Chinese Translations

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<details><summary>Biography of Gongsun Zan*</summary>

Gongsun Zan, styled Bogui, was from Lingzhi, Liaoxi.[1] He served as Scribal Aide below the Gates. He was handsome, with a loud voice. Grand Adminstrator; Hou valued him and had his daughter marry him.[2] He went to Lu Zhi of Zhuo Commandery to study texts. He later again became a commandery offficial. When Grand Adminstrator; Liu was summoned to see the Minister of Justice for a matter, Zan drove the imperial chariot and looked after him. When Liu was exiled to Rinan, Zan prepared rice and meat at Beimang and offered them to his ancestors, and with his drink in libation, he exclaimed, "In the past, I was a son of a man. Now I am a servant of a man. I will travel to Rinan, but Rinan has miasmic air, and I fear I may not return, so I hereupon bid farewell to my ancestors." He again paid his respects passionately and then rose. At the time, among those who saw this, there was none who didn't choke up nor cry. Liu was pardoned along the way, and Zan was nominated as Filial and Incorrupt and served as a Gentleman. He then moved to Liaodong Vassal Commandery where he served as Chief Clerk. He once led tens of cavalry to leave for the frontier, when he saw hundreds of Xianbei cavalry approach. Zan thereupon retreated to a vacant pavilion and quickly said to his cavalry, "If we do not charge upon them, then all of us will die!" Zan thus grasped his spear, attaching blades on both ends, and charged out and struck the barbarians. He killed and wounded tens of them, but as half of the cavalry perished, they retreated again. The Xianbei, having been punished, would never dare enter the frontier again. [Zan] later served as the Prefect of Zhuo.

公孫瓚字伯珪，遼西令支人也。〔一〕為郡門下書佐。有姿儀，大音聲，侯太守器之，以女妻焉，〔二〕適詣涿郡盧植讀經。後復為郡吏。劉太守坐事徵詣廷尉，瓚為御車，身執徒養。

及劉徙日南，瓚具米肉，於北芒上祭先人，舉觴祝曰：「昔為人子，今為人臣，當詣日南。日南鄣氣，或恐不還，與先人辭於此。」再拜慷慨而起，時見者莫不歔欷。劉道得赦還。瓚以孝廉為郎，除遼東屬國長史。甞從數十騎出行塞，見鮮卑數百騎，瓚乃退入空亭中，約其從騎曰：「今不衝之，則死盡矣。」瓚乃自持矛，兩頭施刃，馳出刺胡，殺傷數十人，亦亡其從騎半，遂得免。鮮卑懲艾，後不敢復入塞。遷為涿令。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕Ling sounds like Langdang; Zhi sounds like Qi'er.

〔一〕令音郎定反。支音其兒反。

〔二〕The Dianlüe states: Zan, by nature, was clever and eloquent. Each time he reported matters, he was unwilling to downplay. He constantly eloquently discussed several governmental affairs, and he never neglected a mistake. The Grand Adminstrator valued his talent.

〔二〕《典略》曰：瓚性辯慧，每白事不肯梢入，常總說數曹事，無有忘誤，太守奇其才。

</details>

During the Guanghe era, the traitors of Liang Province rose up, sending to You Province swift cavalry of 3,000 men. A temporary [tally] gave Zan command of affairs, and was sent to attack them. The army arrived at Jizhong, where Zhang Chun of Yuyang tricked the Liaoxi Wuwan; Qiuliju to revolt, and seizing and plundering Jizhong. He made himself a General, and plundered officials and people, attacking Youbeiping and the various cities of the Subordinate Commandery of Liaoxi, all of which were raided. Zan led his subordinates, chasing and attacking Chun, gaining merits, and shifted to Commandant of the Cavalry. The Subordinate Commandery Wuwan; King Tanzhi led his men to surrender to Zan. He shifted to General of the Household and enfeoffed as Marquis of a Capital District. He thus garrisoned in the Subordinate Commandery, and he and the Hu fought and striked each other for five or six years. Qiulijiu plundered Qing, Xu, You, and Ji Provinces, all which had harm, and Zan could not block.

光和中，涼州賊起，發幽州突騎三千人，假瓚都督行事傳，使將之。軍到薊中，漁陽張純誘遼西烏丸丘力居等叛，劫略薊中，自號將軍，略吏民攻右北平、遼西屬國諸城，所至殘破。瓚將所領，追討純等有功，遷騎都尉。屬國烏丸貪至王率種人詣瓚降。遷中郎將，封都亭侯，進屯屬國，與胡相攻擊五六年。丘力居等鈔略青、徐、幽、冀，四州被其害，瓚不能禦。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Spring and Autumn of Nine Provinces state" Chun declared himself to be General who Mends Heaven and King of Anding.

