Ongoing Projects
NC Energy Storage: Please visit our website!
Project folder (private folder)
Meeting Notes (private folder)
Energy Storage Optimization Algorithm
Pacific Northwest National Lab
Building as a virtual battery
Literature on Energy Storage
2016 State of Charge Energy Storage Initiative Study
PNNL Energy Storage Study
National Assessment of Energy Storage (http://energyenvironment.pnnl.gov/pdf/National_Assessment_Storage_PHASE_II_vol_2_final.pdf)
Energy Storage Valuation for Distribution Systems: http://www.pnnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-23040.pdf)
Codes and Standards for Performance Measurements: http://energyenvironment.pnnl.gov/pdf/PNNL_22010_ESS_Protocol_Final.pdf
Optimization Tool: http://www.pnnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-23039.pdf
DOE/EPRI Storage Handbook: http://www.sandia.gov/ess/publications/SAND2013-5131.pdf
Books and Book Chapters
Pengwei Du and Ning Lu, Energy Storage for Smart Grids: Planning and Operation for Renewable and Variable Energy Resources, Elsevier. 2014. http://store.elsevier.com/Energy-Storage-for-Smart-Grids/Pengwei-Du/isbn-9780124095434/
US Patents
Jin, Chunlian, Ning Lu, Shuai Lu, and Yuri V. Makarov. "Controller for hybrid energy storage." U.S. Patent 8,754,547, issued June 17, 2014.
US Patent Applications
G. Henri, N. Lu, “System, Device, and Method for mode-based energy storage” Patent filed in July 2017
G. Henri, N. Lu, C. Carrejo, A machine learning approach for real-time battery optimal operation mode and control; Oblon Ref: 508137WO [IWOV-iManageDB.FID5526784]
G. Henri, N. Lu, C. Carrejo “A MULTI-AGENT SHARED MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH FOR REAL-TIME BATTERY OPERATION MODE PREDICTION AND CONTROL” Patent filed in December 2017
Xiangqi Zhu, Jiahong Yan, Ning Lu, A graphical performance-based energy storage capacity sizing method for high solar penetration residential feeders; Oblon Ref:503434US [IWOV-iManageDB.FID5393992]
Journal Publications:
Xiangi Zhu, Jiahong Yan, and Ning Lu. “A Graphical Performance-based Energy Storage Capacity Sizing Method for High Solar Penetration Residential Feeders”, IEEE trans. on Smart Grid, Volume: 8, Issue: 1, Jan. 2017.
Ke, X. D., Wu, D., Rice, J., Kintner-Meyer, M., & Lu, N. (2016). Quantifying impacts of heat waves on power grid operation. Applied Energy, 183, 504-512.
Du, Pengwei, Weifeng Li, Xinda Ke, Ning Lu, Orlando A. Ciniglio, Mitchel Colburn, and Phillip M. Anderson. "Probabilistic-based available transfer capability assessment considering existing and future wind generation resources." IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 6, no. 4 (2015): 1263-1271.
Zhan, Kaiqiao, Zechun Hu, Yonghua Song, Ning Lu, Zhiwei Xu, and Long Jia. "A probability transition matrix based decentralized electric vehicle charging method for load valley filling." Electric Power Systems Research 125 (2015): 1-7.
X Ke, N Lu, and C Jin, “Control and Size Energy Storage for Managing Energy balance of Variable Generation Resources,” IEEE Trans. on Sustainable Energy, vol. 6, No. 1, Jan. 2015.
N Lu and M Vanouni, “Passive energy storage using distributed electric loads with thermal storage,” Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2013, DOI 10.1007/s40565-013-0033-z.
Dan Wang, Hongjie Jia, Chengshan Wang, Ning Lu, Fan Menghua, Miao Weiwei, and Liu Zhe, “Performance evaluation of controlling thermostatically controlled appliances as virtual generators using comfort-constrained state-queueing models,” IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Vol. 8, Issue 4, April 2014.
C. Jin, N Lu, S. Lu, Y Makarov, and R.A. Dougal, “A Coordinating Algorithm for Dispatching Regulation Services Between Slow and Fast Power Regulating Resources,” IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 5, No. 2, March 2014.
Dan Wang, Shaoyun Ge, Hongjie Jia, Chengshan Wang, Yue Zhou, Ning Lu, and Xiangyu Kong, “A Demand Response and Battery Storage Coordination Algorithm for Providing Microgrid Tie-Line Smoothing Services,” IEEE Trans. On Sustainable Energy, vol. 5, No., April 2014.
