9.1 Use oral exercises to develop visual counting: use number families.
Infant 2
9.2 Add using multiples of ten: sum not to exceed 100.
Standard 1
9.3 Use variety of techniques to do mental addition and subtraction - (without writing): For example by saying or thinking, 43+25=60+8=68; 55-27=(50-25)+(5-2)=25+3=28; 17+49=(17+40)+9=57+9=66; 245-178=(245- 100)-78=(145-70)-8=75-8=67.
Standard 2
9.4 Develop multiplication facts: patterns for 2-digit multiplicands with multipliers 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 10.
Standard 3
9.5 Use variety of techniques to do mental multiplication and division: move decimal point to the left or right when multiplying or dividing by 10; multiply by 'half and double' (Eg. 12x6=12x3x2=36x2=72); use multiplication facts for 0 - 12.
Standard 4
9.6 Use variety of techniques for adding a series of small numbers: re-arrange; use benchmark sums (Eg. numbers that sum to multiples of 10); use rounding-off (Eg. 547+98=(547+100)-2=647-2=645).
Standard 5
9.7 Use variety of techniques to simplify multiplication: use factors (Eg. 32x6=(30x6) (2x6)=180 12=192); multiply by reciprocal (patterns for fractions with denominator of 7, 9, 11).
Standard 6
9.8 Use shortcuts for multiplying by specific numbers.