ECE451 Power System Analysis

For non-NC State students who want to take our course, you will have to pay us the tuition and fees.

If you are interested in it, please contact 

Dr. Linda Krute, Director, Distance Engineering Education Programs, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695

Phone:  919.515.5440 Fax:  919.513.4623 Email:  ldkrute@ncsu.edu

2020 Fall Class Schedule (M/W 13:30 p.m. - 14:45 p.m. August 10 - Nov 13 2020)

Instructor:  Dr. Ning Lu, Associate Professor, Department of ECE, North Carolina State University

Office: 100-29 Keystone (http://research.ece.ncsu.edu/nlu2/contact/)       

Email: nlu2@ncsu.edu                     

Teaching Assistant:  TBD

Course Time & Place: 

1. In-class (MRC313) MoWe 1:30PM - 2:45PM 

2. ZOOM: live online lectures on Monday/Wednesday (1:30-2:45 p.m.) Attendance is required.

3. You need to take a quiz after each lecture for attendance check.

Office Hours:  TBD

Course Description

The course will help students understand how power systems are modeled both at the distribution and transmission levels. The course covers modeling of generators, transformers, and transmission lines. The focus of the course is on long-distance transmission of electric power with an emphasis on admittance and impedance modeling of components and system, power-flow studies and calculations, symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault calculations, economic operation of large-scale generation and transmission systems. A special emphasis is placed on applications of computer-based methods to power-system problems. 

Specific Outcomes of Instruction:

At the end of the semester, students should be able to:

- Model and analyze power system networks

- Understand the market-based power grid operation and the production-cost based power system planning procedures

- Calculate short circuit current and voltage and understand how to determine the operation limits of power system components. 

Prerequisites

ECE 305 or equivalent coverage of the following prerequisite topics:

• • Steady-state analysis of single-phase and three-phase circuits

  • Principles of electric machines, transformers, and transmission lines

  • Per-unit system and representations

Textbooks

• • Required: Power system analysis. Grainger, John J. and William D. Stevenson. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.

  • Reference: Power System Analysis. 3rd edition. Hadi Saadat. PSA publishing.

Grading policy: Only the University approved reasons will be accepted for missing an exam (See http://www.ncsu.edu/policies/academic_affairs/pols_regs/REG205.00.4.php). 

A make-up exam will be administered at the mutual convenience of the student and the Instructor. 

In all cases, signed documentation must be provided to the Instructor and attached to the make-up exam in order to obtain credit.

• • Homework: 20%; Project: 20%; Quiz 1&2: 20%; Final (in class exam): 40%.

  • 2 quiz, 1 final exam, 1 class project

  • 10 out of 12 homework assignments (HW#1 and HW#12 are optional for bonus points)

  • Bonus points cap at 2-points for in-class quiz participation

Reading Assignments are given in the Lecture Schedule. Reading the assignments before coming to the lectures can be very helpful.

Software

• • Matlab and Simulink

  • Powerworld (NC State Students can download it at: http://www.wolftech.ncsu.edu/files/powerworld/)

Academic Integrity: 

• • Work in this course is to be done under the Academic Integrity Honor Pledge: "I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this test or assignment." 

  • Students must abide by the Code of Student Conduct, http://www.ncsu.edu/policies/student_services/student_discipline/POL11.35.1.php

  • Evidence of copying, including copying of source code, or any other use of unauthorized aid will be investigated and potentially referred to the University judicial system as a violation of the Code of Student Conduct. 

  • The minimum sanction for a violation is a zero on an assignment. Recycling of projects from another class will be considered an academic integrity violation.

Students with disabilities:

• • Reasonable accommodations will be made for students with verifiable disabilities.

  • In order to take advantage of available accommodations, students must register with Disability Services for Students at 1900 Student Health Center, Campus Box 7509, 515-7653.

  • For more information on NC State's policy on working with students with disabilities, please see this page (http://www.ncsu.edu/provost/hat/current/appendix/appen_k.html.)

