1_Demand Response

My Publication categorized by topics.

Provision of Frequency Response Services from Demand Side Resources:

1.Li, Weifeng, Pengwei Du, and Ning Lu. "Design of a New Primary Frequency Control Market for Hosting Frequency Response Reserve Offers from both Generators and Loads." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid (2017).

2.Du, Pengwei, Hailong Hui, and Ning Lu. "Procurement of regulation services for a grid with high-penetration wind generation resources: a case study of ERCOT." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 10, no. 16 (2016): 4085- 4093., 2016.

How to provide frequency response, regulation and load following services?

1.N Lu and DJ Hammerstrom. 2005. “Design Considerations for Frequency Responsive Grid FriendlyTM Appliances.” In: Proc. of the IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition 2005, New Orleans, Louisiana.

2.J. Kondoh, N. Lu, and D. J. Hammerstrom, “An evaluation of the water heater load potential for providing regulation service,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 1309–1316, Aug. 2011.

3.N Lu, “An Evaluation of the HVAC Load Potential for Providing Load Balancing Service,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1263-1270, Sept. 2012.

4.N Lu and Y Zhang, “Design Considerations of a Centralized Load Controller Using Thermostatically Controlled Appliances for Continuous Regulation Reserves,” IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 914-921, June 2013.

5.Y Zhang and N Lu, “Parameter Selection for a Centralized Thermostatically Controlled Appliances Load Controller Used for Intra-hour Load Balancing,” IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 4, No. 4, pp. Dec. 2013.

6.N Lu and M Vanouni, “Passive energy storage using distributed electric loads with thermal storage,” Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2013, DOI 10.1007/s40565-013-0033-z.

7.L. Zheng, N Lu, and L. Cai, “Reliable Wireless Communication Networks for Demand Response,” IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 133-140, March 2013.

8.Ke, Xinda, Di Wu, and Ning Lu. "A Real-Time Greedy-Index Dispatching Policy for using PEVs to Provide Frequency Regulation Service." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid (2017).

9.Xiaoyu Wu, Jinghan He, Yin Xu, Jian Lu, Ning LU, Xiaojun Wang, "Hierarchical Control of HVAC Systems for Primary Frequency Control", Accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, 2018.

10.Hambridge, S., Huang, A. Q., & Lu, N. (2016). Proposing a frequency based real-time energy market and economic dispatch strategy. In 2016 ieee power and energy society general meeting (pesgm). (IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM, ).

How to reward load resources?

1.Vanouni, Maziar, and Ning Lu. "A Reward Allocation Mechanism for Thermostatically Controlled Loads Participating in Intra-Hour Ancillary Services." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid (2017).

2.Ke, Xinda, Di Wu, and Ning Lu. "A Real-Time Greedy-Index Dispatching Policy for using PEVs to Provide Frequency Regulation Service." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid (2017).

How to model thermostatically controlled loads?

1. N Lu and M Vanouni, “Passive energy storage using distributed electric loads with thermal storage,” Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2013, DOI 10.1007/s40565-013-0033-z.

2. Y Zhang and N Lu, “Parameter Selection for a Centralized Thermostatically Controlled Appliances Load Controller Used for Intra-hour Load Balancing,” IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 4, No. 4, pp. Dec. 2013.

3. L. Zheng, N Lu, and L. Cai, “Reliable Wireless Communication Networks for Demand Response,” IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 133-140, March 2013.

4. N Lu and Y Zhang, “Design Considerations of a Centralized Load Controller Using Thermostatically Controlled Appliances for Continuous Regulation Reserves,” IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 914-921, June 2013.

5. N Lu, “An Evaluation of the HVAC Load Potential for Providing Load Balancing Service,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1263-1270, Sept. 2012.

6. S. Katipamula and N. Lu, “Evaluation of residential HVAC control strategies for demand response programs,” ASHRAE Trans., vol. 1, no. 12, pp. 1–12, 2006.

7. N Lu, DP Chassin, and SE Widergren, “Modeling Uncertainties in Aggregated Thermostatically Controlled Loads Using a State Queueing Model.” IEEE Trans. on Power Systems 20: 725–733, 2005.

8. N. Lu and D. P. Chassin, “A state queueing model of thermostatically controlled appliances,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 19, pp. 1666–1673, 2004.

