Chinese Translations

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<details><summary>Biography of Liu Feng* - 劉封傳</summary>

Liu Feng was originally a scion of the Marquis of Luo of the Kou clan, and a nephew of the Liu clan of Changsha. When the Former Lord arrived at Jing Province, he had no heir yet, and adopted Liu Feng as his son. When the Former Lord entered Shu, from Jiameng, he went to attack Liu Zhang. At the time, Feng was over 20 years old, but was strong, that his strength surpassed others. He led troops too with Zhuge Liang and Zhang Fei to sail to the west, and in battles, triumphed. When Yi Province was settled, Feng was made General of the Household of the Assisting Army.

劉封者，本羅侯寇氏之子，長沙劉氏之甥也。先主至荊州，以未有繼嗣，養封為子。及先主入蜀，自葭萌還攻劉璋，時封年二十餘，有武藝，氣力過人，將兵俱與諸葛亮、張飛等泝流西上，所在戰克。益州旣定，以封為副軍中郎將。

Previously, Liu Zhang sent Meng Da of Fufeng to assist Fa Zheng. Each led 2,000 soldiers, and sent them to welcome the Former Lord, and the Former Lord hence ordered Da to lead soldiers and garrison at Jiangling. After Shu was pacified, Da was made Grand Administrator of Yidu.

初，劉璋遣扶風孟達副法正，各將兵二千人，使迎先主，先主因令達并領其衆，留屯江陵。蜀平後，以達為宜都太守。

In the 24th year of the Jian'an era, Da was ordered from Zigui to attack Fanngling, and the Grand Adminstrator of Fangling; Kuai Qi was killed by Da's troops. Da was about to advance and attack Shangyong, but the Former Lord secretly feared Da would be hampered by himself, and thus sent Feng from Hanzhong to sail down the Mian River and supply Da's army. He and Da met at Shangyong.

建安二十四年，命達從秭歸北攻房陵，房陵太守蒯祺為達兵所害。達將進攻上庸，先主陰恐達難獨任，乃遣封自漢中乘沔水下統達軍，與達會上庸。

"The ancients have said, 'The distant are not among the close; the new cannot surpass the old.' This means that if the sovereign is enlighened and subordinate is upright, foul slanders will not work. If there be a powerful lord who deceives their master, a virtuous father who loves his kin, even loyal officials who go through glory will suffer disaster, and filial sons who embrace benevolence will receive difficulty. [Wen] Zhong, Shang [Yang], Bai Qi, Xiao Ji, and Bo Qi are all examples. This is so not because flesh and blood want to be separated or that relatives enjoy suffering; it is said that one's kindness can persuade or love can change [someone], but it is also said that slander can spawn trouble. Even loyal ministers cannot persuade their lord and filial sons cannot change their father. With sycophants added on, they can change relatives into rivals, and moreover make them unrelated! Shen Sheng, Wei Ji, Yukou, and Chu Jian possessed ability, and were to suceeed the throne as is their right, but still ended as such!"

「古人有言：『疏不間親，新不加舊。』此謂上明下直，讒慝不行也。若乃權君譎主，賢父慈親，猶有忠臣蹈功以罹禍，孝子抱仁以陷難，種、商、白起、孝己、伯奇，皆其類也。其所以然，非骨肉好離，親親樂患也。或有恩移愛易，亦有讒間其間，雖忠臣不能移之於君，孝子不能變之於父者也。勢利所加，改親為讎，況非親親乎！故申生、衞伋、禦寇、楚建禀受形之氣，當嗣立之正，而猶如此。」

"Right now, you and the King of Hanzhong are men who met on roads, nothing more. Your relation, though not by flesh nor blood, is that you are given great power; your righteousness, though not of lord to subject, is that you are in a high position. In conquest, you are empowered with great authority; in occupation, you are honored as a assisting general. The far and near have heard such. But after Adou [Liu Shan]'s installment as Crown Prince, the aforementioned people share disappointed hearts. Had Shen Sheng listened to Ziyu's words, he would be Taibo; had Wei Ji listened to his younger brother's plot, he would never have his father's ridicule.

