of Chéngyáng. He was made Marquis of Zhūxū in 187 by the Empress Dowager Lǚ. He was married in 187 to the daughter of Zhào-wáng Lǚ Lù (趙王 呂 祿), a prominent general and brother of the Dowager. Liú Zhāng was involved in the King of Qi’s successful revolt against the Dowager in 180 and was rewarded by Wéndì, the Fifth Emperor, with the Kingdom of Chéngyáng in 178. He died in the same year. He had issue:
i) Chéngyáng Gòng-wáng Liú Xǐ (城陽 共王 劉 喜), King of Chéngyáng. He was King of Chéngyáng from 176 – 168 and again from 164 until his death in 144.
(1) Chéngyáng Qǐng-wáng Liú Yán (城陽 頃王 劉 延), King of Chéngyáng. He became king in 143 and died in 117. He had issue:
(a) Chéngyáng Jìng-wáng Liú Yì (城陽 敬王 劉 義), King of Chéngyáng. He became king in 117 and died in 108. He had issue:
(i) Chéngyáng Huì-wáng Liú Wǔ (城陽 惠王 劉 武), King of Chéngyáng. He became king in 108 and died in 97. He had issue:
1. Chéngyáng Huāngwáng Liú Shùn (城陽 荒王 劉 順), King of Chéngyáng. He became king in 97 and died in 51. He had issue:
a. Chéngyáng Dàiwáng Liú Huī (城陽 戴王 劉 恢), King of Chéngyáng. He became king in 51 and died in 43. He had issue:
i. Chéngyáng Xiàowáng Liú Jǐng (城陽 孝王 劉 景), King of Chéngyáng. He became king in 43 and died in 19. He had issue:
1: Chéngyáng Āi-wáng Liú Yún (城陽 哀王 劉 雲), King of Chéngyáng. He became king in 19 and died in 18 BC. As he was childless, his kingdom was abolished
2: Chéngyáng-gōng Liú Lǐ (城陽公 劉 俚), Duke of Chéngyáng. He became King of the revived Kingdom of Chéngyáng in 16 BC, but was demoted to Duke in AD 4 and died in AD 5.
ii. Shíshān Jié-hóu Liú Xuán (石山 節 侯 劉 玄), Marquis of Shíshān from 41 until his death. He had issue:
1: Shíshān Lí-hóu Liú Jiā (石山 釐侯 劉 嘉), Marquis of Shíshān.
iii. Dūyáng Jié-hóu Liú Yīn (都陽 節 侯 劉 音), Marquis of Dūyáng from 41 until his death. He had issue:
1: Dūyáng-hóu Liú Hóng (都陽侯 劉 閎), Marquis of Dūyáng.
iv. Cēnfēng-hóu Liú Sì (參封 侯 劉 嗣), Marquis of Cēnfēng from 41 until his death. He had issue:
1: Cēnfēng-hóu Liú Yīn/Yān (參封侯 劉 殷), Marquis of Cēnfēng
v. Yīxiāng Qǐng-hóu Liú Qiān (伊鄉 頃 侯 劉 遷), Marquis of Yīxiāng from 41 until his death.
b. Cīxiāng Xiào-hóu Liú Hóng (茲鄉 孝侯 劉 弘), Marquis of Cīxiāng from 52 until his death. He had issue:
i. Cīxiāng Qǐng-hóu Liú Chāng (茲鄉 頃侯 劉 昌), Marquis of Cīxiāng. He had issue:
1: Cīxiāng Jié-hóu Liú Yīng (茲鄉 節侯 劉應), Marquis of Cīxiāng. He had issue:
a: Cīxiāng-hóu Liú Yǔ (茲鄉侯 劉 宇), Marquis of Cīxiāng.
c. Jièyáng-hóu Liú Xiǎn (藉陽侯 劉 顯), Marquis of Jièyáng from 50 until 35 when he was demoted to commoner for extortion money from his peasants.
d. Dūpíng Ài-hóu Liú Qiū (都平愛侯 劉 丘), Marquis of Dūpíng from 50 until his death. He had issue:
i. Dūpíng Gōng-hóu Liú Xīn (都平 恭侯 劉 訢), Marquis of Dūpíng. He had issue:
1: Dūpíng-hóu Liú Kān (都平侯 劉 堪), Marquis of Dūpíng. Demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
e. Zǎo Yuán-hóu Liú Shān (棗 原侯 劉 山), Marquis of Zǎo from 50 until his death. He had issue:
i. Zǎo Jié-hóu Liú Hóu (棗 節侯 劉 抵) Marquis of Zǎo. He had issue:
1: Zǎo-hóu Liú Qièdé (棗侯 劉 妾得), Marquis of Zǎo.
f. Jī Yuàn-hóu Liú Wén (箕 愿侯 劉 文) Marquis of Jī from 50 until his death. He had issue:
i. Jī Jié-hóu Liú Lín (箕 節侯 劉 瞵) Marquis of Jī. He had issue:
1: Jī-hóu Liú Bāo (箕侯 劉 褒), Marquis of Jī. He was demoted to commoner at some point.
g. Gāoguǎng Jié-hóu Liú Xūn (高廣 節侯 劉 勳). Marquis of Gāoguǎng from 50 until his death. He had issue:
i. Gāoguǎng Āi-hóu Liú Hè (高廣 哀侯 劉 賀), Marquis of Gāoguǎng. He had issue:
1: Gāoguǎng Zhì-hóu Liú Fú (高廣 質侯 劉 福), Marquis of Gāoguǎng. He had issue:
a: Gāoguǎng-hóu Liú Wú (高廣侯 劉 吳)
h. Jílái Jié-hóu Liú Jiǎo (即來 節 侯 劉 佼) Marquis of Jílái from 50 until his death. He had issue:
i. Jílái-hóu Liú Qīn (即來侯 劉 欽), Marquis of Jílái.
i. Yōng Lí-hóu Liú Tán (庸 釐 侯 劉 談) Marquis of Yōng from 48 until his death. He had issue:
i. Yōng-hóu Liú Duān (庸侯 劉 端), Marquis of Yōng. He was demoted to commoner in 42 for raping the wife of a slave.
j. Kūnshān Jié-hóu Liú Guāng (昆山 節侯 劉 光), Marquis of Kūnshān from 48 until his death. He had issue:
i. Kūnshān-hóu Liú Yí (昆山侯 劉 儀), Marquis of Kūnshān.
k. Zhéquán Jié-hóu Liú Gēn (折泉 節侯 劉 根), Marquis of Zhéquán from 48 until his death. He had issue:
i. Zhéquán-hóu Liú Xǔ (折泉侯 劉 詡), Marquis of Zhéquán. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
l. Bóshí Qǐng-hóu Liú Yuān (博石 頃侯 劉 淵), Marquis of Bóshí from 48 until his death. He had issue:
i. Bóshí-hóu Liú Huò (博石侯 劉 獲), Marquis of Bóshí. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
m. Yaoān Jié-hóu Liú Shèng (要安 節侯 劉 勝), Marquis of Yaoān from 48 until his death. He had issue:
i. Yaoān Āi-hóu Liú Shǒu (要安 哀侯 劉 守), Marquis of Yaoān
n. Fángshān-hóu Liú Yǒng (房山 侯 劉 勇), Marquis of Fángshān from 48 until his death.
