Fundamentals of Biochemistry (Biochemistry-I)

SEMESTER – I

DSC – 3A

APMB 113 FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY (3 credits)

(Biochemistry - I)

Unit - I

Chemistry of carbohydrates: definition and classification of carbohydrates, linear and ring forms (Haworth formula) for monosaccharides – disaccharides and glycosidic bond. Physical properties – mutarotation and kiliani cyanohydrin synthesis. Chemical properties – oxidation, reduction, osazone formation. Polysaccharides (homo and hetero): starch and cellulose – occurrence, structure, physical and chemical properties – reducing and non reducing sugar.

Unit - II

Chemistry of amino acids: standard and non-standard amino acids and their properties, amphoteric nature, isoelectric point, isoelectric pH and Zwitter ion – Ramachandran plot for amino acids. Reaction with ninhydrin, 1-fluoro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB) and Siegfried’s carbamino reaction.

Unit - III

Chemistry of proteins: classifications – shape and size, solubility, physical properties and functional properties. Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of protein – protein folding – molecular chaperones. N-terminal determination – Edman and dansyl chloride method. C-terminal determination – Van-Slyke reaction, phosgene reaction – protein assays – column chromatography and electrophoresis.

Unit - IV

Chemistry of lipids: definition, classification and functions. Occurrence, chemistry and biological functions – simple lipids: tertiary compound lipids (e.g. phospholipids), derived lipids: steroids (e.g. cholesterol). Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids physical property – emulsification. Chemical properties – saponification, rancidity, definition of acid number, saponification number, iodine number and Reichert-Meissl number. Bile acid and bile salt functions.

Unit - V

Chemistry of nucleic acids: definition, sugar pucker – nucleoside, nucleotide and polynucleotide. Double helical model of DNA – super coil forms and linking numbers of DNA. Structure of RNA’s – occurrence, chemistry and biological functions. Differences between DNA and RNA, properties – quantification of nucleic acids – thermal denaturation – cot curve and cot value, T_m, hypo and hyperchromicity.

Text Books

1. Satynarayana T. (2005) Biochemistry, Books and Allied Pvt. Ltd.

2. Moore J.T. and Langley R. (2008) Biochemistry for Dummies, Wiley Publishing Company.

Reference Books

1. Nelson, D.L and Cox M.M. (2017) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 7^th Edn. Intl. Edition, WH Freeman and Company.

2. Voet D. and Voet J.G. (2011) Biochemistry, 4^th Edn. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

3. Campbell M.K., Farrell S.O. and McDougal O.M. (2018) Biochemistry, 9^th Edn. Brooks /Cole Cenage Learning.