〔一〕《九州春秋》曰：純自號彌天將軍、安定王。

</details>

The court discussed that the Minister of the Imperial Clan; Liu Bo'an of Donghai had virtue and righteousness, that he was Inspector of You Province before, and his kindness and trust was widespread and had the Rong and Di respect him. If he was sent to guard and comfort them, then they would not trouble the masses and thus it would be stable. And so Liu Yu was made Governor of You Province.[1] When Yu arrived, he sent an envoy to the Hu, explained advantages and disadvantages, and asked to return with Chun's head. When Qiuliju and the others heard Yu arrived, they were pleased, and sent envoys to translate to them. Zan hated Yu's achievementsm and secretly sent someone to sneak and kill the Hu envoy. The Hu learned of this situation, and went to Yu. Yu ordered a dispersion of his garrisoned troops, but had Zan remain with 10,000 infantry and cavalry to garrison Youbeiping. Chun thus abandoned his wife and children, fleeing to the Xianbei, but his retainer, Wang Zheng, killed him, and sent his head to Yu. Zheng was enfeoffed as a marquis. Yu, due to his achievements, became Elite Commandant, and enfeoffed as Marquis of Xiangbi.[2]

朝議以宗正東海劉伯安旣有德義，昔為幽州刺史，恩信流著，戎狄附之，若使鎮撫，可不勞衆而定，乃以劉虞為幽州牧。〔一〕虞到，遣使至胡中，告以利害，責使送純首。丘力居等聞虞至，喜，各遣譯自歸。瓚害虞有功，乃陰使人徼殺胡使。胡知其情，間行詣虞。虞上罷諸屯兵，但留瓚將步騎萬人屯右北平。純乃棄妻子，逃入鮮卑，為其客王政所殺，送首詣虞。封政為列侯。虞以功即拜太尉，封襄賁侯。〔二〕

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕

〔一〕《吳書》曰：虞，東海恭王之後也。遭世衰亂，又與時主疏遠，仕縣為戶曹吏。以能治身奉職，召為郡吏，以孝廉為郎，累遷至幽州刺史，轉甘陵相，甚得東土戎狄之心。後以疾歸家，常降身隱約，與邑黨州閭同樂共卹，等齊有無，不以名位自殊，鄉曲咸共宗之。時鄉曲有所訴訟，不以詣吏，自投虞平之；虞以情理為之論判，皆大小敬從，不以為恨。嘗有失牛者，骨體毛色與虞牛相似，因以為是，虞便推與之；後主自得本牛，乃還謝罪。會甘陵復亂，吏民思虞治行，復以為甘陵相，甘陵大治。徵拜尚書令、光祿勳，以公族有禮，更為宗正。英雄記曰：虞為博平令，治正推平，高尚純樸，境內無盜賊，災害不生。時隣縣接壤，蝗蟲為害，至博平界，飛過不入。魏書曰：虞在幽州，清靜儉約，以禮義化民。靈帝時，南宮災，吏遷補州郡者，皆責助治宮錢，或一千萬，或二千萬，富者以私財辨，或發民錢以備之，貧而清慎者無以充調，或至自殺。靈帝以虞清貧，特不使出錢。

〔二〕The Records of Famed Heroes state: When Yu was made Elite Commandant, he hence recommended the Minister of Guards; Zhao Mo, the Governor of Yi Province; Liu Yan, the Governor of Yu Province; Huang Wan, and the Grand Administrator of Nanyang; Yang Xu, and all served as lords.

