Immunology

SEMESTER – II

DSC – 2B

APMB 122 IMMUNOLOGY (3 credits)

Unit - I

History of immunology, host parasitic relationships, microbial infections – types – sources of infection – steps involved in infection – transmission of infection , virulence – toxigenicity and invasiveness, host resistance. Innate immunity and acquired immunity.

Unit - II

Structure, functions and properties of immune cells: stem cell, T cell, B cell, NK cell, macrophage, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, mast cell, dendritic cell and immune organs – bone marrow, thymus, lymph node, spleen, GALT, MALT, CALT.

Unit - III

Antigens – types, properties, haptens, adjuvants, vaccines – types – toxoids – antitoxins. Immunoglobulins – structure, types and properties.Theories of antibody production. Hybridoma Technology, complement structure, properties, function of complement components and pathways.

Unit - IV

Antigen and antibody reactions: In-vitro methods – agglutination, precipitation, complement fixation, immunofluorescence, enzyme linked immuno

sorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay. In-vivo methods: skin tests – immune complex tissue demonstrations.

Unit - V

Hypersensitivity reactions: antibody mediated – type I anaphylaxis – type II antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity – type III – immune complex reactions – type IV – delayed type hypersensitivity reactions. Cell mediated immune responses – lymphokines, cytokines.

Text Books

1. Owen J., Punt J. and Stranford S. (2013) Kuby Immunology, 7^th Edn. Macmillan Education, India.

2. Shetti N. (2005) Immunology: Introductory Text book, 2^nd Edn. New Age International Limited.

Reference Books

1. Lydyard P, Whelan A. and Fanger M. (2011) Bios Instant notes in Immunology, 3^rd Edn. Garland Science publishers.

2. Delves P.J., Martin S.J., Burton D.R. and Roitt I.M. (2011) Roitt's Essential Immunology, 12^th Edn. Wiley publishers.

3. Brooks G., Carrol K.C., Butel J. and Morse S. (2012) Jawetz Melnick and Adelberg Medical Microbiology, 26^th Edn. Lange Medical Publications.