US Patent Applications:

• 1. G. Henri, N. Lu, “System, Device, and Method for mode-based energy storage” Patent filed in July 2017

  2. G. Henri, N. Lu, C. Carrejo, A machine learning approach for real-time battery optimal operation mode and control; Oblon Ref: 508137WO [IWOV-iManageDB.FID5526784]

  3. G. Henri, N. Lu, C. Carrejo “A MULTI-AGENT SHARED MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH FOR REAL-TIME BATTERY OPERATION MODE PREDICTION AND CONTROL” Patent filed in December 2017

  4. Jian Lu, Jiyu Wang, Ning Lu, "Decoupled Modeling Methods and Systems" - Innovincia No. BRT5045-EMS17-006 - Oblon No. 504578WO [IWOV-iManageDB.FID5427538]

  5. Xiangqi Zhu, Jiahong Yan, Ning Lu, A graphical performance-based energy storage capacity sizing method for high solar penetration residential feeders; Oblon Ref:503434US [IWOV-iManageDB.FID5393992]

  6. Maziar Vanouni and Ning LU. SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING AND MANAGING THERMOSTATICALLY CONTROLLED LOADS, New Application Filed [IWOV-iManageDB.FID5644539]

Utility Rates

• 1. Time-of-use Rates

     • Duke Energy Rates: 2015 Residential TOU; 2016 Residential TOU; 2016 Commerical TOU;

  2. Critical Peak Prices

***************All relevant Publications ************

US Patents

• 1. Lu, Ning, Pengwei Du, Xinxin GUO, Robert PRATT, and Donald Hammerstrom. "Scheduling and modeling the operation of controllable and non-controllable electronic devices." U.S. Patent 9310792, issued April 12, 2016.

  2. Lu, Ning, Yu Zhang, Pengwei Du, and Yuri V. Makarov. "Controller for thermostatically controlled loads." U.S. Patent 9362749, issued June 7, 2016.

Journal Publications

• 1. Li, Weifeng, Pengwei Du, and Ning Lu. "Design of a New Primary Frequency Control Market for Hosting Frequency Response Reserve Offers from both Generators and Loads." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid (2017).

1. Vanouni, Maziar, and Ning Lu. "A Reward Allocation Mechanism for Thermostatically Controlled Loads Participating in Intra-Hour Ancillary Services." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid (2017).

   1. Wang, D., Zhou, Y., Jia, H. J., Wang, C. S., Lu, N., Sui, P. C., & Fan, M. H. (2016). An energy-constrained state priority list model using deferrable electrolyzers as a load management mechanism. Applied Energy, 167, 201-210.

2. Wai, Chon Hou, Marc Beaudin, Hamidreza Zareipour, Antony Schellenberg, and Ning Lu, "Cooling Devices in Demand Response: A Comparison of Control Methods," IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 6, No. 1, Jan. 2015.

3. M Vanouni and Ning Lu, “Improving the Centralized Control of Thermostatically Controlled Appliances by Obtaining the Right Information,” IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, Vol. 6 No. 2 March 2015.

4. Wang, D., Jia, H. J., Wang, C. S., Lu, N., Fan, M. H., Zhou, Y., & Qi, Y. B. (2015). Voltage stability enhancement using thermostatically controlled appliances as a comfort-constrained virtual generator. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 25(12), 3509-3522.

• 1. Xinda Ke, Di Wu, and Ning Lu. "A real-time Greedy-Index Dispatching Policy for using PEVs to Provide Frequency Regulation Service", Accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, 2017.

  2. Weifeng Li, Pengwei Du, and Ning Lu. "Design of a New Primary Frequency Control Market for Hosting Frequency Response Reserve Offers from both Generators and Loads," Accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, 2017.

  3. Maziar Vanouni and Ning Lu, "A Resource Prioritization Based Framework for Participation of Thermostatically Controlled Loads in Regulation Services," Accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, 2016.

  4. Xiangi Zhu, Jiahong Yan, and Ning Lu. “A Graphical Performance-based Energy Storage Capacity Sizing Method for High Solar Penetration Residential Feeders”, IEEE trans. on Smart Grid, Volume: 8, Issue: 1, Jan. 2017.