〔二〕《英雄記》曰：虞讓太尉，因薦衞尉趙謨、益州牧劉焉、豫州牧黃琬、南陽太守羊續，並任為公。

</details>

It happened Dong Zhuo arrived at Luoyang. He made Yu the Grand Major and Zan the General who Emits Might, enfeoffing him as Marquis of Ji. Those east of the passes had righteous troops rose in rebellion, so Zhuo thus coerced the Emperor to go west. He summoned Yu to be Elite Tutor, but the roads were blocked, and the message never reached [him]. Yuan Shao and Han Fu discussed and reasoned that a young emperor was controlled by an evil vassal, so the realm had no loyalty. Yu was a famed clansman and the people respected him. They thus pushed Yu to be the Emperor. They sent an envoy to Yu, but Yu ultimately was not willing to accept. Shao and the others again urged Yu to lead affairs of the Secretariat, making the seal, but Yu again did not listen, but was still peaceful with them.[1] Yu's son, He, was Palace Attendant, who was at Chang'an. The Son of Heaven wanted to return east, and sent He to trick and leave Zhuo, and secretly left Wu Pass to Yu, who ordered him to lead troops to welcome [the Emperor]. He traveled to Yuan Shu and told him the Son of Heaven's intentions. Shu wanted to strengthen himself Yu as an ally, and forced He to stay without leaving, but promised [to send] troops to go west, and ordered He to wrote to Yu. When Yu got He's message, he thus sent 1,000 cavalry to He. Zan knew Shu had different ambitions and did not want to send troops and tried to stop Yu, but Yu did not [listen]. Zan feared Shu would hear [this] and hate him, so he also sent his younger cousin, Yue, to lead 1,000 cavalry to Shu for a personal alliance, while secretly instructing Shu to seize He and take his troops. Forthwith, Yu and Zan's rift grew. [Liu] He escaped Shu to go north, and again forced to remain by Shao.

會董卓至洛陽，遷虞大司馬，瓚奮武將軍，封薊侯。關東義兵起，卓遂劫帝西遷，徵虞為太傅，道路隔塞，信命不得至。袁紹、韓馥議，以為少帝制於姦臣，天下無所歸心。虞，宗室知名，民之望也，遂推虞為帝。遣使詣虞，虞終不肯受。紹等復勸虞領尚書事，承制封拜，虞又不聽，然猶與紹等連和。〔一〕虞子和為侍中，在長安。天子思東歸，使和偽逃卓，潛出武關詣虞，令將兵來迎。和道經袁術，為說天子意。術利虞為援，留和不遣，許兵至俱西，令和為書與虞。虞得和書，乃遣數千騎詣和。瓚知術有異志，不欲遣兵，止虞，虞不可。瓚懼術聞而怨之，亦遣其從弟越將千騎詣術以自結，而陰教術執和，奪其兵。由是虞、瓚益有隙。和逃術來北，復為紹所留。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕

〔一〕《九州春秋》曰：紹、馥使故樂浪太守甘陵張岐齎議詣虞，使即尊號。虞厲聲呵岐曰：「卿敢出此言乎！忠孝之道，旣不能濟。孤受國恩，天下擾亂，未能竭命以除國恥，望諸州郡烈義之士勠力西靣，援迎幼主，而乃妄造逆謀，欲塗汚忠臣邪！」吳書曰：馥以書與袁術，云帝非孝靈子，欲依絳、灌誅廢少主，迎立代王故事；稱虞功德治行，華夏少二，當今公室枝屬皆莫能及。又云：「昔光武去定王五世，以大司馬領河北，耿弇、馮異勸即尊號，卒代更始。今劉公自恭王枝別，其數亦五，以大司馬領幽州牧，此其與光武同。」是時有四星會于箕尾，馥稱讖云神人將在燕分。又言濟陰男子王定得玉印，文曰「虞為天子」。又見兩日出於代郡，謂虞當代立。紹又別書報術。是時術陰有不臣之心，不利國家有長主，外託公義以荅拒之。紹亦使人私報虞，虞以國有正統，非人臣所宜言，固辭不許；乃欲圖奔匈奴以自絕，紹等乃止。虞於是奉修職貢，愈益恭肅；諸外國羌、胡有所貢獻，道路不通，皆為傳送，致之京師。

</details>

Zan sent his son to ask help from the Black Mountain Bandits, and again wanted for himself to charge straight out near the south-east mountains, and receive the Black Mountain Army and attack Ji Province and cut off Shao's reinforcements. His Chief Clerk; Guan Jing told Zan, "General, your warriors have all completely collapsed [in morale], but they are able to persevere with each other because they still care for their relatives, old and young, and because you, sir, are their master, that's all. General, if you guard firmly for many days, Yuan Shao will want to retreat! After he retreats, he will regroup his army from four sides. If you, General, then abandon [Yijing] to chase him, your army would lose their authority, and Yijing would be in danger. You should stay and wait! If you, General, lose your foundation, you will be stranded in wilderness! How can you achieve [anything]?" Zan thus stopped and did not leave."

瓚遣子求救於黑山賊，復欲自將突騎直出，傍西南山，擁黑山之衆，陸梁冀州，橫斷紹後。長史關靖說瓚曰：「今將軍將士皆已土崩瓦解，其所以能相守持者，顧戀其居處老小，以將軍為主耳。將軍堅守曠日，袁紹要當自退；自退之後，四方之衆必復可合也。若將軍今舍之而去，軍無鎮重，易京之危，可立待也。將軍失本，孤在草野，何所成邪！」瓚遂止不出。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Annals of Famed Heroes state: Guan Jing, styled Shiqi, was from Taiyuan. He originally served as a punishing official, who flattered but was without grand plans. He was especially trusted and favored by Zan.