Civility in the classroom:

Students are expected to assist in maintaining a classroom environment that is conducive to learning. Inappropriate behavior in the classroom that leads to the distraction of others shall not be tolerated under any circumstances.

Course Learning Objectives:

Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:

• Build basic understandings on modern power system operation and protection

• Master basic modeling technics for power system analysis

  • Modeling of power system apparatus (transformers, motors, transmission lines)

  • Single and three phase systems

• Power flow analysis

  • Bus admittance matrix

  • Power flow solution

• Economic Dispatch and Unit Commitment

• symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault calculations

  • Bus impedance matrix

  • Short circuit current calculations

Class Evaluation

• Webwork instructor link: https://webwork.wolfware.ncsu.edu/webwork2/

• Instructor Link:  http://classeval.ncsu.edu/cedashboard/index.cfm?action=main.instructor

• Students may complete their survey here => http://go.ncsu.edu/cesurvey

Class Resources

• 1. 2020: Class folder

  2. Instructor monitoring site for Webwork: https://webwork.wolfware.ncsu.edu/webwork2/

  3. Report an Academic Integrity Violation

1. Exam Session Selection

2. Undergraduate research opportunities

3. In 2018,   ECE451 was taught as an engineering online course. 

   1. • Syllabus: 2018; 

      • EOL recording: 2018;

      • Marked Notes Posted by EOL: 2018;

• • Tips for teaching EOL

    • To record the missing lecturers: Go to one of the mini studios in 247 page Hall, 2090 EB2, 3004 EB3.

  • WebWork for homework assignment 

    • Overview of webwork: https://ncsu.service-now.com/delta?id=kb_article_ml&sys_id=0a8f66431b5fe4503303ca292a4bcb51

    • Link to ECE Webwork information - instructions for doing usual admin tasks

    • Link to the  talking points for new students to webwork

    • Link to the  explanation of error checking in Webwork, if students are interested

    • Link to Webwork

    • https://docs.google.com/document/d/16tS8bqWQs1bV7bKg9TftFEdobDQwltKPo1UHWZfWbe8/edit

    • Instructional technologies (learntech@ncsu.edu)

    • Hardware and software needs (contact: Linda Krute)

    • Power World can be downloaded at: http://www.wolftech.ncsu.edu/files/powerworld/. Note that Powerworld only works on PC.

4. Lecture Notes

5. Web site for recorded lectures

• 1. Lecture notes from other professors

     • Prof. Ned Mohan’s cup.umn.edu’s website at http://cusp.umn.edu/power_systems.php

     • Prof. Tom Overbye’s lecture notes at https://courses.engr.illinois.edu/ece476/fa2011/

     • In Hadi Saadat’s book, you can find Matab codes for demo the concepts taught in class.

6. Matlab/Simulink

• • Matlab Demo Code 1 (plot single phase voltage waveforms).

  • Matlab Demo Code 2 (plot 3-phase voltage waveforms).

  • Matlab Demo Code 3 (RMS values and Time Step Selections)

  • Simulink: A voltage source supplying a load

  • Simulink: How to simulate 3-phase circuit

  • Simulink: Simulate 3-phase transformer

    • Simulink: diesel generator model, hydrolic turbine (ref), 

    • Simulink 02: 3-phase transformer

  • Simulink: Perform Power System Studies

    • Excitation system models, IEEE recommended practice for excitation system modeling

7. Powerworld Materials

• • 3-bus system example

  • 3-bus example 02

  • Userguide version 12

    • ECE451 Training Materials prepared by Xiangqi Zhu (can be downloaded from this page)

  • Time Step Simulation

    • Generator Cost Curves (Slide 13&14) (Can also be downloaded from this page.

  • Use auxiliary files

  • Power system faults

Other Online Courses: 

1. Indian Institute of Technology

How to use PowerWorld

You can download PowerWorld  to your personal computer. Note that it only works on Windows and will not work on Macintosh. 