o. Shì Jié-hóu Liú Xiàn (式 節 侯 劉 憲), Marquis of Zhéquán from 48 until his death. He had issue:
i. Shì Āi-hóu Liú Bà (式 哀侯 劉 霸), Marquis of Shì. He died, childless, in 20 BC, andhis Marquisate was temporarily abolished.
ii. Shì-hóu Liú Méng (式侯 劉 萌), Marquis of Shì from 12 BC. He had issue:
1: Liú Gōng (劉 恭) He was captured with his brothers by the Red Eyebrows in AD 20. In 23 they sent him to the Sixteenth Han Emperor Gēngshǐdì, who made him a Palace Attendent and Marquis of Shì (式侯). Loyal to Gēngshǐdì, he was deeply ashamed when, in 25, the Red Eyebrows rebelled and appointed his own younger brother as their puppet Emperor; he had himself imprisoned. The Red Eyebrows captured the Capital a while later, but he escaped to help Gēngshǐdì, attempted to negotiate on Gēngshǐdì's behalf and eventually, when this failed, ensured Gēngshǐdì's burial. Seeing that the Red Eyebrows continued to rape and pillage, even though they were victorious, he called on his younger brother to abdicate, unsuccessfully. In 26, when the situation had become hopeless for the rebels he was sent to convey their surrender to Guāngwǔdì, the Eighteenth Emperor. He was pardoned, only to be murdered in 52 by a son of Gēngshǐdì.
2: Liú Mào (劉 茂). He was captured with his brothers by the Red Eyebrows in AD 20 and made a cattleherd. He persuaded his younger brother to accept the Imperial title in 25.
3: Jiànshì-dì Liú Pénzi (建世帝 劉 盆子), Seventeenth Emperor of Han (see below).
2. Jiāngyáng-hóu Liú Rén (江陽侯 劉 仁), Marquis of Jiāngyáng. He was Marquis from 75 until 65 when he was demoted to commoner for presuming to conscripting men for his militia from a nomadic tribe which belonged to the Emperor.
3. Gāoxiāng Jié-hóu Liú Xiū (高鄉 節侯 劉 休), Marquis of Gāoxiāng from 50 until his death. He had issue:
a. Gāoxiāng Qǐng-hóu Liú Xīng (高鄉 頃侯 劉 興), Marquis of Gāoxiāng. He had issue:
i. Gāoxiāng-hóu Liú Géshǐ (高鄉侯 劉 革始), Marquis of Gāoxiāng.
(b) Mài-hóu Liú Chāng (麥侯 劉 昌), Marquis of Mài. He was Marquis from 122 or 116 until he was demoted to commoner in 112 for tax evasion.
(c) Jùhé-hóu Liú Fā (鉅合侯 劉 發), Marquis of Jùhé. He was Marquis from 122 or 116 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
(d) Chāng-hóu Liú Cha (昌侯 劉 差), Marquis of Chāng. He was Marquis from 122 or 116 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
(e) Kuài-hóu Liú Fāng (蕢侯 劉 方), Marquis of Kuài. He was Marquis from 122 or 116 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
(f) Hūjiā Kāng-hóu Liú Zé (虖葭 康侯 劉 澤), Marquis of Hūjiā from 112 until his death in 62. He had issue:
(i) Hūjiā Yí-hóu Liú Wǔ (虖葭 夷侯 劉 舞), Marquis of Hūjiā from 62 until his death. He had issue:
1. Hūjiā Qǐng-hóu Liú Gé (虖葭頃侯 劉 閣), Marquis of Hūjiā. He had issue:
a. Hūjiā-hóu Liú Yǒng (虖葭侯 劉 永), Marquis of Hūjiā. He was demoted to commoner by the usurper, Wang Mang.
(g) Yuánluò-hóu Liú Gǎn (原洛侯 劉 敢), Marquis of Yuánluò from 116 until his execution for murder in 90.
(h) Xiéshù-hóu Liú Kūnjǐng (挾術侯 劉 昆景) Marquis of Xiéshù from 116 until his death in 100.
(i) Jiā Lí-hóu Liú Bà (挾 釐侯 劉 霸), Marquis of Jiā. He became Marquis in 116 and died in 82. He had issue:
(i) Jiā Yí-hóu Liú Qī (挾 夷侯 劉 戚) Marquis of Jiā. He became Marquis in 82 and died in 61. He had issue:
1. Jiā Jué-hóu Liú Xián (挾 爵侯 劉 賢) Marquis of Jiā. He became Marquis in 61. He had issue:
a. Jiā Qǐng-hóu Liú Sī (挾 頃侯 劉 思) Marquis of Jiā. He had issue:
i. Jiā Xiào-hóu Liú Zhòng (挾 孝侯 劉 眾) Marquis of Jiā.
(j) Lì Jié-hóu Liú Ràng (朸 節侯 劉 讓), Marquis of Lì. He became Marquis in 122 or 116. He had issue:
(i) Lì-hóu Liú Xīng (朸侯 劉 興), Marquis of Lì. He was murdered.
(k) Wénchéng-hóu Liú Guāng (文成侯 劉 光), Marquis of Wénchéng from 122 until he was deposed in 112 for tax evasion.
(l) Jiào Jìng-hóu Liú Yún (挍靖侯 劉 雲), Marquis of Jiào from 122 or 116 until he was deposed in 112 for tax evasion.
(m) Yōng-hóu Liú Yú (庸侯 劉 餘), Marquis of Yōng
(n) Dí-hóu Liú Shòu (翟侯 劉 壽), Marquis of Dí from 122 or 116 until he was deposed in 112 for tax evasion.
(o) Zhān-hóu Liú Yīng (鱣侯 劉 應), Marquis of Zhān from 122 or 116 until he was deposed in 112 for tax evasion.
(p) Péng-hóu Liú Qiang (彭侯 劉 強), Marquis of Péng from 122 or 116 until he was deposed in 112 for tax evasion
(q) Zhí Jié-hóu Liú Xī (瓡 節侯 劉 息), Marquis of Zhí from 122 or 116 until his death in 62. He had issue:
(i) Zhí Zhì-hóu Liú Shǒu (瓡 質侯 劉 守), Marquis of Zhí from 62.
(r) Xūshuǐ Kāng-hóu Liú Yǔ (虛水 康侯 劉 禹), Marquis of Xūshuǐ from 122 or 116 until his death in 69. He had issue:
(i) Xūshuǐ Xī-hóu Liú Jué (虛水 息侯 劉 爵), Marquis of Xūshuǐ from 69 until his death in 54. He had issue:
1. Xūshuǐ-hóu Liú Chǎng (虛水侯 劉 敞), Marquis of Xūshuǐ. He became Marquis in 54 but was demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang sometime before AD 10.
(s) Dōnghuái-hóu Liú Lèi (東淮侯 劉 類), Marquis of Dōnghuái from 122 or 116 until he was deposed in 112 for tax evasion
(t) Jū-hóu Liú Xián (拘侯 劉 賢), Marquis of Jū from 122 or 116 until he was deposed in 112 for tax evasion
(u) Yù-hóu Liú Bùyí (淯侯 劉 不疑), Marquis of Yù. He became Marquis in 122 or 116 but was demoted to commoner in 112 for tax evasion.
