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3. What major ligaments and other connective tissues limit the range of motion of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
3. What major ligaments and other connective tissues limit the range of motion of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
Stylomandibular ligament is often considered a reinforcing ligament of the TMJ; however, its alignment is such that it does not seem to afford any mechanical constraints to the the joint. This ligament extends from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the posterior border of the ramus and angle of the mandible.
The lateral (temporomandibular) ligament is important in restricting posterior and lateral movement of the condylar process of the mandible. It attaches the articular tubercle of the temporal bone to the neck of the condylar process of the mandible. It completely covers the condylar process of the mandible and is intimately related to the articular capsule.
The sphenomandibular ligament extends from the lingula of the mandibular foramen to the spine of the sphenoid. This ligament is tense when the TMJ is in an intermediate position (slightly opened).
The retro-articular tissue (retrodiscal pad/zone) is located between the posterior portion of the articular disc and the articular capsule, containing neurovasculature. This area is often a site of edema in temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Typically, pain associated with TMD typically sources from the retro-articular tissue.
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