「今足下與漢中王，道路之人耳，親非骨血而據勢權，義非君臣而處上位，征則有偏任之威，居則有副軍之號，遠近所聞也。自立阿斗為太子已來，有識之人相為寒心。如使申生從子輿之言，必為太伯；衞伋聽其弟之謀，無彰父之譏也。且小白出奔，入而為霸；重耳踰垣，卒以克復。自古有之，非獨今也。」

Feng did not listen to Da's words. Shen Yi revolted against Feng, and Feng was defeated and retreated to Shen Dan. Shen Dan surrendered to Wei. Wei made Dan as huaijijiangjun, and he moved to Nanyang, and Yi as Grand Adminstrator of Weixing, enfeoffed as Marquis of Zhen Township, and garrisoned at Xunkou.[1] When Feng arrived, the Former Lord accused Feng for antagonizing Da and not saving Yu. Zhueg Liang feared Feng's resoluteness and fierceness, that after [the Former Lord] changed the world, [Feng] would ultimately be difficult to control, and thus urged the Former Lord to hence eliminate him. He thereupon granted Feng death, forcing him to kill himself. Feng sighed and said, "I regret not using Meng Zidu's words!" The Former Lord thus cried tears. Da's original courtesy name was Zijing, but to avoid the [naming taboo of the] Former Lord's younger uncle, Jing, he changed it.[2]

封不從達言。申儀叛封，封破走還成都。申耽降魏，魏假耽懷集將軍，徙居南陽，儀魏興太守，封真鄉侯，屯洵口。〔一〕封旣至，先主責封之侵陵達，又不救羽。諸葛亮慮封剛猛，易世之後終難制御，勸先主因此除之。於是賜封死，使自裁。封嘆曰：「恨不用孟子度之言！」先主為之流涕。達本字子敬，避先主叔父敬，改之。〔二〕

<details><summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Summary of Wei states: Shen Yi's elder brother was Dan, styled Yiju. Previously, when he was in Xiping and Shangyong...

〔一〕《魏略》曰：申儀兄名耽，字義舉。初在西平、上庸間聚衆數千家，後與張魯通，又遣使詣曹公，曹公加其號為將軍，因使領上庸都尉。至建安末，為蜀所攻，以其郡西屬。黃初中，儀復來還，詔即以兄故號加儀，因拜魏興太守，封列侯。太和中，儀與孟達不和，數上言達有貳心於蜀，及達反，儀絕蜀道，使救不到。達死後，儀詣宛見司馬宣王，宣王勸使來朝。儀至京師，詔轉儀拜樓舡將軍，在禮請中。

〔二〕Feng's son, Lin, was General of the Ivory Gates, and in the 1st year of the Xianxi era, he settled in Hedong. Da's son, Xing, served as yidujun; that year, he moved back to Fufeng.

〔二〕封子林為牙門將，咸熙元年內移河東。達子興為議督軍，是歲徙還扶風。

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<details><summary>Biography of Liao Li - 廖立傳</summary>

Liao Li,[1] styled Gongyuan, was from Linyuan, Wuling. When the Former Lord led Jing Province as Governor, [Li] was made a clerk. He was not yet 30. He was promoted to Grand Adminstrator of Changsha. When the Former Lord entered Shu, Zhuge Liang garrisoned the lands of Jing. Sun Quan sent an envoy for good relations with Liang, and hence asked which scholars were vertical and horizontal [great in governance]. Liang answered, "Pang Tong and Liao Li are good talents from Chu. They are able to aid in governing the world."

廖立〔一〕字公淵，武陵臨沅人。先主領荊州牧，辟為從事，年未三十，擢為長沙太守。先主入蜀，諸葛亮鎮荊土，孫權遣使通好於亮，因問士人皆誰相經緯者，亮荅曰：「龐統、廖立，楚之良才，當贊興世業者也。」

<details><summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕Liao is pronounced Li.

〔一〕廖音理救反。

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In the 20th year of the Jian'an era, Quan sent Lü Meng to secretly attack three commanderies in the south. Li escaped and fled, coming to the Former Lord. The Former Lord long respecteed him, and did not blame too deeply. He thus was made Grand Adminstrator of Ba Commandery.