N Lu, Q Li, X Sun, and MA Khaleel, “The modeling of a standalone solid-oxide fuel cell auxiliary power unit.” Journal of Power Sources 161(2):938–948, 2006.
N Lu, JH Chow, and AA Desrochers, “Pumped-Storage Hydro-Turbine Bidding Strategies in a Competitive Electricity Market.” IEEE Trans. on Power Systems 19:834-842, 2004.
Conference Papers:
Jiyu Wang, Xiangqi Zhu, David Mulcahy, Catie McEntee, David Lubkeman, Ning Lu, Nader Samaan, Brant Werts, and Andrew Kling. "A Two-Step Load Disaggregation Algorithm for Quasi-Static Time-Series Analysis on Actual Distribution Feeders," accepted by the 2018 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Portland, OR, 2018.
Fuhong Xie, N. Lu, and Jiahong Yan, “Design of a Mobile Energy Management Unit for Off-grid Mini-microgrids,” accepted by Proc. of 2018 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Portland, OR, 2018.
G. Henri and N. Lu, “A Multi-Agent Shared Machine Learning Approach for Real-time Battery Operation Mode rediction and Control,” Accepted by Proc. of 2018 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Portland, OR, 2018.
Nader Samaan, Marcelo A. Elizondo, Bharat Vyakaranam, Mallikarjuna R. Vallem, Xinda Ke, Renke Huang, Jesse T. Holzer, Siddharth Sridhar, Quan Nguyen, Yuri V. Makarov, Xiangqi Zhu, Jiyu Wang, and Ning Lu, "Combined Transmission and Distribution Test System to Study High Penetration of Distributed Solar Generation," Proc. of IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2018.
G. Henri, N. Lu, and C. Carrejo, "A Machine Learning Approach for Real-time Battery Optimal Operation Mode Prediction and Control", Proc. of IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2018.
Jiyu Wang, J. Wang, X. Zhu, D. Lubkeman, N. Lu, Nader Samaan, Brant Werts, "Load Aggregation Methods for Quasi-Static PowerFlow Analysis on High PV Penetration Feeders", Proc. of IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2018.
G. Henri, N. Lu, and C. Carrejo, “Design of a Novel Mode-based Energy Storage Controller for Residential PV Systems.” Proc. of 2017 Power & Energy Society ISGT Europe Conference, Turino, 2017. (can be downloaded at the the link provided below)
Jiyu Wang, Xiangqi Zhu, David Lubkeman, N. Lu, and Nader Samaan. “Continuation Power Flow Analysis for PV Integration Studies at Distribution Feeders”, Proc. of 2017 Power & Energy Society ISGT Conference, Washington, 2017.
Jian Lu, N. Lu, T. Sun, Z. Li, and D. Lubkeman, “An Optimal Microgrid Dispatch Algorithm for Scheduling Multiple CHPs in Islanding Operation,” Proc. of 2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Chicago, IL, 2017.
Xiangqi Zhu, Jiyu Wang, David Lubkeman, N. Lu, Nader Samaan, and Renke Huang. “Voltage-Load Sensitivity Matrix Based Demand Response for Voltage Control in High Solar Penetration Distribution Feeders”, Proc. of 2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Chicago, IL, 2017.
Xiangqi Zhu, Gonzague Henri, Jiahong Yan, and N. Lu. “A Cost-Benefit Study of Sizing Residential PV and ES Systems based on Synthesized Load Profiles”, Proc. of 2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Chicago, IL, 2017.
J. Yan, H., Zheng, N. Lu, “Temperature-Load Sensitivity Study for Adjusting MISO Day-ahead Load Forecast,” Proc. of 2016 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Boston, MA, 2016.
T. Sun, J. Lu, Z. Li, N. Lu, “A Preliminary Study on the Thevenin Equivalent Parameters of DFIG Wind Farms,” Proc. of 2016 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Boston, MA, 2016.
J. Lu, N. Lu, X. Wu, and J. He, “Short-term HVAC Load Forecasting Algorithms for Home Energy Mangement,” Proc. of 2016 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Boston, MA, 2016.
Xinda Ke, Anjie Jiang, and Ning Lu, “Load Profile Analysis and Short-term Building Load Forecast for a University Campus,” Proc. of 2016 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Boston, MA, 2016.