〔一〕《英雄記》曰：關靖字士起，太原人。本酷吏也，諂而無大謀，特為瓚所信幸。

</details>

</details>

<details><summary>Biography of Tao Qian*</summary>

Tao Qian, styled Gongzu, was from Danyang.[1] When he was young, he was good at studying and became a scholar. He served his home province and was nominated as Flourishing in Talent and became Prefect of Lu [County].[2] He moved to Inspector of You Province and became Consulting Gentleman. Later, he joined Cavalry General; Zhang Wen for military matters. West, they attacked Han Sui.

陶謙字恭祖，丹楊人。〔一〕少好學，為諸生，仕州邵，舉茂才，除盧令，〔二〕遷幽州剌史，徵拜議郎，參車騎將軍張溫軍事，西討韓遂。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]*</summary>

〔一〕The Book of Wu states: Qian's father was the former Chief of Yuyao. When Qian was young, he was orphaned, and thence his unbridled behavior was well-known in the county. When he was 14, he sewed silk to banners and rode bamboo horses as playtime. All the village's boys followed him. Thereafter, the Grand Adminstrator of Cangwu; Gan Gong, saw him on the road, saw his facial features, and was awed, so [Gong] called to him. They went to [Gong's] chariot to talk and [Gong] was very pleased. He hence had him marry his daughter. Gan Gong's wife heard of this and angrily said, "I heard this boy of the Tao family is arrogant and without restraint. Why would you have our daughter marry him?" Gong said, "He has extraordinary features. Once he matures, he will do great things." Thereupon the marriage happened.

〔一〕《吳書》曰：謙父，故餘姚長。謙少孤，始以不羈聞於縣中。年十四，猶綴帛為幡，乘竹馬而戲，邑中兒童皆隨之。故蒼梧太守同縣甘公出遇之塗，見其容貌，異而呼之，住車與語，甚悅，因許妻以女。甘公夫人聞之，怒曰：「妾聞陶家兒敖戲無度，如何以女許之？」公曰：「彼有奇表，長必大成。」遂妻之。

〔二〕The Book of Wu states: Qian by nature was resolute and upright, having great etiquette. When he was young, he was clever and nominated as Filial and Incorrupt, becoming Gentleman-Secretariat and became Prefect of Shu. The Commandery Adminstrator was Zhang Pan, of the same province, and was friendly with Qian's father, being especially close. Qian flattered and bent himself [to Pan]. [INCOMPLETE]

〔二〕《吳書》曰：謙性剛直，有大節，少察孝廉，拜尚書郎，除舒令。郡守張磐，同郡先輩，與謙父友意殊親之，而謙恥為之屈。與衆還城，因以公事進見，坐罷，磐常私還入與謙飲宴，或拒不為留。常以舞屬謙，謙不為起，固彊之；及舞，又不轉。磐曰：「不當轉邪？」曰：「不可轉，轉則勝人。」由是不樂，卒以搆隙。謙在官清白，無以糾舉，祠靈星，有贏錢五百，欲以臧之。謙委官而去。

</details>

</details>

<details><summary>Biography of Zhang Yang - 張楊傳</summary>

Zhang Yang, styled Zhishu, was from Yunzhong. For his strength and valor, he was recruited in Bing Province and served as a wumengcongshi. Near the end of the Keen Emperor's reign, chaos erupted. The Emperor used his favored one at the Yellow Gates, Jian Shuo, as the Western Garden's Colonel of the Upper Army. The army was in the capital, and wanted to control the four directions, and summoned the world's mighty talents to make them his lieutenants and subordinates. The Grand Progenitor and Yuan Shao were all colonels and subordinate to [Shuo].

張楊字稚叔，雲中人也。以武勇給并州，為武猛從事。靈帝末，天下亂，帝以所寵小黃門蹇碩為西園上軍校尉，軍京都，欲以御四方，徵天下豪傑以為偏裨。太祖及袁紹等皆為校尉，屬之。〔一〕

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Annals of the Keen Emperor state: Used was the General of the Household Rapid as Tigers; Yuan Shao as Colonel of the Central Army, the Colonel who Accumulates Cavalry; Bao Hong as Colonel of the Lower Army, Gentleman Consultant; Cao Cao as Colonel who Arranges the Army, Zhao Rong and Feng Fang as Colonels who Assists the Army, and Xia Mou and Chunyu Qiong as Colonels of the Left and Right.