建安二十年，權遣呂蒙奄襲南三郡，立脫身走，自歸先主。先主素識待之，不深責也，以為巴郡太守。

In the 24th year, when the Former Lord became King of Hanzhong, he made Li a Palace Attendant. When the Latter Lord succeeded the throne, he made [Li] Colonel of Changshui. In Li's original intentions, he claimed his talent and reputation were Zhuge Liang's second, but to be unused under Li Yan, he constantly felt unhappy.

二十四年，先主為漢中王，徵立為侍中。後主襲位，徙長水校尉。立本意，自謂才名宜為諸葛亮之貳，而更游散在李嚴等下，常懷怏怏。

Later, when the Assisting Chancellor's assistants, Li Shao and Jiang Wan came, Li proposed, "The army is to leave for afar. Gentlemen, you are good in pondering over matters. Of yore, when the Former Emperor did not take Hanzhong, rather fought with the people of Wu for the 3 commanderies of the south. In the end, this caused the 3 commanderies to be lost to Wu. That was an useless effort and a loss of our officials and soldiers. There was no benefit when they returned. After Hanzhong fell, [Wei] sent Xiahou Yuan and Zhang He penetrate into Ba, almost seizing one province. After re-taking Hanzhong, even Marquis Guan's corpse could not be collected, and Shangyong was still lost, losing another piece of land. Yu only relied on his bravery. He commanded armies without organization, and his stubbornness made his actions rash, nothing more. Therefore, overall, he lost numerous armies. Those like Xiang Lang and Wen Gong are petty men, nothing more. Gong, when doing governance, has no important laws, and Lang, in the past, commended Ma Liang and his brothers, claiming they are sages. Even now as a Chief Clerk, his old self still tries to join roads [make incompatible people work together]. The Palace Gentleman; Guo Yanchang heeds others, nothing more, and he is incompetent to plan great deeds yet is made Palace Attendant. Now in this declining era, if you want to appoint these three people, do not! And Wang Lian is too wayward! He will take money, causing the common people to become poor and exhausted. This led to today!" Shao and Wan reported such words to Zhuge Liang. Liang petitioned about Li, saying, "The Colonel of the Changshui; Liao Li thinks himself grandeur, evaluating other scholars, then declaring that the dynasty should not appoint the virtuous and talented but appoint mediocre officials, and he also said tens of thousands of scholars are all rascals! And he famed the First Emperor, as well as slandering officials! When people said that the nation's soldiers were concise in their training, that their organization was precise, Li raised his head, looked at them, and with an angry face, said, 'Why even mention them?' Such talk cannot be counted. A sheep can frighten a flock in that it can still be able to do harm. Moreover, Li is in a high position. Will people have to determine what is true or false?"

後丞相掾李邵、蔣琬至，立計曰：「軍當遠出，卿諸人好諦其事。昔先帝不取漢中，走與吳人爭南三郡，卒以三郡與吳人，徒勞役吏士，無益而還。旣亡漢中，使夏侯淵、張郃深入于巴，幾喪一州。後至漢中，使關侯身死無孑遺，上庸覆敗，徒失一方。是羽怙恃勇名，作軍無法，直以意突耳，故前後數喪師衆也。如向朗、文恭，凡俗之人耳。恭作治中無綱紀；朗昔奉馬良兄弟，謂為聖人，今作長史，素能合道。中郎郭演長，從人者耳，不足與經大事，而作侍中。今弱世也，欲任此三人，為不然也。王連流俗，苟作掊克，使百姓疲弊，以致今日。」

邵、琬具白其言於諸葛亮。亮表立曰：「長水校尉廖立，坐自貴大，臧否羣士，公言國家不任賢達而任俗吏，又言萬人率者皆小子也；誹謗先帝，疵毀衆臣。人有言國家兵衆簡練，部伍分明者，立舉頭視屋，憤咤作色曰：『何足言！』凡如是者不可勝數。羊之亂羣，猶能為害，況立託在大位，中人以下識真偽邪？」