Xiangqi Zhu, Jiahong Yan, Lining Dong, and Ning Lu, “A Matlab-Based Home Energy Management Algorithm Development Toolbox”, Proc. of 2016 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Boston, MA, 2016.
Wu, X. Y., He, J. H., Yip, T., Lu, J., & Lu, N. (2016). A two-stage random forest method for short-term load forecasting. In 2016 ieee power and energy society general meeting (pesgm). (IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM, ).
Xiangqi Zhu, Jiahong Yan, and Ning Lu, “A Probabilistic-based PV and Energy Storage Sizing Tool for Residential Loads” Proc. of 2016 IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, Dallas, TX, May, 2016.
Hambridge, S., Huang, A. Q., & Lu, N. (2016). Proposing a frequency based real-time energy market and economic dispatch strategy. In 2016 ieee power and energy society general meeting (pesgm). (IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM, ).
Li, Q. M., Lubkeman, D. L., Lu, N., & Zhu, X. Q. (2016). Control strategies for residential microgrids during islanded situation. In 2016 ieee power and energy society general meeting (pesgm). (IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM, ).
Chen, S., Wei, Z. N., Sun, G. Q., Sun, Y. H., & Lu, N. (2016). Steady-state security regions of electricity-gas integrated energy systems. In 2016 ieee power and energy society general meeting (pesgm). (IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM, ).
Jiahong Yan, Xiangqi Zhu, and Ning Lu, “Smart Hybrid House Test Systems in a Solid-state Transformer Supplied Microgrid”, Proc. of 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Denver, CO, 2015.
Xinda Ke, Ning Lu, and Chunlian Jin, “Control and Size Energy Storage for Managing Energy balance of Variable Generation Resources,” Proc. of IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Washington DC, July, 2014.
C Jin, N Lu, S Lu, YV Makarov, RA Dougal, “Novel Dispatch Algorithm for Regulation Service using a Hybrid Energy Storage System” Proc. of the 2011 IEEE PES General Meeting, Detroit, Michigan, USA, 2011
C Jin, S Lu, N Lu, RA Dougal, “Cross-Market Optimization for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems,” Proc. of the 2011 IEEE PES General Meeting, Detroit, Michigan, USA, 2011.
N Lu, MR Weimar, YV Makarov, and C Loutan. 2010. “An Evaluation of the NaS Battery Storage Potential for Providing Regulation Service in California.” Proc. of the 2011 IEEE PSCE, Phoenix, Arizona.
N Lu, MR Weimar, YV Makarov, FJ Rudolph, SN Murthy, J Arseneaux, and C Loutan, “An Evaluation of the Flywheel Potential for Providing Regulation Service in California.” In: Proc. of the 2010 IEEE PES General Meeting, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2010.
N Lu, Q Li, Y Xie, X Sun, B Koeppel, and MA Khaleel. 2007. “Dynamic Modeling in Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells Controller Design.” In: Proc. of the 2007 IEEE PES General Meeting, Tampa, Florida.
N Lu, X Sun, and MA Khaleel. 2006. “A Modeling and Experimental Framework for Controls for Fuel Cells.” In: Proc. of the 2006 Second International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing, Marrakech, Morocco.
N Lu, JH Chow, and AA Desrochers. 2002. “A Multi-layer Petri Net Model for Deregulated Electric Power Systems.” In: Proc. of 2002 ACC, pp. 513-518, Anchorage, Alaska. Accepted as one of the five final papers for the 2002 ACC Best Student Paper Contest.
Technical Reports:
N Lu, YV Makarov, and MR Weimar. 2010. The Wide-area Energy Storage and Management System Phase 2 Final Report. PNNL-19720. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.
N Lu, YV Makarov, MR Weimar, F Frank, S. Murthy, J. Arseneaux, C. Loutan, and S Chowdhury. 2010. The Wide-area Energy Storage and Management System (Phase 2): Interim Report (2) – Flywheel Field Tests. PNNL-19669, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.
N Lu, MR Weimar, YV Makarov, J Ma, and VV Viswanathan. 2009. The Wide-Area Energy Storage and Management System – Battery Storage Evaluation. PNNL-18679, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.
MA Khaleel, X Sun, BJ Koeppel, BN Nguyen, and N Lu. 2005. Modeling and Control of an SOFC APU. PNNL 15396, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.