• 1. An overview: A Quick Start

  2. Basics 01: Tutorial For Solving A Basic Problem

  3. Example 1. How to build a three bus system (34 minutes)

  4. Example 2. How to build a three bus system (24 minutes)

  5. Tutorial 3: Power flow and voltage control (65 minutes) (More advanced)  

  6. Advanced 1: Optimal Power Flow

  7. Advanced 2: Modeling Using Scripts

  8. Advanced 3: Power Flow and Voltage Control

  9. Advanced 4: Fault Analysis

  10. Advanced 5: Lecture Notes - ProblemInterface and Common Tools

Background Information: Math and Physics

1. Matrices Operations

2. Basic Trigonometry

3. What is real and reative power-part I?  (an excellect analogy)

4. What is the real and reactive power - Part II

5. What is the real and reactive power - part III

6. Electric Potentials (1) (a cool 3D demo. I like their illustrations)

7. Electric Circuits (2)

   1. resistance, capacitance, and inductance

8. More Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky

 Chapter 1: Background

1. How power is generated and transferred

2. How coal power plants work (1)

3. How coal power plants work (2)

4. How wind turbine works

5. How solar power system works

   1. How geo-thermal power plant works?

6. How does a tidal lagoon power plant work

7. what is a smart grid?

• 1. smart grid basics (1) 

8. smart grid basics (2)

9. smart grid basics (3)

10. How power is transmitted to your homes

11. Power distribution system basics

Chapter 2: Transformers

• 1. How transformers work (1)

1. How a transformer works (2) (structures)

2. Transformer animation

3. Self induction and mutual induction

4. How transformer works (a lecture with aniemations)

5. Power Transformer oil regeneration (Siemens)

Chapter 3: Synchronous Machines

1. How does an alternator work?

2. Basic principles of alternator - synchronous generator

3. Synchronous generator principles?

4. Synchronous gnerator and motors

5. How synchronous motor works?

6. Demo: generators

Chapter 5: Transmission lines

1. Components of transmission lines

2. Corona effect

3. Skin effect

4. Lecture regarding the transmission line structure

5. Lecture regarding transmission line model

6. Lecture regarding transmission line model (IIT online course, contributed by Michael Smith)(

Chapter 7: The Admittance Matrix

1. Writing admittance matrix by inspection

2. Admittance and Impedance Matrix Notes (submitted by Tom A Barrett)

Chapter 8: The Impedance Model and Network Calculations

• 1. Aditional Notes (Part I) by Rami Fayez

  2. Additional Notes (Part II) by Rami Fayez

Chapter 9: Power Flow Solutions

1. A brief introduction of the Gauss-Seidel Method

2. A brief introduction of the Newton Method

3. Gauss-Seidel Method Examples Part 1

4. Gauss-Seidel Method Examples Part 2

5. Implementation of Gauss-Seidel Method into a standard Power Flow problem

6. Newton Raphson Methods Examples (1)

   1. Newton Raphson Methods Examples (2) 

Chapter 10: Sequence Network

1. Animations of symmetrical components

2. Electric PE Exam - Symmetrical Components (part 1)(Contributed by Haley Craig)

3. Electric PE Exam - Symmetrical components (part 2)(Contributed by Haley Craig)

4. Electric PE Exam - Symmetrical components (part 3)(Contributed by Haley Craig)

   1. An introduction of sequence network components 

5. SEL paper on sequence network

Chapter 11: Power System Faults

1. Solving three-phase phase problem (contrributed by Michael Smith)

2. Transmission line, breaker, transformer failure videos

3. Transmission flash overs Arcing when breakers are open

4. A tree fault

   1. A tree fault experiments 

   2. Unsymmetrical Line Fault example, Line to Line Fault, Line to Ground Fault, Transmission Line Fault in real life. (Contributed By Alex Bowling)

5. Unsymmetrical Fault Examples (contributed by Michael Smith)

• 1. Fault videos

     1. •Top 5 Dangerous Short Circuit Videos

     2. •faults videos

     3. •5 POWERFUL Transformer Failures [What went wrong?