〔一〕《靈帝紀》曰：以虎賁中郎將袁紹為中軍校尉，屯騎校尉鮑鴻為下軍校尉，議郎曹操為典軍校尉，趙融、馮芳為助軍校尉，夏牟、淳于瓊為左右校尉。

</details>

The Inspector of Bing Province; Ding Yuan sent Yang to lead troops to Shuo, making him Provisional Major. When the Keen Emperor died, Shuo was killed by He Jin. Yang was again sent by Jin, returning to his home province to recruit troops, gaining over 1,000 people, and hence stationed at Shangdang, attacking mountain bandits. When Jin fell, Dong Zhuo wrecked chaos. Yang thus was to attack the Grand Administrator of Shangdang at Hu Pass, but it did not fall, so he raided the counties, and his army reached ofer 1,000 men. When Shandong troops rose to rebel, [Yang] wanted to punish Dong Zhuo. When Yuan Shao reached Henei, Yang and Shao allied, and also with the Xiongnu Chanyu; Yufuluo garrisoned at Zhangshui. The Chanyu wanted to rebel, but Shao and Yang did not follow. The Chanyu seized Yang and they both left, but Shao sent his general, Qu Yi, to chase and attack [them] at Yenan, defeating them. The Chanyu, seizing Yang, arrived at Liyang, and attacked and defeated the General who Crosses to Liao; Geng Zhi's army, and [Yufuluo's] army was again strong. Zhuo made Yang the General who Establishes Righteousness and Grand Administrator of Henei.

并州刺史丁原遣楊將兵詣碩，為假司馬。靈帝崩，碩為何進所殺。楊復為進所遣，歸本州募兵，得千餘人，因留上黨，擊山賊。進敗，董卓作亂。楊遂以所將攻上黨太守於壺關，不下，略諸縣，衆至數千人。山東兵起，欲誅卓。袁紹至河內，楊與紹合，復與匈奴單于於夫羅屯漳水。單于欲叛，紹、楊不從。單于執楊與俱去，紹使將麴義追擊於鄴南，破之。單于執楊至黎陽，攻破渡遼將軍耿祉軍，衆復振。卓以楊為建義將軍、河內太守。

When the Son of Heaven was in Hedong, Yang led troops to seize Anyi, so he was enfeoffed as General who Calms the Nation and enfeoffed as Marquis of Jinyang. Yang wanted to welcome the Son of Heaven back to Luo, but his generals did not listen, so Yang returned to Yewang. In the 1st year of the Jian'an era, Yang Feng, Dong Cheng, and Han Xian forced the Son of Heaven back to the former capital, and their grain was depleted. Yang used his grain to take passage and then arrived at Luoyang. He told his generals, "The Son of Heaven must be with the realm as to work together, and he is blessed to have the high-ranking Excellencies and Ministers. I shall guard against external threats, so how can I serve in the capital?" He thus returned to Yewang, and was made Grand Major.

天子之在河東，楊將兵控安邑，拜安國將軍，封晉陽侯。楊欲迎天子還洛，諸將不聽；楊還野王。建安元年，楊奉、董承、韓暹挾天子還舊京，糧乏。楊以糧迎道路，遂至洛陽。謂諸將曰：「天子當與天下共之，幸有公卿大臣，楊當捍外難，何事京都？」遂還野王。即拜為大司馬。〔一〕

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Records of Famed Heroes state: Yang by nature was benevolent and peaceful, lacking harsh punishments. When his subjects plotted rebellions, [Yang] dealt with it leniently, [and the plotters] replied with tears. Afterwards, things would be normal without regard.

〔一〕《英雄記》曰：楊性仁和，無威刑。下人謀反，發覺，對之涕泣，輒原不問。

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Yang and Bu were long friendly, and when the Grand Progenitor sieged Bu, Yang wanted to rescue Bu, but couldn't. He thus departed with his army out of the Eastern City, and from afar would attack. His general, Yang Chou, killed Yang as to respond with the Grand Progenitor, but Yang's general, Sui Gu, killed Chou, and led his troops. He wanted to go north and join Yuan Shao, so the Grand Progenitor sent Shi Huan to intercept and attach them, defeating them at Quancheng. Gu was beheaded and finally, [the Grand Progenitor] absorbed their troops.