(2) Léi-hóu Liú Xī (雷侯 劉 豨), Marquis of Léi from 127 until he was deposed in 112 for tax evasion.
(3) Dōngguān-hóu Liú Jí (東莞侯 劉 吉), Marquis of Dōngguān from 127 until he was deposed in 122 for being too ill to perform his duties.
(4) Pìtǔ Jié-hóu Liú Zhuàng (辟土 節侯 劉 壯), Marquis of Pìtǔ from 127 until his death in 124. He had issue:
(a) Pìtǔ-hóu Liú Míng (辟土侯 劉 明), Marquis of Pìtǔ from 124 until he was deposed in 112 for tax evasion.
(5) Lìxiāng-hóu Liú Yīng (利鄉侯 劉 嬰), Marquis of Lìxiāng from 125 until he was deposed in 120 for criminal activity.
(6) Yǒulì-hóu Liú Dīng (有利侯 劉 釘). He was made Marquis of Yǒulì in 125 and executed in 122 for communicating with the King of Huainan.
(7) Dōngpíng-hóu Liú Qìng (東平侯 劉 慶), Marquis of Dōngpíng from 124 until he was deposed in 120 for incest with his sister. He died of illness in prison.
(8) Yùnpíng-hóu Liú Xīn (運平侯 劉 訢), Marquis of Yùnpíng from 125 until he was deposed in 112 for tax evasion.
(9) Shānzhōu-hóu Liú Chǐ (山州侯 劉 齒). He was made Marquis of Shanzhou in 125 and deposed in 112 for tax evasion. In 111 he was sent to face the forces of the East Yue, in the far south, but he failed to engage and was executed for cowardice.
(10) Liáoyīng-hóu Liú Fú (繚嫈侯 劉 福), Marquis of Liáoyīng. He was Marquis of Hǎicháng (海常侯) from 125 until he was demoted to commoner in 112 for tax evasion. He then served in a campaign against the southern state of East Yue, being rewarded in 110 with the title Marquis of Liáoyīng, only to be demoted to commoner again in 108.
(11) Zōuqiū Jìng-hóu Liú Kuān (騶丘 敬侯 劉 寬), Marquis of Zōuqiū. Marquis from 125 until his death in 119. He had issue:
(a) Zōuqiū Yuán-hóu Liú Bàodé (騶丘 原侯 劉 報德), Marquis of Zōuqiū. Marquis from 119 until his death. He had issue:
(i) A son who was murdered by his younger brother before 72.
(ii) Zōuqiū-hóu Liú Wúhài (騶丘侯 劉 毋害), Marquis of Zōuqiū. He was executed in 72 for the murder of his brother, and his marquisate was abolished.
(12) Nánchéng Jié-hóu Liú Zhēn (南城 節侯 劉 貞), Marquis of Nánchéng. Marquis from 125 until his death in 83. He had issue:
(a) Nánchéng Dài-hóu Liú Měng (南城 戴侯 劉 猛), Marquis of Nánchéng. Marquis from 83 until his death in 61. He had issue:
(i) Nánchéng Yuán-hóu Liú Zūn (南城 元侯 劉 尊), Marquis of Nánchéng. Marquis from 61 until his death in 58. He had issue:
1. Nánchéng Lí-hóu Liú Chōngguó (南城 釐侯 劉 充國), Marquis of Nánchéng. He was Marquis from 58 until his death. He had issue:
a. Nánchéng Qǐng-hóu Liú Suì (南城 頃侯 劉 遂), Marquis of Nánchéng.
i. Nánchéng-hóu Liú Yǒu (南城侯 劉 友), Marquis of Nánchéng. He was demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang, around AD 9.
(13) Guǎnglíng Sī-hóu Liú Qiú (廣陵 虒侯 劉 裘), Marquis of Guǎnglíng from 125 until his death in 118. He had issue:
i) Guǎnglíng-hóu Liú Chéng (廣陵侯 劉 成), Marquis of Guǎnglíng. He was Marquis from 118 until he was demoted to commoner in 112 for tax evasion.
(14) Dùyuán-hóu Liú Gāo (杜原侯 劉 皋), Marquis of Dùyuán from 125 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
(1) A daughter who had an incestuous relationship with her brother, the Marquis of Dōngpíng in 120.
c) Jìběi-wáng Liú Xīngjū (濟北王 劉 興居), King of Jìběi. He was made Marquis of Dōngmóu in 183 by the Empress Dowager Lǚ, but he was subsequently involved in the King of Qi’s successful revolt against the Dowager in 180. It was he who ultimately deposed the Fourth Emperor, Shaodì. He was rewarded by Wéndì, the Fifth Emperor, with the Kingdom of Jìběi (a northern portion of the former kingdom of Qi) in 178. This was significantly less than he had expected to receive and he revolted unsuccessfully in 177. Captured, he committed suicide.
d) Guǎn Gòng-hóu Liú Pijūn (管共侯 劉 罷軍), Marquis of Guǎn from 176 to his death in 174. He had issue:
i) Guǎn-hóu Liú Róngnú (管侯 劉 戎奴), Marquis of Guǎn from 174, he joined the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms in 154 and was executed.
e) Shiqiu-hóu Liú Níngguó (氏兵侯 劉 寗國). He was made Marquis of Shiqiu, Guaqiu or Chiqiu in 176 and died in 165. He had issue:
i) Shiqiu-hóu Liú Yǎn (氏兵侯 劉 偃), Marquis of Shiqiu from 165, he joined the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms in 154 and was executed.
f) Yíng Píng-hóu Liú Xìndū (營平侯 劉 信都), He was made Marquis of Yíng in 176 and died in 166. He had issue:
i) Yíng-hóu Liú Guǎng (營侯 劉 廣), Marquis of Yíng from 166, he joined the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms in 154 and was executed.
g) Yángqiū Gong-hóu Liú Ān (楊丘 共侯 劉 安). He was made Marquis of Yangqiu in 176 and died in 164. He had issue:
i) Yángqiū-hóu Liú Yǎn (楊丘侯 劉 偃), Marquis of Yángqiū from 164 until 153 when he was demoted to commoner for leaving his kingdom without permission. He may have been the author of a collection of fu & pian poetry.
h) Qí Xiào-wáng Liú Jiānglú (齊孝王 劉 廬), King of Qi. He was Marquis of Yángxū and became King of (a much-reduced) Qi in 164. He took as a concubine Huáng-jī (黄姬). He was pressured by his brothers to join the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms against Jǐngdì, the Sixth Emperor of Han, in 154. He refused, and was beseiged by their forces. After the rebellion was defeated, he was accused of negotiating with the rebels and committed suicide. He had issue:
i) Qí Yì-wáng Liú Shòu (齊 懿王 劉 壽), King of Qi. He became king in 153, his father having been posthumously cleared of any wrongdoing. He married Jì-tàihòu (紀太后) and died in 131. He had issue:
(1) Qí Lì-wáng Liú Cìchāng (齊 厲王 劉 次昌), King of Qi (son of Ji). He was dominated by his mother, who gave him several of her relatives as concubines. This became a problem when the Empress of Han decided she wanted one of her granddaughters to marry the king of Qi. Criminal investigations followed and Cìchāng, believing arrest to be inevitable, committed suicide in 126. His kingdom was abolished.