<details><summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕Liang's Collection has Liang's petition. It said, "Li served the First Emperor without a mind of loyalty or filialty. When he guarded Changsha, he thus opened the gates to the enemy; when he governed Ba Commandery, he secretly dealt with the ignoble in their matters; when he followed the Generalissimo, he slandered and defamed sardonically; when he waited next to the imperial coffin, he unsheathed his sword and cut someone's head next to the imperial coffin. After Your Majesty ascended the throne, you had everyone promoted in rank and title. Li accordingly became a General, but he spoke face-to-face with me that, 'Why should I be a general! You did not petition for me to be a minister, but made me one of the Five Colonels!' Your servant replied, 'As a general, it is thus a great rank. Regarding ministers, [Li] Zhengfang is also not a minister. Furtheremore, you are suitable to be one of the Five Colonels.' From this moment forward, he became impatient and resentful. An edict stated, "When the three Miao rebelled against the government, Yu exiled them mercifully. Liao Li is mad and confused, and I cannot bear punishing him, so I shall forcefully move him to barren lands."

〔一〕《亮集》有亮表曰：「立奉先帝無忠孝之心，守長沙則開門就敵，領巴郡則有闇昧闟茸其事，隨大將軍則誹謗譏訶，侍梓宮則挾刃斷人頭於梓宮之側。陛下即位之後，普增職號，立隨比為將軍，面語臣曰：『我何宜在諸將軍中！不表我為卿，上當在五校！』臣荅：『將軍者，隨大比耳。至於卿者，正方亦未為卿也。且宜處五校。』自是之後，怏怏懷恨。」詔曰：「三苗亂政，有虞流宥，廖立狂惑，朕不忍刑，亟徙不毛之地。」

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Thereupon, he was removed from position to be a commoner, and exiled to Wenshan Commandery. Li himself led his wife and children to farm and support themselves. When he heard Zhuge Liang died, his cried and sighed, saying, "I'll die as a foreigner of the left!" Later, when the Supervisor of the Army; Jiang Wei led his troops into Wenshan, he visited Li, and claimed Li's bearing had not declined, that his words and speech were natural. Li thus ended in exile. His wife and children returned to Shu.

於是廢立為民，徙汶山郡。立躬率妻子耕殖自守，聞諸葛亮卒，垂泣歎曰：「吾終為左袵矣！」後監軍姜維率偏軍經汶山，往詣立，稱立意氣不衰，言論自若。立遂終於徙所。妻子還蜀。

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<details><summary>Biography of Yang Yi - 楊儀傳</summary>

Yang Yi, styled Weigong, was from Xiangyang. During the Jian'an era, he served as the Inspector of Jing Province; Fu Qun's registrar, but betrayed Qun and went to the Grand Adminstrator of Xiangyang; Guan Yu. Yu made him a gongcao and sent him as an envoy west to visit the Former Lord. The Former Lord and he talked and discussed military affairs, strategies and plans, and in politics and governing, gains and losses. He was greatly pleased with him, and hence he appointed him Bureau Officer of the General of the Left's Armies. When the Former Lord became the King of Hanzhong, he made Yi a Secretariat. When the Former Lord assumed his honorable titles, he went east to invade Wu. Yi and the Prefect of the Secretariat; Liu Ba were unfriendly, so he demoted [Yi's] post to be afar as Grand Adminstrator of Hongnong.

楊儀字威公，襄陽人也。建安中，為荊州刺史傅羣主簿，背羣而詣襄陽太守關羽。羽命為功曹，遣奉使西詣先主。先主與語論軍國計策，政治得失，大悅之，因辟為左將軍兵曹掾。及先主為漢中王，拔儀為尚書。先主稱尊號，東征吳，儀與尚書令劉巴不睦，左遷遙署弘農太守。

In the 3rd year of the Jianxing era, Assisting Chancellor; Liang had him join the army, arranging matters, and going south.

建興三年，丞相亮以為參軍，署府事，將南行。

In the 5th year, he followed Liang to Hanzhong.