楊素與呂布善。太祖之圍布，楊欲救之，不能。乃出兵東市，遙為之勢。其將楊醜殺楊以應太祖，楊將眭固殺醜，將其衆，欲北合袁紹。太祖遣史渙邀擊，破之於犬城，斬固，盡收其衆也。〔一〕

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Dianlüe states: Gu was styled Baitu. He killed Yang Chou and his army garrisoned at Puquan. At the time, his subordinates warned Gu, saying, "General, your courtesy name has Hare in it, and this location's name has Dog in it. When a hare encounters a dog, the [dog's] attack will surely startle [the hare], and will make it run away." Gu did not listen, and therefore in the battle he died.

〔一〕《典略》曰：固字白兎，旣殺楊醜，軍屯射犬。時有巫誡固曰：「將軍字兎而此邑名犬，兎見犬，其勢必驚，宜急移去。」固不從，遂戰死。

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<details><summary>Biography of Gongsun Du*</summary>

Gongsun Du, styled Shengji, was from Xiangping, Liaodong. Du's father was Yan, who moved and served in Xuantu, appointing Du as a commandery official. At the time, the Grand Administrator of Xuantu was Gongsun Yu, whose son, Bao, was 18 when he died young. When Du was young, his name was Bao and similar in age with Yu's son. When Yu saw him, he adored him. Because of this, he helped him study and gave him a marriage. After all those events, he was made Gentleman-Secretariat, then made Inspector of Ji Province as to avoid gossip about him. Xu Rong was from the same commandery [as Du] and when he served as the General of the Household for Dong Zhuo, he recommended Du to be the Grand Administrator of Liaodong. Du earlier served in Xuantu, so officials of Liaodong Commandery belittled him. Earlier, Gongsun Zhao oversaw Xiangping and summoned Du's son, Kang, to be a wuzhang. After Du went into office, he arrested Zhao and tortured him to death in the center of Xiangping. The nobles and tycoons, among those with the noble surname Tianshao, did not favor [Du] in their usual dealings, so all were executed. Over 100 families were exterminated and the entire commandery was fearful. In the east, he fought against Gaojuli; in the west, he fought against the Wuwan. His authority was overseas.

公孫度字升濟，本遼東襄平人也。度父延，避吏居玄菟，任度為郡吏。時玄菟太守公孫琙，子豹，年十八歲，早死。度少時名豹，又與琙子同年，琙見而親愛之，遣就師學，為取妻。後舉有道，除尚書郎，稍遷冀州刺史，以謠言免。同郡徐榮為董卓中郎將，薦度為遼東太守。度起玄菟小吏，為遼東郡所輕。先時，屬國公孫昭守襄平令，召度子康為伍長。度到官，收昭，笞殺於襄平市。郡中名豪大姓田韶等宿遇無恩，皆以法誅，所夷滅百餘家，郡中震栗。東伐高句驪，西擊烏丸，威行海外。

In the first year of the Chuping era, Du learned of the chaos within the Central Plains. He said to his subordinates, qinlis Liu Yi and Yang Yi, "The Han's blessing is ending. Thereupon, I will arrange with you, gentlemen, to make me a King, that's all."[1] At the time, the altar in Xiangping's Yan village produced a large stone, over a zhang tall, with three small stones below it. Someone explained to Du, "This is Emperor Xuan of Han's capstone omen; the village's name is the same as your late father's. Altars control land, so it is clear that you will have all the land and the Three Excellencies subordinate." Dù was overly delighted. Hence, the Grand Administrator of Henei; Li Min, well-known throughout the commandery, loathed Du's actions and feared he would be harmed, and so planned to lead his family and their dependents to sail out. Du was very furious so he dug up [Min's] father's grave, pried open the coffin, burned his corpse, and executed his clansmen.

初平元年，度知中國擾攘，語所親吏柳毅、陽儀等曰：「漢祚將絕，當與諸卿圖王耳。」時襄平延里社生大石，長丈餘，下有三小石為之足。或謂度曰：「此漢宣帝冠石之祥，而裡名與先君同。社主土地，明當有土地，而三公為輔也。」度益喜。故河內太守李敏，郡中知名，惡度所為，恐為所害，乃將家屬入於海。度大怒，掘其父塚，剖棺焚屍，誅其宗族。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕〔一〕The Book of Wei states: Du stated to Yi and Yi, "I have read books that have stated a sun will ascend (deng) to be the Son of Heaven! My surname is Gongsun with the style name of Shengji! Sheng and deng have the same meaning (to rise/ascend)!"