  5. Sun, Tiankui, Jian Lu, Zhimin Li, David Lubkeman, and Ning Lu. "Modeling Combined Heat and Power Systems for Microgrid Applications." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Jan. 2017.

  6. Du, Pengwei, Hailong Hui, and Ning Lu. "Procurement of regulation services for a grid with high-penetration wind generation resources: a case study of ERCOT." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 10, no. 16 (2016): 4085- 4093., 2016.

  7. Tao Jiang, Yunfei Mu, Hongjie Jia, Ning Lu, Haoyu Yuan, Jiahong Yan, and Weifeng Li “A Novel Dominant Mode Estimation Method for Analyzing Inter-Area Oscillation in China Southern Power Grid,” IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 6, No. 1, March 2016.

  8. Wang D et al. An energy-constrained state priority list model using deferrable electrolyzers as a load management mech-anism. Applied Energy, 2015.

  9. Pengwei Du, W. Li, X. Ke, N. Lu, O. Ciniglio, M. Colburn, and P. M. Anderson, “Probabilistic-based Available Transfer Capability Assessment Considering Existing and Future Wind Generation Resources,” accepted by IEEE Transaction on Sustainable Energy. 2015.

  10. Kaiqiao Zhan, Zechun Hu, Yonghua Song, Ning Lu, and Long Jia, “A probability transition matrix based decentralized electric vehicle charging method for load valley filling Electric Power Systems Research” Electric Power Systems Research, accepted. 2015.

  11. Wai, Chon Hou, Marc Beaudin, Hamidreza Zareipour, Antony Schellenberg, and Ning Lu, "Cooling Devices in Demand Response: A Comparison of Control Methods," IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 6, No. 1, Jan. 2015.

  12. M Vanouni and Ning Lu, “Improving the Centralized Control of Thermostatically Controlled Appliances by Obtaining the Right Information,” IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, Vol. 6 No. 2 March 2015.

  13. Dan Wang, Hongjie Jia, Chengshan Wang, Ning Lu, Fan Menghua, Miao Weiwei, and Liu Zhe, “Performance evaluation of controlling thermostatically controlled appliances as virtual generators using comfort-constrained state-queueing models,” IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Vol. 8, Issue 4, April 2014.

  14. C. Jin, N Lu, S. Lu, Y Makarov, and R.A. Dougal, “A Coordinating Algorithm for Dispatching Regulation Services Between Slow and Fast Power Regulating Resources,” IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 5, No. 2, March 2014.

  15. Dan Wang, Shaoyun Ge, Hongjie Jia, Chengshan Wang, Yue Zhou, Ning Lu, and Xiangyu Kong, “A Demand Response and Battery Storage Coordination Algorithm for Providing Microgrid Tie-Line Smoothing Services,” IEEE Trans. On Sustainable Energy, vol. 5, No., April 2014.

  16. N Lu and M Vanouni, “Passive energy storage using distributed electric loads with thermal storage,” Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2013, DOI 10.1007/s40565-013-0033-z.

  17. Y Zhang and N Lu, “Parameter Selection for a Centralized Thermostatically Controlled Appliances Load Controller Used for Intra-hour Load Balancing,” IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 4, No. 4, pp. Dec. 2013.

  18. L. Zheng, N Lu, and L. Cai, “Reliable Wireless Communication Networks for Demand Response,” IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 133-140, March 2013.

  19. N Lu and Y Zhang, “Design Considerations of a Centralized Load Controller Using Thermostatically Controlled Appliances for Continuous Regulation Reserves,” IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 914-921, June 2013.

Conference Paper

• 1. [Chenshan Wang, Mengxuan Liu, and N Lu, “Micro-Grid Tie-line Power Smoothing using Demand Response Program,” Proceedings of the CSEE, No. 32, vol. 25, page 36-43 (中国电机工程学报2012年第32卷第25期 36-43页), 2012.

  2. N Lu, “An Evaluation of the HVAC Load Potential for Providing Load Balancing Service,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1263-1270, Sept. 2012.

  3. P Du and N Lu. 2011. “Appliance Commitment for Household Load Scheduling,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, issue 2, June 2011.

  4. PE de Mello, N Lu, and YV Makarov, “An Optimized Autoregressive Forecast Error Generator,” Wind Energy, DOI: 10.1002/we.460, 2011.