(2) Liú Zé (劉 澤). Shortly after the Eight Emperor’s accession in 87, he plotted to revolt and murder the Inspector of Qīng Province but he was discovered and executed.
(1) Jì Wěng-zhǔ (紀 蓊主) (daughter of Ji). At the instigation of her mother, she entered an incestuous relationship with her brother, the King of Qi.
ii) Bóyáng Qǐng-hóu Liú Jiù (博陽 頃侯 劉 就), Marquis of Bóyáng from 126 until his death in 114. He had issue:
(1) Bóyáng-hóu Liú Zhōnggǔ (博陽侯 劉 終古), Marquis of Bóyáng from 114 until he was demoted to commoner in 112 for tax evasion.
iii) Piyáng Jìng-hóu Liú Yàn (被陽 敬侯 劉 燕), Marquis of Piyáng from 126 until his death in 112. He had issue:
(1) Piyáng Kuà-hóu Liú Yǎn (被陽 㐄侯 劉 偃), Marquis of Piyáng from 112 until his death in 85. He had issue:
(a) Piyáng Qǐng-hóu Liú Shòu (被陽 頃侯 劉 壽), Marquis of Piyáng from 85 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Piyáng Xiào-hóu Liú Dìng (被陽 孝侯 劉 定), Marquis of Piyáng. He had issue:
1. Piyáng Jié-hóu Liú Hóng (被陽 節侯 劉 閎), Marquis of Piyáng. He had issue:
a. Piyáng-hóu Liú Guǎng (被陽侯 劉 廣), Marquis of Piyáng. He was demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang.
iv) Dìng Fū-hóu Liú Yuè (定 敷侯 劉 越), Marquis of Dìng. He was Marquis from 125 until his death in 113. He had issue:
(1) Dìng Sī-hóu Liú Dé (定 思侯 劉 德), Marquis of Dìng. He was Marquis from 113 until his death in 62. He had issue:
(a) Dìng Xiàn-hóu Liú Fú (定 憲侯 劉 福), Marquis of Dìng. He was Marquis from 62 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Dìng Gōng-hóu Liú Tāng (定 恭侯 劉 湯), Marquis of Dìng. He had issue:
1. Dìng Dìng-hóu Liú Chéng (定 定侯 劉 乘), Marquis of Dìng. He was demoted to commoner by the usurper, Wang Mang.
v) Dào Yí-hóu Liú Dìng (稻 夷侯 劉 定). He was made Marquis of Dào in 124 and died in 116. He had issue:
(1) Dào Jiǎn-hóu Liú Yángdū (稻 簡侯 劉 陽都), Marquis of Dào from 116 until his death in 72. He had issue:
(a) Dào Dài-hóu Liú Xian (稻 戴侯 劉 咸), Marquis of Dào from 72 until his death in 50. He had issue:
(i) Dào Qǐng-hóu Liú Yuè (稻 頃侯 劉 閱), Marquis of Dào from 53 until his death. He had issue:
1. Dào-hóu Liú Yǒng (稻侯 劉 永), Marquis of Dào. He was demoted to commoner by the usurper, Wang Mang.
vi) Shān Yuán-hóu Liú Guó (山 原侯 劉 國), Marquis of Shān. He was Marquis from 125 until his death in 98. He had issue:
(1) Shān Kāng-hóu Liú Qì (山 康侯 劉 棄), Marquis of Shān. He was Marquis from 98 until his death in 84. He had issue:
(a) Shān Ān-hóu Liú Shǒu (山 安侯 劉 守), Marquis of Shān. He was Marquis from 84 until his death in 62. He had issue:
(i) Shān-hóu Liú Fā (山侯 劉 發), Marquis of Shān. He was Marquis from 62 until his death in 52. He had issue:
1. Shān Xiào-hóu Liú Wàirén (山 孝侯 劉 外人), Marquis of Shān. He was Marquis from 62 until his death in 34.
vii) Fánān Yí-hóu Liú Zhōng (繁安 夷侯 劉 忠), Marquis of Fánān. He was Marquis from 125 until his death in 107. He had issue:
(1) Fánān Ān-hóu Liú Shǒu (繁安 安侯 劉 守), Marquis of Fánān. He was Marquis from 107 until his death in 101. He had issue:
(a) Fánān Jié-hóu Liú Shòuhàn (繁安 節侯 劉 壽漢), Marquis of Fánān. He was Marquis from 101 until his death in 76. He had issue:
(i) Fánān Qǐng-hóu Liú Jiā (繁安 頃侯 劉 嘉), Marquis of Fánān. He was Marquis from 76 until his death. He had issue:
1. Fánān Xiào-hóu Liú Guāng (繁安 孝侯 劉 光), Marquis of Fánān. He had issue:
a. Fánān-hóu Liú Qǐ (繁安侯 劉 起), Marquis of Fánān.
viii) Liǔ Kāng-hóu Liú Yángyǐ (柳 康侯 劉 陽已), Marquis of Liǔ. He was Marquis from 125 until his death in 113. He had issue:
(1) Liǔ Fū-hóu Liú Bàshī (柳 敷侯 劉 罷師), Marquis of Liǔ from 113 until his death 106. He had issue:
(a) Liǔ Yú-hóu Liú Zìwéi (柳 于侯 劉 自為), Marquis of Liǔ from 106 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Liǔ Ān-hóu Liú Xié (柳 安侯 劉 攜), Marquis of Liǔ. He had issue:
1. Liǔ Mù-hóu Liú Kē (柳 繆侯 劉 軻), Marquis of Liǔ. He had issue:
a. Liǔ-hóu Liú Shǒu (柳侯 劉 守), Marquis of Liǔ. He was demoted to commoner by the usurper, Wang Mang.
ix) Yún Yí-hóu Liú Xìn (雲 夷侯 劉 信), Marquis of Yún. He was Marquis from 125 until his death in 111. He had issue:
(1) Yún-hóu Liú Màofā (雲侯 劉 茂發), Marquis of Yún. He was Marquis from 111 until his death in 95. He had issue:
(a) Yún Kāng-hóu Liú Suì (雲 康侯 劉 遂), Marquis of Yún. He was Marquis from 95 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Yún Lí-hóu Liú Zhōnggǔ (雲 釐侯 劉 終古), Marquis of Yún. He had issue:
1. Yún-hóu Liú Dézhī (雲侯 劉 得之), Marquis of Yún. He was demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang.
x) Móupíng Gòng-hóu Liú Xiè (牟平 共侯 劉 渫), Marquis of Móupíng from 125 until his death in 120. He had issue:
(1) Móupíng Jié-hóu Liú Nú (牟平 節侯 劉 奴), Marquis of Móupíng from 120 until his death in 95. He had issue:
(a) Móupíng Jìng-hóu Liú Gēngshēng (牟平 敬侯 劉 更生), Marquis of Móupíng from 95 until his death in 66. He had issue:
(i) Móupíng Kāng-hóu Liú Jiàn (牟平 康侯 劉 建), Marquis of Móupíng from 66 until his death in 65. He had issue:
1. Móupíng Xiào-hóu Liú Hé (牟平 孝侯 劉 齕), Marquis of Móupíng from 65 until his death. He had issue:
a. Móupíng Lí-hóu Liú Wēi (牟平 釐侯 劉 威), Marquis of Móupíng. He had issue:
i. Móupíng-hóu Liú Long (牟平侯 劉 隆), Marquis of Móupíng. He was demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang.