〔一〕《魏書》曰：度語毅、儀：「讖書云孫登當為天子，太守姓公孫，字升濟，升即登也。」

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<details><summary>Biography of Zhang Xiu</summary>

Zhang Xiu was from Zuli, Wuwei, and General of the Swift Cavalry: Ji's junior clansmen. When Bian Zhang and Han Sui caused chaos in Liang Province, Qu Teng of Jincheng raided and killed the Chief of Zuli; Liu Jun, and Xiu was made a county official. [Xiu] was idle and spied [on Teng], then killed Teng, and the commandery within respected him. He recruited and gathered those young and became a mighty personage within the city. When Dong Zhuo was defeated, Ji, Li Jue, and others attacked Lü Bu to avenge the enmity over Zhuo. This matter is in Zhuo's biography.

張繡，武威祖厲人，驃騎將軍濟族子也。邊章、韓遂為亂涼州，金城麴勝襲殺祖厲長劉儁。繡為縣吏，閒伺殺勝，郡內義之。遂招合少年，為邑中豪傑。董卓敗，濟與李傕等擊呂布，為卓報仇。語在卓傳。

Xiu followed Qi, and from his army's achievements, he was shifted to General who Establishes Loyalty and enfeoffed as Marquis of Xuanwei. Ji garrisoned at Hongnong, but his troops were famished, so he went south to attack Rang, and in the midst of arrows, died. Xiu led his troops and garrisoned at Wan, and he and Liu Biao allied. When the Grand Progenitor went in the southern expedition, his army [was at the] Yu River. Xiu incited his troops to surrender. The Grand Progenitor got close with Ji's wife, so Xiu began to resent him. The Grand Progenitor heard this and was displeased, and secretly had a plot to kill Xiu. When the plot was revealed, Xiu ambushed the Grand Progenitor. The Grand Progenitor's army was defeated and his two sons fell. Xiu returned to protect Rang. The Grand Progenitor later attacked him, but could not overcome.

繡隨濟，以軍功稍遷至建忠將軍，封宣威侯。濟屯弘農，士卒饑餓，南攻穰，為流矢所中死。繡領其衆，屯宛，與劉表合。太祖南征，軍淯水，繡等舉衆降。太祖納濟妻，繡恨之。太祖聞其不悅，密有殺繡之計。計漏，繡掩襲太祖。太祖軍敗，二子沒。繡還保穰，〔一〕太祖比年攻之，不克。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Bozi states: Xiu was close to Hu Che'er, whose bravery was the top in the army. The Grand Progenitor loved the brave and strong, and handed him gold. Xiu heard this and suspected the Grand Progenitor wanted to hence use [Xiu's] left and right to stab and kill him, thus he revolted.

〔一〕《傅子》曰：繡有所親胡車兒，勇冠其軍。太祖愛其驍健，手以金與之。繡聞而疑太祖欲因左右刺之，遂反。　

The Book of Wu states: When Xiu surrendered, he used Jia Xu's strategy, and asked to move his army to a high road, and the road led to the Grand Progenitor's camp. Xiu also said, "My chariots are few and heavy. I ask for your consent to let my troops wear armor." The Grand Progenitor trusted Xiu and listened to him. Xiu thus used his disciplined soldiers to enter the camp, ambushing the Grand Progenitor. The Grand Progenitor was not prepared, and was defeated.

《吳書》曰：繡降，用賈詡計，乞徙軍就高道，道由太祖屯中。繡又曰：「車少而重，乞得使兵各被甲。」太祖信繡，皆聽之。繡乃嚴兵入屯，掩太祖。太祖不備，故敗。

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The Grand Progenitor opposed Yuan Shao at Guan Ferry, and Xiu followed Jia Xu's plan, and again he had troops surrender. This matter is in Xu's biography. The Grand Progenitor took his hands, and feasted. He had his son, Jun, take Xiu's daughter, and [Xiu] became General who Raises Might. In the Battle of Guandu, Xiu fought in battles with glory, and became General who Defeats the Qiang. He followed to defeat Yuan Tan at Nanpo, and again increased fief to be 2,000 households total. At the time, the realm's population declined; for every ten registered, one existed. Various generals' fiefs had not yet complete households, but Xiu especially had many. He followed in the expedition against the Wuwan to Liucheng. He had not arrived when he died, and his posthumous title was the Ding Marquis.[1] His son, Quan, succeeded, and because he was associated with Wei Feng's plan to rebel, he was executed, and the state was abolished.

太祖拒袁紹於官渡，繡從賈詡計，復以衆降。語在詡傳。繡至，太祖執其手，與歡宴，為子均取繡女，拜揚武將軍。官渡之役，繡力戰有功，遷破羌將軍。從破袁譚於南皮，復增邑凡二千戶。是時天下戶口減耗，十裁一在，諸將封未有滿千戶者，而繡特多。從征烏丸於柳城，未至，薨，諡曰定侯。〔一〕子泉嗣，坐與魏諷謀反，誅，國除。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Summary of Wei states: The General of All Purposes; [Cao Pi] hence constantly met [with Xiu], and angrily said, "Sir, you killed my elder brother! How can you bear to have the face to look at others!" Xiu's heart was not at ease, and thus he killed himself.

《魏略》曰：五官將數因請會，發怒曰：「君殺吾兄，何忍持面視人邪！」繡心不自安，乃自殺。

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<details><summary>Biography of Zhang Lu*</summary>

Zhang Lu, styled Gongqi, was from Feng, Pei Commandery. His grandfather, Ling, travelled in Shu, and studied the Tao in Heming Mountain, and wrote Dao books as to dazzle the common people, and received from Taoists five pecks of rise, and hence was nicknamed by the world as the Rice Bandit. When Ling died, his son, Heng, professionalized in the Tao. When Heng died, Lu again professionalized such. When the Governor of Yi Province; Liu Yan made Yi the Major who Controls Righteousness, he and a Major of and Separate Command; Zhang Xiu led troops to attack the Grand Adminstrator of Hanzhong; Su Gu, but Lu then raided Xiu and killed him, seizing his troops. When Yan died, his son, Zhang, succeeeded the position, and because Lu was disobedient, he killed all of Lu's mother and clansmen. Lu thus occupied Hanzhong, and used the Ghostly Tao to teach the people; he called himself "Master Lord". Those who came to study such Tao were previously all called "Ghostly Followers". Those who had already believed in this Tao were called "Libationers". Each led a department of followers, and many of them had a chief called the Grand Libationer. They were all taught to be sincere and truthful, and not to lie. If they were sick, they would admit their faults. Overall, they and the Yellow Turbans were similiar.

張魯字公祺，沛國豐人也。祖父陵，客蜀，學道鵠鳴山中，造作道書以惑百姓，從受道者出五斗米，故世號米賊。陵死，子衡行其道。衡死，魯復行之。益州牧劉焉以魯為督義司馬，與別部司馬張脩將兵擊漢中太守蘇固，魯遂襲脩殺之，奪其衆。焉死，子璋代立，以魯不順，盡殺魯母家室。魯遂據漢中，以鬼道教民，自號「師君」。其來學道者，初皆名「鬼卒」。受本道已信，號「祭酒」。各領部衆，多者為治頭大祭酒。皆教以誠信不欺詐，有病自首其過，大都與黃巾相似。諸祭酒皆作義舍，如今之亭傳。又置義米肉，懸於義舍，行路者量腹取足；若過多，鬼道輒病之。犯法者，三原，然後乃行刑。不置長吏，皆以祭酒為治，民夷便樂之。雄據巴、漢垂三十年。

During the end of the Han, forces could not invade [Lu], thus some flattered Lu to become General of the Household who Guards the People, become Grand Adminstrator of Hanning, and receive tribute to himself. People in the land gained a jade seal, and [Lu's] subordinates wanted to honor Lu as King of Hanning. Lu's gongcao, Yan Gu of Baxi, warned Lu and said, "" Lu followed this.

漢末，力不能征，遂就寵魯為鎮民中郎將，領漢寧太守，通貢獻而已。民有地中得玉印者，羣下欲尊魯為漢寧王。魯功曹巴西閻圃諫魯曰：「漢川之民，戶出十萬，財富土沃，四面險固；上匡天子，則為桓、文，次及竇融，不失富貴。今承制署置，勢足斬斷，不煩於王。願且不稱，勿為禍先。」魯從之。韓遂、馬超之亂，關西民從子午谷奔之者數萬家。

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<details><summary>Commentary*</summary>

Commentary: Gongsun Zan protected his capital, he sat and waited for his destruction. Du was crude and violent without any morals; Yuan moreover in his business was cruel.

Though Yan, Xiu, and Lu were originally bandits, they were among meritious officials and escaped their destruction, thus protecting their ancestral sacrifices and then were commended by others.

評曰：公孫瓚保京，坐待夷滅。度殘暴而不節，淵仍業以載凶，祇足覆其族也。陶謙昬亂而憂死，張楊授首於臣下，皆擁據州郡，曾匹夫之不若，固無可論者也。燕、繡、魯舍羣盜，列功臣，去危亡，保宗祀，則於彼為愈焉。