五年，隨亮漢中。

In the 8th year, he became Chief Clerk, and also became General who Calms the Army. When Liang constantly left with army, and Yi constantly arranged and divided bureaus. He prepared grain and food,

八年，遷長史，加綏軍將軍。亮數出軍，儀常規畫分部，籌度糧穀，不稽思慮，斯須便了。軍戎節度，取辦於儀。亮深惜儀之才幹，憑魏延之驍勇，常恨二人之不平，不忍有所偏廢也。

In the 12th year, he folllowed Liang to garrison at Gukou. Liang died in Dichang. Yi then led the army to return, and also executed Yan. He thought his glory was most great, and that he accordingly should replace Liang in governing, and so called the Commandant; Zhao Zheng with Zhou's Changes to divine; the hexagram was "family", so he was silently displeased. And when Liang was alive in peacetime, because Yi was impetuous and narrow-minded by nature, his intentions were on Jiang Wan, and Wan thus became Prefect of Secretariat and Inspector of Yi Province. When Yi arrived, he became Leader of the Central Army. He had no subordinates, but acted calm and all.

十二年，隨亮出屯谷口。亮卒於敵場。儀旣領軍還，又誅討延，自以為功勳至大，宜當代亮秉政，呼都尉趙正以周易筮之，卦得家人，默然不悅。而亮平生宓指，以儀性狷狹，意在蔣琬，琬遂為尚書令、益州刺史。儀至，拜為中軍師，無所統領，從容而已。

Previously, Yi was the Former Lord's Secretariat, and Wan served as Gentleman Secretariat, and later, both of them served as Chief Clerk and Adjutant to the Chancellor. Each time Yi followed, he did serious work, and because his years in service preceded Xian, that his ability surpassed [Wan's], he thus became extremely resentful in his voice and appearance, and sighed emotionally from his five organs. Contemporaries feared that his words were wayward, so none dared associate with him. Only the Strategist of the Rear Army; Fei Yi moved to comfort him. Yi replied to [Fei] Yi with his resentments and hatred; from beginning to end, he spoke and spoke, and also told Fei [Yi], "In the past, when the Chancellor perished at the frontiers, had I brought my army as to surrender to the Wei dynasty, would this situation stooped to this! Now I so regret not being able to return to such." [Fei] Yi secretly petitioned such talk.

初，儀為先主尚書，琬為尚書郎，後雖俱為丞相參軍長史，儀每從行，當其勞劇，自為年宦先琬，才能踰之，於是怨憤形于聲色，歎咤之音發於五內。時人畏其言語不節，莫敢從也，惟後軍師費禕往慰省之。儀對禕恨望，前後云云，又語禕曰：「往者丞相亡沒之際，吾若舉軍以就魏氏，處世寧當落度如此邪！令人追悔不可復及。」禕密表其言。

On the 13th year, Yi was deposed to commoner and exiled to Hanjia Commandery. When Yi arrived at his exile, he again sent up a message of slander and libel. His words were so provoking and greatly aggravating that it thus moved the commandery to arrest Yi. Yi killed himself, and his wife and child(ren) returned to Shu.

十三年，廢儀為民，徙漢嘉郡。儀至徙所，復上書誹謗，辭指激切，遂下郡収儀。儀自殺，其妻子還蜀。

<details><summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Biographies of the Most Virtuous within Chu says: Yi's elder brother was Lü, styled Weifang. When young, he had virtuous conduct, and south of the river, he had great prestige. The provinces and commaneries respectfully summoned him, and various lords tried to recruit him, all he would not bend. He was 17 when died, and the townsfolk and clansmen nicknamed him Lord Yang of Virtuous Conduct.

〔一〕《楚國先賢傳》云：儀兄慮，字威方。少有德行，為江南冠冕。州郡禮召，諸公辟請，皆不能屈。年十七，夭，鄉人宗貴號曰德行楊君。

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<details><summary>Commentary</summary>

Commentary: Liu Feng was in a place of mistrust and suspicion, and his defensive mindset was not enough to defend himself. Yang Yi servedd as an official was notable.

評曰：劉封處嫌疑之地，而思防不足以自衞。彭羕、廖立以才拔進，李嚴以幹局達，魏延以勇略任，楊儀以當官顯，劉琰舊仕，並咸貴重。覽其舉措，迹其規矩，招禍取咎，無不自己也。

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