xi) Chái Yuán-hóu Liú Dài (柴 原侯 劉 代), Marquis of Chái. He was Marquis from 125 until his death in 91. He had issue:
(1) Chái Jié-hóu Liú Shèngzhī (柴 節侯 劉 勝之), Marquis of Chái. He was Marquis from 91 until his death in 64. He had issue:
(a) Chái Jìng-hóu Liú Xián (柴 敬侯 劉 賢), Marquis of Chái. He was Marquis from 64 until his death in 63. He had issue:
(i) Chái Kāng-hóu Liú Qí (柴 康侯 劉 齊), Marquis of Chái. He was Marquis from 63 until his death. He had issue:
1. Chái Gōng-hóu Liú Mòrú (柴 恭侯 劉 莫如), Marquis of Chái.
xii) Gāolè Kāng-hóu Liú (高樂 康侯 劉), Marquis of Gāolè.
i) Jìnán-wáng Liú Bìguāng (濟南王 劉 辟光), King of Jìnán. He was Marquis of Le from 176 until 164 when he was made King of Jìnán (southern portion of the former Kingdom of Qi) by Wéndì, the Fifth Emperor of Han. He joined the 154 Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms at the instigation of his older brothers and took a leading role at the Siege of Linzi. For his part in the revolt he was executed in 153 and his kingdom abolished.
j) Zīchuān Yì-wáng Liú Zhì (菑川 懿王 劉 志), King of Zīchuān. He was Marquis of Āndū from 176 until 164 when he became King of Jìběi (northern portion of the former kingdom of Qi). He joined the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms in 154 but he failed to get his troops together in time. As a result, he was pardoned and made King of Zīchuān. He died in 129.
i) Zīchuān Jìngwáng Liú Jiàn (菑川 靖王 劉 建), King of Zīchuān. He became king in 129 and died in 109. He had issue:
(1) Zīchuān Qǐng-wáng Liú Yí (菑川 頃王 劉 遺), King of Zīchuān. He became king in 109 and died in 74. He had issue:
(a) Zīchuān Sī-wáng Liú Zhōnggǔ (菑川 思王 劉 終古), King of Zīchuān. He became king in 74 and died in 46. He had issue:
(i) Zīchuān Kǎo-wáng Liú Shàng (菑川 考王 劉 尚), King of Zīchuān. He became king in 46 and died in 40. He had issue:
1. Zīchuān Xiào-wáng Liú Héng (菑川 孝王 劉 橫), King of Zīchuān. He became king in 40 and died in 9 BC. He had issue:
a. Zīchuān Huái-wáng Liú Yǒu/Jiāo (菑川 懷王 劉 友/交), King of Zīchuān. He became king in 9 and died in 3 BC. He had issue:
i. Zīchuān-gōng Liú Yǒng (菑川公 劉 永), Duke of Zīchuān. He became king in 3BC and was demoted to Duke in AD 9 by Wang Mang, who was in the process of seizing power from the Han Dynasty.
b. Běixiāng-hóu Liú Tán (北鄉侯 劉 譚), Marquis of Běixiāng from 35 until he was demoted to commoner in AD 9 by the usurper, Wang Mang.
c. Guǎnglí-hóu Liú Biàn (廣釐侯 劉 便), Marquis of Guǎnglí. He was Marquis from 33 until his death. He had issue:
i. Guǎnglí Jié-hóu Liú Hù (廣釐 節侯 劉 護), Marquis of Guǎnglí. He had issue:
1: Guǎnglí-hóu Liú Yǔ (廣釐侯 劉 宇), Marquis of Guǎnglí.
d. Píngguǎng Jié-hóu Liú Fú (平廣 節侯 劉), Marquis of Píngguǎng. Marquis from 33 until his death. He had issue:
i. Pínguǎng-hóu Liú Jiā (平廣侯 劉 嘉), Marquis of Píngguǎng. He was demoted to commoner at an unknown date.
e. Táixiāng-hóu Liú Zhěn (臺鄉侯 劉 畛), Marquis of Táixiāng from 8 BC until he was demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang in AD 9.
(2) Lù Yuán-Hóu Liú Hé (陸 元侯 劉 何), Marquis of Lù from 122 or 116 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Lù Yuán-Hóu Liú Jia (陸 原侯 劉 賈), Marquis of Lù. He had issue:
1. Lù-Hóu Liú Yánshòu (陸侯 劉 延壽), Marquis of Lù. He was demoted to commoner in 55 for harbouring a criminal.
(3) Guǎngráo Kāng-hóu Liú Guó (廣饒 康侯 劉 國), Marquis of Guǎngráo. He was Marquis from 116 until his death in 67. He had issue:
(i) Guǎngráo Gòng-hóu Liú Fāng (廣饒 共侯 劉 坊), Marquis of Guǎngráo. He was Marquis from 67 until his death in 53. He had issue:
1. Guǎngráo-hóu Liú Lín (廣饒侯 劉 麟), Marquis of Guǎngráo from 53 until he was deposed by the usurper Wang Mang.
(4) Bíng Jìng-hóu Liú Chéng (缾 敬侯 劉 成), Marquis of Bíng. He was Marquis from 122 until his death in 68. He had issue:
(i) Bíng Qǐng-hóu Liú Lóng (缾 頃侯 劉 龍), Marquis of Bíng from 68 until his death in 64. He had issue:
1. Bíng Yuán-hóu Liú Róng (缾 原侯 劉 融), Marquis of Bíng. He had issue:
a. Bíng-hóu Liú Mǐn (缾侯 劉 閔), Marquis of Bíng. He was demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang.
(5) Yúlǘ Yáng-hóu Liú Wúhài (俞閭 煬侯 劉 毋害), Marquis of Yúlǘ. He was Marquis from 125 until his death in 67. He had issue:
(i) Yúlǘ Yuán-hóu Liú Kuàng (俞閭 原侯 劉 況), Marquis of Yúlǘ. He was Marquis from 67 until his death in 57. He had issue:
1. Yúlǘ-hóu Liú Lín (俞閭侯 劉 暽), Marquis of Yúlǘ. He was Marquis from 57 until his death in 46.
ii) Lóngqiū-hóu Liú Dài (龍丘侯 劉代), Marquis of Lóngqiū from 127 until he was deposed in 112 for tax evasion (According to the Hanshu)
iii) Jù Yuán-hóu Liú Cuò (劇 原侯 劉 錯), Marquis of Jù from 127 until his death in 115. He had issue:
(1) Jù Xiào-hóu Liú Guǎngchāng (劇 孝侯 劉 廣昌), Marquis of Jù from 115 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Jù Dài-hóu Liú Gú (劇 戴侯 劉 骨), Marquis of Jù. He had issue:
(i) Jù Zhì-hóu Liú Jí (劇 質侯 劉 吉), Marquis of Jù. He had issue:
1. Jù Jié-hóu Liú Xiāo (劇 節侯 劉 囂), Marquis of Jù. He had issue:
a. Jù-hóu Liú Shèngróng (劇侯 劉 勝容), Marquis of Jù.
iv) Rǎng Yí-hóu Liú Gāosuì (壤 夷侯 劉 高遂), Marquis of Rǎng from 127 until his death in 125. He had issue:
(1) Rǎng Hú-hóu Liú Yánnián (壤 胡侯 劉 延年), Marquis of Rǎng from 125 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Rǎng Jié-hóu Liú Shèngshí (壤 節侯 劉 勝時), Marquis of Rǎng. He had issue:
(i) Rǎng-hóu Liú Kěshì (壤侯 劉 可置), Marquis of Rǎng.
v) Píngwàng Yí-hóu Liú Shǎng (平望 夷侯 劉 賞), Marquis of Píngwàng from 127 until his death in 120. He had issue:
(1) Píngwàng Yuán-hóu Liú Chǔrén (平望 原侯 劉 楚人), Marquis of Píngwàng from 120 until his death in 94. He had issue:
(a) Píngwàng Jìng-hóu Liú Guāng (平望 敬侯 劉 光), Marquis of Píngwàng from 94 until his death in 58. He had issue:
(i) Píngwàng Qǐng-hóu Liú Qǐ (平望 頃侯 劉 起), Marquis of Píngwàng from 58 until his death. He had issue:
1. Píngwàng Xiào-hóu Liú Jūn (平望 孝侯 劉 均), Marquis of Píngwàng. He had issue:
a. Píngwàng-hóu Liú Dàn (平望侯 劉 旦), Marquis of Píngwàng.
vi) Línzhòng Jìng-hóu Liú Shǐchāng (臨眾 敬侯 劉 始昌), Marquis of Línzhòng from 127 until his death in 96. He had issue:
(1) Línzhòng Kāng-hóu Liú Géshēng (臨眾 康侯 劉 革生), Marquis of Línzhòng from 96 until his death in 78. He had issue:
(a) Línzhòng Qǐng-hóu Liú Guǎngpíng (臨眾 頃侯 劉 廣平), Marquis of Línzhòng from 78 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Línzhòng Yuán-hóu Liú Nóng (臨眾 原侯 劉 農), Marquis of Línzhòng. He had issue:
1. Línyuán Jié-hóu Liú Lǐ (臨原 節侯 劉 理), Marquis of Línyuán. He had issue:
a. Línyuán Lí-hóu Liú Xián (臨原 釐侯 劉 賢), Marquis of Línyuán. He had issue:
i. Línyuán-hóu Liú Shāng (臨原侯 劉 商), Marquis of Línyuán. He was deposed and his marquisate abolished by Wang Mang, who was in the process of seizing power from the Han Dynasty
vii) Gékuí Jié-hóu Liú Kuān (葛魁 節侯 劉 寬), Marquis of Gékuí from 127 until his death in 119. He had issue:
(1) Gékuí-hóu Liú Qī (葛魁侯 劉 戚), Marquis of Gékuí from 119 until 114 when he was executed for murder and his marquisate abolished.
ix) Píngdí Dài-hóu Liú Qiang (平的 戴侯 劉 強), Marquis of Píngdí from 127 until his death in 110. He had issue:
(1) Píngdí Sī-hóu Liú Zhōngshí (平的 思侯 劉 中時), Marquis of Píngdí from 110 until his death, perhaps in 94. He had issue:
(a) Píngdí Jié-hóu Liú Fú (平的 節侯 劉 福), Marquis of Píngdí from, perhaps 94 until his death, in either 81 or 58. He had issue:
(i) Píngdí Qǐng-hóu Liú Bí (平的 頃侯 劉 鼻), Marquis of Píngdí from either 81 or 58 until his death. He had issue:
1. Píngdí Lí-hóu Liú Lìqīn (平的 釐侯劉 利親), Marquis of Píngdí. He had issue:
a. Píngdí-hóu Liú Xuān (平的侯 劉 宣), Marquis of Píngdí.
x) Jùkuí Yí-hóu Hēi (劇魁 夷侯 劉 黑), Marquis of Jùkuí from 127 until his death in 122. He had issue:
(1) Jùkuí Sī-hóu Zhāo (劇魁 思侯 劉 招), Marquis of Jùkuí from 122 until his death in 119. He had issue:
(a) Jùkuí Kāng-hóu Dé (劇魁 康侯 劉 德), Marquis of Jùkuí from 119 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Jùkuí Xiào-hóu Lì Qīn (劇魁 孝侯 劉 利親), Marquis of Jùkuí. He had issue:
1. Jùkuí Lí-hóu Yīng (劇魁 釐侯 劉 嬰), Marquis of Jùkuí. He had issue:
a. Jùkuí-hóu Xiàng (劇魁侯 劉 向), Marquis of Jùkuí.
xi) Shòu Liáng-hóu Liú Shǒu (壽 梁侯 劉 守), Marquis of Shòu.
xii) Píngdù Kāng-hóu Liú Xing (平度 康侯 劉 行), Marquis of Píngdù from 127 until his death in 80. He had issue:
(1) Píngdù Jié-hóu Liú Qìngjì (平度 節侯 劉 慶忌), Marquis of Píngdù from 80 until his death in 77. He had issue:
(a) Píngdù Zhì-hóu Liú Shuàijūn (平度 質侯 劉 帥軍), Marquis of Píngdù from 77 until his death. He had issue:
(i) Píngdù Qǐng-hóu Liú Qīn (平度 頃侯 劉 欽), Marquis of Píngdù. He had issue:
1. Píngdù Xiào-hóu Liú Zōng (平度 孝侯 劉 宗), Marquis of Píngdù. He had issue:
a. Píngdù-hóu Liú Jiā (平度侯 劉 嘉), Marquis of Píngdù.
xiii) Yíchéng Kāng-hóu Liú Yǎn (宜成 康侯 劉 偃), Marquis of Yíchéng from 127 until his death in 116. He had issue:
(1) Yíchéng-hóu Liú Fú (宜成侯 劉 福), Marquis of Yíchéng. He was Marquis from 116 until his execution in 104, for the murder of his brother.
(2) A son, who was murdered by his elder brother before 104.
xiv) Línqú Yí-hóu Liú Nú (臨朐 夷 侯劉 奴), Marquis of Línqú from 127 until his death in 86. He had issue:
(1) Línqú Dài-hóu Liú Chéng (臨朐 戴侯 劉 乘), Marquis of Línqú. He was Marquis from 86 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Línqú Jié-hóu Liú Shǎng (臨朐 節侯 劉 賞), Marquis of Línqú. He had issue:
(i) Línqú Xiào-hóu Liú Xìn (臨朐 孝侯 劉 信), Marquis of Línqú. He had issue:
1. Línqú Dōnghǎiān-hóu Liú Yī (臨朐 東 海安侯 劉 禕), Marquis of Línqú. He had issue:
a. Línqú-hóu Liú Cén (臨朐侯 劉 岑), Marquis of Línqú.
k) Jiāoxī-wáng Liú Áng (膠西王 劉 卬), King of Jiāoxī. He was made Marquis of Pingchang in 176 and in 164 he was promoted to be King of Jiaoxi (One of the seven kingdoms into which Qi had been divided). The Kings of Wu and Chu convinced him to join the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms against Jǐngdì, the Sixth Emperor of Han, in 154 in which he took a leading role at the Siege of Linzi. He was executed in 153 and his kingdom abolished. He had issue:
i) Liú Dé (劉 德). He tried to convince his father to continue the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, long after all hope of success was lost.
l) Zīchuān-wáng Liú Xián (菑川王 劉 賢), King of Zīchuān. He was Marquis of Wǔchéng until 164 when he was made a King by Wéndì, the Fifth Emperor of Han. He was forced to join the 154 Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms by his older brother and was killed in battle.
m) Jiāodōng-wáng Liú Xióngqú (膠東王 劉 雄渠), King of Jiāodōng. He was Marquis of Báishí until 164 when he was made King of Jiāodōng by Wéndì, the Fifth Emperor of Han. He joined the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms in 154, was killed and his Kingdom abolished.
2) Hàn Xiào Huì-huángdì Liú Yíng (漢 孝 惠皇帝 劉 盈), Second Emperor of Han (see below) (son of Lǚ)
3) Zhào Yǐn-wáng Liú Rúyì (趙 隱王 劉 如意), King of Zhào. Born around 205, he was made King of Dai by his father, First Emperor Liu Bang, in 200, but promoted to King of Zhao in 198. He was his father’s favourite son, but the Empress Lǚ successfully prevented him from being made heir over her own son. In 195, shortly after his father’s death, he was summoned to court, where he became close friends with his brother Huìdì, the Second Emperor. However his step-mother Lǚ, now Empress Dowager, perceived him as a threat, and had him poisoned in 195 or, probably, 194. (son of Qī)
4) Hàn Tàizōng Xiào Wén-huángdì Liú Héng (漢 太宗 孝 文皇帝 劉 恆), Fifth Emperor of Han (see below) (son of Bo)
5) Zhào Gòng-wáng Liú Huī (趙 共王 劉 恢), King of Zhào. He was made King of Liáng by his father in 196 after the former ruler had rebelled against the new dynasty. He was promoted to King of Zhao in 181, by Empress Dowager Lǚ. As the previous two Kings of Zhao had been murdered by said Empress Dowager, he was nervous about this appointment and remained in Cháng'ān, serving as Grand Tutor to the Fourth Emperor, Shaodì. He was married to a daughter of Liáng-wáng Lǚ Chǎn (梁王 呂 產), King of Liang, a relative of the Empress Dowager, but was in love with a concubine, whom the Dowager had poisoned. In despair, he committed suicide in 181.
6) Zhào Yōu-wáng Liú Yǒu (趙 幽王 劉 友), King of Zhào. He was made King of Huáiyáng by his father in 196 after the former ruler had rebelled. He was promoted to King of Zhao in 194, after his brother, the old King, was poisoned by the Empress Dowager. He was married to a relative of the Empress Dowager, but in love with a concubine. Jealous, his wife accused him of conspiracy against the Dowager and had him sent to the capital, where the Dowager starved him to death in 181. He had issue:
a) Zhào-wáng Liú Suì (趙王 劉 遂), King of Zhào. He was passed over as King of Zhao after his father’s death in favour of his uncle Liú Huī and was only became King of Zhao during the revolts which followed the Dowager’s death. He participated in the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms against Jǐngdì, the Sixth Emperor of Han, in 156, was captured, and committed suicide.
b) Héjiān-wáng Liú Bìqiǎng (河間王 劉 辟彊), King of Héjiān. Wéndì, the Fifth Emperor, raised him to King of Héjiān in 178. He died in 165.
i) Héjiān-wáng Liú Fu (河間王 劉 福), King of Héjiān from 165 until his death in 164.
7) Huáinán Lì-wáng Liú Cháng (淮南 厲王 劉 長), King of Huáinán. Born in 199, he was made King of Huáinán, the largest kingdom in the Empire, by his father in 196 after the former ruler had revolted against him. He was a candidate for Emperor following the fall of the Empress Dowager in 180, but was passed over as too young. In 177 he killed a prominent member of court, but was pardoned by his brother, Wéndì, the Fifth Emperor. He nevertheless plotted to revolt against Wéndì in 174, but was detected and deposed. He was pardoned and was to be reassigned to a new Kingdom in south-western China, but he starved himself to death shortly thereafter and this never took effect (son of Zhào). He had issue:
a) Huáinán-wáng Liú Ān (淮南王 劉 安), King of Huáinán. Born 181, he was made Marquis of Fùlíng in 172 and King of Huáinán in 164. He desired to join the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms in 154 against Jǐngdì, the Sixth Emperor, but was prevented by his Chancellor. He was a great patron of the poets, and much of the work they produced at his court still survives. His Kingdom bordered on those of the Yue people of the far south and he wrote a long submission to the Emperor recommending that they not be conquered, which also survives. In the time of Wǔdì, the Seventh Emperor, he became convinced that he was being mistreated and that the Empire was in serious danger of collapse. In 122 his vague plots for rebellion were detected; he was executed and his kingdom abolished. He had issue:
i) Liǎo-tàizǐ Liú Qiān (蓼太子 劉 遷). Heir to the Kingdom of Huáinán, he was involved in his father’s plots against Emperor Wǔdì. Realising that his father had stalled too long, he attempted to start the revolt in 122, leading to the detection of the family’s seditious activity. He attempted suicide, but failed and was executed in 122. He married a daughter of Wǔdì's sister.
ii) Liú Bùhài (劉 不害) (son of a concubine). He had issue:
(1) Liú Jiàn (劉 建). He reported the conspiracies of his uncle, Liú Qiān, Heir to the Kingdom of Huáinán, to the Imperial Court in the hope that his father might replace the traitor as heir.
i) Liú Líng (劉 陵). She dwelt in the Han capital of Cháng'ān serving as her father’s source of court events. After her family’s plots were uncovered in 122 it was discovered that she had been having relations with several members of the Han court.
b) Jìběi Zhēn-wáng Liú Bó (濟北 貞王 劉 勃), King of Jibei. He was Marquis of Ānyáng from 172 until 164 when Wéndì, the Fifth Emperor, promoted him to King of Hengshan. He refused to join the 154 Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms against Jǐngdì, the Sixth Emperor. He became King of the recently vacated Kingdom of Jibei in 153 and died in 151. He had issue:
i) Jìběi Chéng-wáng Liú Hú (濟北 成王 劉 胡), King of Jibei. He was King from 151 until his death in 97. He married Guāng (光). and took as a concubine Xiào-ér (孝兒). He had issue:
(1) Jìběi-wáng Liú Kuān (濟北王 劉 寬), King of Jìběi. He was King from 97 until 87 when he committed suicide after plotting to rebel or after being charged with cursing the Emperor and having incestual relations with his father's consorts.
ii) Yīnān Kāng-hóu Liú Bùhài (陰安 康侯 劉 不害). He was Marquis of Yīnān from 126 until his death in 115.
iii) Róngjiǎn-hóu Liú Qiān (榮簡侯 劉 騫), Marquis of Róngjiǎn. He was Marquis from 126 until 120 when he was demoted to commoner for conspiracy to murder.
iv) Zhōuwàng Kāng-hóu Liú Hé (周望 康侯 劉 何), Marquis of Zhōuwàng from 126 until his death in 118. He had issue:
(1) Zhōuwàng-hóu Liú Dāngshí (周望侯 劉 當時), Marquis of Zhōuwàng. He was Marquis from 118 until he was demoted to commoner in 112 for tax evasion.
v) Péi Mù-hóu Liú Zé (陪 繆侯 劉 則), Marquis of Péi from 126 until his death in 115. He had issue:
(1) Péi-hóu Liú Yì (陪侯 劉 邑), Marquis of Péi from 115 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
vi) Cóng-hóu Liú Xìn (叢侯 劉 信), Marquis of Cóng from 126 until he was demoted to commoner in 112 for tax evasion.
vii) Ānyáng-hóu Liú Lè (安陽侯 劉 樂), Marquis of Ānyáng from 126 until his death in 88. He had issue:
(1) Ānyáng-hóu Liú Yánnián (安陽侯 劉 延年), Marquis of Ānyáng from 88 until his death in 72. He had issue:
(a) Ānyáng Kāng-hóu Liú Jì (安陽 康侯 劉 記), Marquis of Ānyáng from 72 until his death in 57. He had issue:
(i) Ānyáng Ān-hóu Liú Qī (安陽 安侯 劉 戚), Marquis of Ānyáng from 72 until his death. He had issue:
1. Ānyáng Āi-hóu Liú Dé (安陽 哀侯 劉 得), Marquis of Ānyáng. He died childless.
viii) Wǔjù-hóu Liú Qúqiū (五據侯 劉 臞丘), Marquis of Wǔjù from 126 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
ix) Fù-hóu Liú Xí (富侯 劉 襲), Marquis of Fù from 126 until 110 when he was convicted of ordering a slave to murder an enemy; he died of illness in prison.
x) Píng-hóu Liú Suì (平侯 劉 遂), Marquis of Píng. He was Marquis from 126 until his death. In 122 he was charged with receiving a mare stolen from the Emperor. Eventually he was pardoned.
xi) Yǔ Kāng-hóu Liú Chéng (羽 康侯 劉 成), Marquis of Yǔ. He was Marquis from 126 until his death in 67. He had issue:
(1) Yǔ Gōnghóu Liú Xì (羽 恭侯 劉 係), Marquis of Yǔ. He was Marquis from 67 until his death. He had issue:
(a) Yǔ-hóu Liú Qì (羽侯 劉 棄), Marquis of Yǔ. He was demoted to commoner by the usurper Wang Mang. He had issue:
xii) Húmǔ-hóu Liú Chǔ (胡母侯 劉 楚), Marquis of Húmǔ. He was Marquis from 126 until 112 when he was demoted to commoner for tax evasion.
c) Héngshān-wáng Liú Cì (衡山王 劉 賜), King of Héngshān. He was Marquis of Yángzhōu from 172 until 164 when Wéndì, the Fifth Emperor, promoted him to King of Lújiāng. He refused to join the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms in 153 and was rewarded with the Kingdom of Hengshan. He married (first) Chéng Shū (乘 舒). He married (second) Xú Lái (徐 來); originally a concubine, she used witchcraft to bring about the death of the king’s first wife. She schemed to have the king's eldest son and heir replaced by one of her own children. After the death of her husband she was executed for witchcraft. He took as a concubine Měirén Jué-jī (美人 厥姬); she accused Xu Lai of witchcraft. Liú Cì became hopelessly embroiled in the schemes of these three women; unable to comprehend their plottings, he only added to the discord in his house. He schemed with his elder brother to rebel in 122, supposedly under compulsion. When his plans were discovered he committed suicide rather than face charges. His kingdom was abolished. He had issue:
i) Liú Shuǎng (劉 爽) (son of Cheng). Initially heir, his step-mother, Xú Lái, wished to have him replaced by her own son; he believed her responsible for his mother's death and had attempted to murder her brother. To prevent her from having him replaced he first attempted to seduce her, and when that backfired catastrophically, he reported his father's treasonous activities to the Imperial court. The report never reached the court however, and his father denounced him for immoral behaiviour. He was executed in 122 for unfilial conduct.
ii) Liú Xiào (劉 孝) (son of Cheng). He supported his step-mother Xú Lái against his eldest brother, in the hope that he would become heir instead. He was very nearly appointed heir, and became involved in his father's schemes against the Imperial government. He was discovered in 122 concealing a wanted criminal and in his panic confessed to everything. While this led to the deaths of most of his family, his confession should have saved him from punishment, but his beloved step-mother revealed that he had engaged in adultery with one of his father's servants and he was executed for this.
iii) Liú Guǎng (劉 廣) (son of Xu). His mother intrigued to have him made Heir to the Kingdom of Hengshan, to no avail, for the kingdom was abolished in 122 .
iv) Zhōngyì-hóu Liú Guǎngshì (終弋侯 劉 廣置), Marquis of Zhōngyì from 123 until 112 when he was deposed for tax evasion (I wonder if this is the same as Liú Guǎng above?).
v – viii) Four Sons (sons of Xu and Jue).
i) Liu Wúcǎi (劉 無采) (daughter of Cheng). She was deserted by her husband and returned to her father's palace, engaging in promiscuous behaviour coming into conflict with her eldest brother, who disapproved of this, and assisted her step-mother Xú Lái in her schemes against him.
d) Dōngchéng-hóu Liú Liáng (東城侯 劉 良), Marquis of Dōngchéng. He was made Marquis in 172. He died after 165.
8) Yàn Lìng-wáng Liú Jiàn (燕 靈王 劉 建). He was made King of Yan in 195 after his father, First Emperor Liu Bang, suspected the former ruler of planning to rebel against him. He died in 181, but had issue:
a) A Son, who was killed by the Empress Dowager Lǚ in 181.
1) Lǔ Yuán-Tàihòu Liú (魯 元太后 劉) (daughter of Lǚ). As the only full sibling of Huìdì, the Second Emperor, and only other child of the Empress Dowager Lǚ, she held a privileged position in the years after the death of Emperor Liú Bāng. In 193, the King of Qi, her older brother, fearful of her mother, the Empress Dowager, gave her the city of Chéngyáng and the title of Queen Dowager of Qi. She died in 187 and was posthumously made Queen Dowager of Lǔ.
She married Lǔ Yuán-wáng Zhāng Ao (魯 元王 張 敖), (son of the former Prime Minister of Zhao), who was made King of Zhao by his father-in-law Liú Bāng in 202, but later revolted and was demoted to Marquis of Xuānpíng. He died in 182 or 181 and was posthumously made King of Lǔ.
a) Xuānpíng-hóu Zhāng Yǎn (宣平侯 張 偃), Marquis of Xuānpíng. He was made King of Lǔ in 187 by Empress Dowager Lǚ. When the Empress died in 180 and her family fell from power, he was stripped of his kingdom, but was not executed. He was made Marquis of Xuanping in 179 and died in 164.
a) Zhāng-hòu Yān (張后 嫣). She married her uncle, Hàn Xiào Huì-dì, Second Emperor of Han, without issue (see below).