        1. •Breaker Open

Chapter 0: How to use Powerworld

• 1. You can download the PowerWorld software from the NCSU website.

1. Online videos for how to use Powerworld

   1. Download powerworld cases 

2. A quick start guide of Power world

3. An explanation of PowerWorld features

4. Power World Introduction Video

5. Power World Youtube channel

• 1. Power Flow Analysis in Powerworld (Contributed by Brittany Franklin) 

 ********Other Materials ***************

Chapter 101: Renewables: 

Contributed by William Bumgardner. This one came out of the IEI here at state.

Contributed by Thomas Alexander Barret. Here is a video that is good introduction to solar integration in households (its from south Africa but still lots of good information) 

Chapter 102: Electrical Vehicles Articles

1.      Contributed by Brittany Franklin: How electric car charging works.

2.     Contributed by Jose Zavala. 

a.     Looking at the future of electrical vehicles

b.     The past, present and future od an electrical vehicle

c.      The projected stock of electrical vehicles

3.     Contributed by Mackenzie Dougherty

a.     National annual values for almost all energy sources used in the US

b.     Specific data related to the amount of vehicles on the road sorted by fuel source

c.      Charging Locations, equipment, and regulations in NC for Plug-in Electric Vehicles

Chapter 103:  Energy Efficiency

1.     Contributed by Brittany Franklin. ABB equipment effects on Power Grid Efficiency and Reliability ()

2.     Contributed by Shaunak Turaga.

a.     The Energy Freedom Act: 

The Energy Freedom Act introduces limited market competition for North Carolina’s electricity customers, who are currently required to purchase power from the monopoly utility that serves their community. The legislation would for the first time allow North Carolina property owners to purchase electricity directly from a renewable energy company of their choosing. The company would own, operate and maintain a power system installed on the property owner’s roof or property. This is an interesting bill as we may be able to pursue such businesses as potential entrepreneurs!

b.     Google Project Sunroof 

When you enter you address, Project Sunroof looks up your home in Google Maps and combines that information with other databases to create your personalized roof analysis.

c.      Power Factor 

Many times we use power factor but don't understand how this is significant in real world applications. The link shows data for PF improvements and things to consider.

3.     Contributed by Sean Ketring

a.     MIT Free Online Course in Electric Power Systems

b.     Youtube lecture series which covers many topics of our class

c.      How to build a solar panel

4.     Contributed by Robert Tucker

a.     Introduction to Protective Relays

b.     Live Removal of Circuit Breaker 

c.      Arc Flash Study (Very important and commonly conducted study in the power industry): 

5.     Contributed by Nabil FARISS

a.     Germany is #1 in the World for Energy Efficiency 

b.     Solar power solutions - Everything you need for sustainable success 

c.      Smart Grid Denmark- the intelligent power grid of the future 

6.     Contributed By Audra DeRome:

1.         A video on symmetrical components

2.         A video on three phase transformers

3.         A video on wye delta transformations

7.     submitted by Thomas Alexander Barrett.  ABB Center for Smart Grid Excellence: Here are two videos that show you the center and how it can do fault detection and correction in real time. Its great to see how in the future how we would do power flow, like seeing the Duke Energy location this is a great place to check out. First the overall tour.

8.     Demonstration of Fault detection

9.     Submitted by Abraham Aslami

a.         How to measure voltage, current, and resistance

b.         How to make a solar cooker and how it works: 

c.          Faraday cage, how it works demo

     10. Submitted by Shawn Lynch

             ABB Power System Protection Webinars

             https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlJ-TfKDdQk&list=PLOviLi0WDsq6coTBsadR8k6VsXesxXK2V

Note that the following material is not the course material.  This is a website under deveopment and the code is untested.  All the course related material has been uploaded to the MOODLE site and can only be accessed when you registered to the class.

1. Youtube videos about relay

2. Delta_service for recording lectures

3. Matrix Vector Multiplication