  5. J. Kondoh, N. Lu, and D. J. Hammerstrom, “An evaluation of the water heater load potential for providing regulation service,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 1309–1316, Aug. 2011.

  6. H Khurana, M Hadley, N Lu, and DA Frincke, “Building Security in Smart-Grid Security Issues.” IEEE Security & Privacy 8(1): 81–85, 2010.

  7. N Lu, ZT Talyor, W Jiang, J Correia, LYR Leung, and PC Wong, “Climate Change Impacts on Residential and Commercial Loads in the Western U.S. Grid.” IEEE Trans. on Power Systems 25: 480–488, 2010.

  8. PC Wong, LR Leung, N Lu, MJ Scott, P Mackey, H Foote, J Correia Jr., ZT Taylor, J Xu, SD Unwin, and A Sanfilippo. 2009. “Designing a Collaborative Visual Analytics System to Support Social and Technological Change Prediction.” IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 29(5):58–68, IEEE Computer Society Press, September 2009.

  9. N Lu, JH Chow, and AA Desrochers, “Generator bidding strategies in a competitive electricity market with derating and bid-segment considerations.” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 29(3):173-180, 2009.

  10. S. Katipamula and N. Lu, “Evaluation of residential HVAC control strategies for demand response programs,” ASHRAE Trans., vol. 1, no. 12, pp. 1–12, 2006.

  11. N Lu, DP Chassin, and SE Widergren, “Modeling Uncertainties in Aggregated Thermostatically Controlled Loads Using a State Queueing Model.” IEEE Trans. on Power Systems 20: 725–733, 2005.

  12. N. Lu and D. P. Chassin, “A state queueing model of thermostatically controlled appliances,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 19, pp. 1666–1673, 2004.

Reports

• 1. B Lesieutre, R Bravo, DP Chassin, IA Hiskens, Z Huang, N Lu, G Venkataramanan, and R Yinger. Load Modeling Transmission Research. PNNL-19274. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.

  2. N Lu, D Hammerstrom, and S. Patrick. 2009. Grid FriendlyTM Device Model Development and Simulation. PNNL-18998, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.

  3. N Lu, ZT Talyor, W Jiang, Y Xie, J Correia, LYR Leung, PS Mackey, PC Wong, and ML Paget. 2008. Climate Change Impacts on Residential and Commercial Loads in the Western U.S. Grid. PNNL-17826, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.

  4. N Lu, B Yang, and Z Huang. 2008. Evaluation of Southern California Edison Air-Conditioner Stalling Solutions. CEC/LMTF Load Research Program. PNNL-17686, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.

  5. N Lu, YL Xie, and Z Huang. 2008. Air Conditioner Compressor Performance Model. CEC/LMTF Load Research Program. PNNL-17796, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.

  6. DP Chassin and N Lu. 2007. “Load Composition Data.” PNNL-SA-57496, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.

  7. Z Huang, B Lesieutre, S Yang, A Ellis, A Meklin, B Wong, A Gaikwad, D Brooks, DJ Hammerstrom, J Phillips, D Kosterev, M Hoffman, O Ciniglio, R Hartwell, P Pourbeik, A Maitra, and N Lu. 2007. Load Monitoring CEC/LMTF Load Research Program. PNNL-17110, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.

  8. DJ Hammerstrom, RT Guttromson, N Lu, PA Boyd, D Trudnowski, DP Chassin, CA Bonebrake, and JM Shaw. 2006. Beacon Detection in Electric Distribution Systems For Grid Friendly Operations. PNNL-15854, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.

  9. MA Khaleel, X Sun, BJ Koeppel, BN Nguyen, and N Lu. 2005. Modeling and Control of an SOFC APU. PNNL 15396, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.

  10. DP Chassin, A Gangopahyaya, S Katipamula, N Lu, J Malard, JV Mallow, C Posse. 2004. “Modeling Power Systems as Complex Adaptive Systems.” PNNL-14987, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.

  11. N Lu, WM Warwick, JG De Steese, SJ Arey, JE Dagle, DB Jarrell, and MR Weimar. 2003. Security Benefits of Renewable Generation: A Case Study.” Prepared for U.S. Air Force Civil Engineering Support Agency Headquarters, Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida.