Chinese Translations

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<details><summary>Biography of Zhang Liao - 張遼傳</summary>

Zhang Liao, styled Wenyuan, was from Mayi, Yanmen. He was originally Nie Yi's descendant, but to avoid resentment changed surname. When young, he served as commandery official. During the end of the Han, the Inspector of Bing Province; Ding Yuan, because Liao's strength and force exceeded others, summoned him as a clerk, and sent him to lead troops to the capital. He Jin sent him back to Hebei to recruit troops, gaining over 1,000 men. When he returned, Jin was defeated, and so his troops became subordinate to Dong Zhuo. When Zhuo was defeated, his troops becames subordinate to Lü Bu, and became Commandant of Cavalry. Bu was defeated by Li Jue and followed Bu eastward to flee to Xu Province, becoming Chancellor of Lu. At the time, he was 28 years old.

張遼字文遠，鴈門馬邑人也。本聶壹之後，以避怨變姓。少為郡吏。漢末，并州刺史丁原以遼武力過人，召為從事，使將兵詣京都。何進遣詣河北募兵，得千餘人。還，進敗，以兵屬董卓。卓敗，以兵屬呂布，遷騎都尉。布為李傕所敗，從布東奔徐州，領魯相，時年二十八。

When the Grand Progenitor defeated Lü Bu at Xiapi, Liao led his troops to surrender and was made General of the Household and gifted fief as Marquis within the Passes. He often had battle achievement and became Assistant General. When Yuan Shao was defeated, Zhang Liao was detached to stabilize Lu State's various counties. He and Xiahou Yuan sieged Chang Xi at Donghai, but for many months, their supplies were exhausted. There was a discussion to lead the army back, but Liao told Yuan, "Several days have already passed, and each time I pass through various encirclements, Xi always stares to observe me, and the firing of arrows are more seldom. This must mean Xi is hesistant in his strategy, and therefore does not want to fight hard. I want to have us talk, and maybe I can persuade him." He thus sent someone to tell Xi, "The Excellency has orders and has ordered Liao to pass it on!" Xi really descended to talk with Liao, and Liao said, "The Grand Progenitor is divine and martial and is using his virtue to win over all four sides; those who follow first will receive great awards!" Xi thus agreed to surrender. Liao then alone ascended Mount Sangong and entered Xi's house, paying respects to his wife and children. Xi was delighted and followed to the Grand Progenitor. When the Grand Progenitor sent Xi back, he scolded Liao and said, "This is not what a grand general should do." Liao apologized and said, "Because Your Lordship's might and trust is spread across the four seas, when I have received your edict, Xi certainly dared not harm because of so."

太祖破呂布於下邳，遼將其衆降，拜中郎將，賜爵關內侯。數有戰功，遷裨將軍。袁紹破，別遣遼定魯國諸縣。與夏侯淵圍昌豨於東海，數月糧盡，議引軍還，遼謂淵曰：「數日已來，每行諸圍，豨輒屬目視遼。又其射矢更稀，此必豨計猶豫，故不力戰。遼欲挑與語，儻可誘也？」乃使謂豨曰：「公有命，使遼傳之。」豨果下與遼語，遼為說：「太祖神武，方以德懷四方，先附者受大賞」。豨乃許降。遼遂單身上三公山，入豨家，拜妻子。豨歡喜，隨詣太祖。太祖遣豨還，責遼曰：「此非大將法也。」遼謝曰：「以明公威信著於四海，遼奉聖旨，豨必不敢害故也。」

He followed to attack Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang at Liyang, gaining merits, and acted as General of Central Resoluteness. He followed to attack Shang at Ye, but Shang had strong defenses and did not fall. The Grand Progenitor returned to Xu and sent Liao and Yue Jin to capture Yin'an, moving its people to Henan. He again followed to attack Ye, and Ye fell. Liao detached to attack Zhao State, Changshan, and persuaded the surrender and took the mountains of various bandits and a Black Mountain, Sun Jing. He followed to attack Yuan Tan, and Tan was defeated, and [Liao] detached his generals to attack the sea's coast, defeating traitor Liu Yi of Liaodong among others. He returned to Ye and the Grand Progenitor himself came out to welcome Liao, led him to together ride, and made Liao the General who Washes away Bandits. He again detached to attack Jing Province, stabilizing Jiangxia's various counties, and return to garrison Linying and was enfeoffed as Marquis of a Capital District. He followed to destroy Yuan Shang at Liucheng; when the soldiers and enemies met, Liao urged the Grand Progenitor to fight, and his spirit was most vigorious. The Grand Progenitor admired this, and he himself had his held banner given to Liao. They thus attacked, crushed them, and beheaded Chanyu Tadun.[1]

從討袁譚、袁尚於黎陽，有功，行中堅將軍。從攻尚於鄴，尚堅守不下。太祖還許，使遼與樂進拔陰安，徙其民河南。復從攻鄴，鄴破，遼別徇趙國、常山，招降緣山諸賊及黑山孫輕等。從攻袁譚，譚破，別將徇海濵，破遼東賊柳毅等。還鄴，太祖自出迎遼，引共載，以遼為盪寇將軍。復別擊荊州，定江夏諸縣，還屯臨潁，封都亭侯。從征袁尚於柳城，卒與虜遇，遼勸太祖戰，氣甚奮，太祖壯之，自以所持麾授遼。遂擊，大破之，斬單于蹋頓。〔一〕

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Fuzi states: When the Grand Progenitor was about to invade Liucheng, Liao admonished and said, "Xu is the Son of Heaven's court. Now if the Son of Heaven is in Xu and Your Lordship is faraway in an northern expedition, if Liu Biao sends Liu Bei to raid Xu, he can occupy it and command the four directions. You and your forces should retreat." The Grand Progenitor calculated that Biao would certainly be unable to use Bei, thus he acted [upon his expedition].

《傅子》曰：太祖將征柳城，遼諫曰：「夫許，天子之會也。今天子在許，公遠北征，若劉表遣劉備襲許，據之以號令四方，公之勢去矣。」太祖策表必不能任備，遂行也。

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At the time, Jing Province was not yet stabilized, so Liao was again sent to garrison Changshe. When about to leave, the soldiers plotted to rebel, and in night spared chaos by raising flames, and the army was extremely disturbed. Liao told his left and right, "Do not act. This is not the entire camp fully rebelling; it must be those who have forced that, wanting to spark chaos in others, that's all." Thus he commanded his army, and those who didn't rebel peacefully sat. Liao led his personal army of ten people into the army and stood. Soon, it was stabilized, and [Liao] obtained the leaders of the plot and killed them. Chen Lan and Mei Cheng, with the Di of six counties, rebelled, so the Grand Progenitor sent Yu Jin and Zang Ba to attack Cheng. Liao supervised Zhang He and Niu Gao and others to attack Lan. Cheng pretended to surrender to Jin so Jin retreated; Cheng thus lead his armies to Lan and entered to Mount Qian. Qian had Mount Tianzhu, which in highness and steepness was over 20 li and the roads were dangerous and narrow. Only those who walked could enter. Lan and others were on the cliffs. Liao waned to advance, but his generals said, "Our troops are small and the roads are treacherous. It will be hard to go deep in." Liao said, "This is what one on one talks about. Those brave can take the lead!" He thus advanced to the mountain's base to make camp, then attacked them, and beheaded Lan and Cheng's heads and captured their army. The Grand Progenitor spoke of generals' merits and said, "[Liao] has climbed Mount Tian[zhu], overcame adversity and danger, and seized Lan and Cheng['s heads] is the one who Washes away Bandit's achievement." Thus increased his fief with tally.

時荊州未定，復遣遼屯長社。臨發，軍中有謀反者，夜驚亂起火，一軍盡擾。遼謂左右曰：「勿動。是不一營盡反，必有造變者，欲以動亂人耳。」乃令軍中，其不反者安坐。遼將親兵數十人，中陣而立。有頃定，即得首謀者殺之。陳蘭、梅成以氐六縣叛，太祖遣于禁、臧霸等討成，遼督張郃、牛蓋等討蘭。成偽降禁，禁還。成遂將其衆就蘭，轉入灊山。灊中有天柱山，高峻二十餘里，道險狹，步徑裁通，蘭等壁其上。遼欲進，諸將曰：「兵少道險，難用深入。」遼曰：「此所謂一與一，勇者得前耳。」遂進到山下安營，攻之，斬蘭、成首，盡虜其衆。太祖論諸將功，曰：「登天山，履峻險，以取蘭、成，盪寇功也。」增邑，假節。

When the Grand Progenitor invaded Sun Quan and returned, he sent Liao, Yue Jin, and Li Dian to lead over 7,000 troops to garrison at Hefei. When the Grand Progenitor invaded Zhang Lu, his instructions were given to the Protector of the Army; Xue Ti and signed the letter case's side that said, "When the enemies come, then open." Soon, Quan led 100,000 troops to siege Hefei, so [Liao and the others] together opened the instruction; the instruction said, "If Sun Quan arrives, Generals Zhang and Li will sally out; General Yue will guard; the Protector of the Army should not fight." The generals were all in doubt. Liao said, "His Excellency is on far-off campaigns outside of here, hence when reinforcements arrive, the enemy will have already defeated us. Therefore, he instructed us that before they were united that we attack them, destroying their superior power, and thus calming our armies' hearts, and afterwards we would guard. Whether we succeed or fail is in this one battle. Gentlemen, why be doubtful?" Li Dian also with Liao shared [this]. From this, Liao overnight recruited soldiers who dared follow, getting 800 men, and killed cattle to offer the generals and men, and the next day, there was a major battle. At daybreak, Liao donned armor and held his halberd, being the first to advance to the battlefront, killing tens of peoples, beheading two generals, yelled his own name, and rushed into their fortress until he was under Quan's banner. Quan was extremely shocked, and his army did know what to do, so they fled to ascend a high mountain and used his long halberd to defend himself. Liao shouted at Quan to come down and fight, but Quan did not dare move. He saw that Liao's generals and troops were few, thus he gathered [troops] to siege Liao in great number. Liao left and right broke the siege, moved forward to frantically attack, and the siege was opened. Liao was able to lead his command of tens of people out, but the remaining troops called out, "Has the General abandoned us?" Liao again returned to break the siege and rescued the remaining soldiers. Quan's soldiers and men were all invincible and none dared match him; but from the daybreak of battle until the middle of the day, the Wu people lost their spirit and retreated to build defenses and preparations. [Liao's] soldiers' mind were thus at ease, and the other generals all served. Quan blocked Hefei for over 10 days, but the city never fell, thus he led the retreat. Liao led the armies to pursue him, nearly again capturing Quan. The Grand Progenitor greatly admired Liao and made him General who Invades the East.

太祖旣征孫權還，使遼與樂進、李典等將七千餘人屯合肥。太祖征張魯，教與護軍薛悌，署函邊曰「賊至乃發」。俄而權率十萬衆圍合肥，乃共發教，教曰：「若孫權至者，張、李將軍出戰；樂將軍守，護軍勿得與戰。」諸將皆疑。遼曰：「公遠征在外，比救至，彼破我必矣。是以教指及其未合逆擊之，折其盛勢，以安衆心，然後可守也。成敗之機，在此一戰，諸君何疑？」李典亦與遼同。於是遼夜募敢從之士，得八百人，椎牛饗將士，明日大戰。平旦，遼被甲持戟，先登陷陣，殺數十人，斬二將，大呼自名，衝壘入，至權麾下。權大驚，衆不知所為，走登高冢，以長戟自守。遼叱權下戰，權不敢動，望見遼所將衆少，乃聚圍遼數重。遼左右麾圍，直前急擊，圍開，遼將麾下數十人得出，餘衆號呼曰：「將軍棄我乎！」遼復還突圍，拔出餘衆。權人馬皆披靡，無敢當者。自旦戰至日中，吳人奪氣，還脩守備，衆心乃安，諸將咸服。權守合肥十餘日，城不可拔，乃引退。遼率諸軍追擊，幾復獲權。太祖大壯遼，拜征東將軍。〔一〕

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕Sun Sheng says: Warfare is firmly the way of deception, for surprise and frontal [attacks] benefit each other. If one thus orders a general to conquer, they must push the cart and grant authority, and they either rely on those rash or depend on the power to pull leg and horn. If a group of commanders are not in harmony, then it is the way of rejecting command. As for the defense of Hefei, the county was weak without aid. Those who were most brave were thus eager for battle and beget trouble [for themselves]; those who were most cowardly were thus afraid in heart and made it hard to protect [themselves]. Moreover, if the enemy was many and I was few, they would think of greed and laziness. If I relayed orders to my troops and attack the soldiers of greed and laziness, we would certainly win; in winning I later defend, and me defending would certainly be strong. Therefore, the Martial [Emperor] of Wu selected this local scope, making participate the same and different, and had them act upon his secret instructions, and his commands were used. When the matter arrived, thus they responded in such. Being obedient to these direcions was wonderful!

〔一〕孫盛曰：夫兵固詭道，奇正相資，若乃命將出征，推轂委權，或賴率然之形，或憑掎角之勢，羣帥不和，則棄師之道也。至於合肥之守，縣弱無援，專任勇者則好戰生患，專任怯者則懼心難保。且彼衆我寡，必懷貪墯；以致命之兵，擊貪墯之卒，其勢必勝；勝而後守，守則必固。是以魏武推選方圓，參以同異，為之密教，節宣其用；事至而應，若合符契妙矣！

</details>

In the 21st year of the Jian'an era, the Grand Progenitor again went on expedition against Sun Quan and reached Hefei, patrolled Liao's battle place, and sighed for very long. He thus increased Liao's troops and had many armies remain, moving them to garrison Juchao. Guan Yu sieged Cao Ren at Fan; it happened Quan called himself a vassal, [thus the Grand Progenitor] summoned Liao and the armies to all return and rescue Ren. Liao had not yet arrived when Xu Huang already defeated Guan Yu, and Ren's siege was resolved. Liao and the Grand Progenitor met at Mopi. When Liao's armies arrived, the Grand Progenitor had his chariot come out to comfort him, and [Liao] returned to garrison Chen Commandery.

建安二十一年，太祖復征孫權，到合肥，循行遼戰處，歎息者良乆。乃增遼兵，多留諸軍，徙屯居巢。關羽圍曹仁於樊，會權稱藩，召遼及諸軍悉還救仁。遼未至，徐晃已破關羽，仁圍解。遼與太祖會摩陂。遼軍至，太祖乘輦出勞之，還屯陳郡。

When the Civil Emperor became King, he shifted [Liao] to be General of the Front.[1] He divided [fief] to enfeoff his elder brother, Fan, and a son as marquises. When Sun Quan again rebelled, Liao was sent to return and garrison Hefei, advancing Liao's peerage to Marquis of a Capital District. Liao's mother was awarded a chariot and troops and horses were escort Liao's household to the garrison, and ordered that when Liao's mother arrived, both the guides and followers would come out to welcome, and the supervised armies' generals and officials would all make a line to bow on the road's side, and observers respected this. When the Civil Emperor ascended the steps, he enfeoffed [Liao] as Marquis of Jinyang and increased fief by 1,000 households, overall being 2,600 households.

文帝即王位，轉前將軍。〔一〕分封兄汎及一子列侯。孫權復叛，遣遼還屯合肥，進遼爵都鄉侯。給遼母輿車，及兵馬送遼家詣屯，勑遼母至，導從出迎。所督諸軍將吏皆羅拜道側，觀者榮之。文帝踐阼，封晉陽侯，增邑千戶，并前二千六百戶。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Book of Wei states: The King awarded Liao 1,000 pi of silk amd 10,000 hu of grain.

〔一〕《魏書》曰：王賜遼帛千匹，穀萬斛。

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In the 2nd year of the Huangchu era, Liao visited Luoyang's palace and the Civil Emperor led Liao to met in Jianshi Hall and personally asked if he defeated Wu in his situation. The Emperor sighed and looked at his left and right, saying, "He is also like Shao Hu of old." Thus he built a mansion and specially for Liao's mother built a hall, and had those who followed Liao to defeat the Wu army that had responded to recruitment to be soldiers would all be Rapid as Tigers. When Sun Quan again called himself a vassal, Liao returned to garrison Yongqiu but became ill. The Emperor sent Palace Attendant; Liu Ye to lead the Elite Physician to inspect the illness, had those Rapid as Tigers inquired about news, and the roads saw them continuously. When the illness had not yet healed, the Emperor visited Liao in his place, and in imperial chariot came in person, held [Liao's] hands, gifted him imperial robes, and had the Elite Provisioner daily send him imperial cuisine. When his illness lessened in severity, he returned to garrison. When Sun Quan again rebelled, the Emperor sent Liao to ride boats, and he and Cao Xi arrived at Hailing, facing the river. Quan was extremely terrified and ordered his generals, "Zhang Liao may be ill, but he cannot be matched! Beware!" That year, Liao and his generals defeaated Quan's general, Lü Fan. Liao's illness became worse and he thus died in Jiangdu. The Emperor cried tears and made his posthumous title the Gang Marquis. His son, Hu, succeeded him.

黃初二年，遼朝洛陽宮，文帝引遼會建始殿，親問破吳意狀。帝歎息顧左右曰：「此亦古之邵虎也。」為起第舍，又特為遼母作殿，以遼所從破吳軍應募步卒，皆為虎賁。孫權復稱藩。遼還屯雍丘，得疾。帝遣侍中劉曄將太醫視疾，虎賁問消息，道路相屬。疾未瘳，帝迎遼就行在所，車駕親臨，執其手，賜以御衣，太官日送御食。疾小差，還屯。孫權復叛，帝遣遼乘舟，與曹休至海陵，臨江。權甚憚焉，勑諸將：「張遼雖病，不可當也，慎之！」是歲，遼與諸將破權將呂範。遼病篤，遂薨於江都。帝為流涕，謚曰剛侯。子虎嗣。

In the 6th year, the Emperor remembered Liao and Dian's merits at Hefei and an edict stated, "At the Battle of Hefei, Liao and Dian's troops were 800, while their enemy had 100,000. Since ancient warfare, none had this. They caused the enemies' to be currently demoralized, hence they can be called the nation's claws and teeth. I hereby divide Liao and Dian's fief by hundred households and enfeoff one son of them with peerage of Marquis within the Passes." Hu was made pianjiangjun. When he died, his son, Tong, succeeded him.

六年，帝追念遼、典在合肥之功，詔曰：「合肥之役，遼、典以步卒八百，破賊十萬，自古用兵，未之有也。使賊至今奪氣，可謂國之爪牙矣。其分遼、典邑各百戶，賜一子爵關內侯。」虎為偏將軍。薨，子統嗣。

</details>

<details><summary>Biography of Yue Jin - 樂進傳</summary>

Yue Jin, styled Wenqian, was from Yangping, Wei Commandery. His appearance was short and small, but used his bravery and ferocity to follow the Grand Progenitor, and under the tent was an official. He was sent back to his home commandery to recruit soldiers, gaining over 1,000 people, and came back as Provisional Major of the Army, but became Commandant who Breaks Formations.

樂進字文謙，陽平衞國人也。容貌短小，以膽烈從太祖，為帳下吏。遣還本郡募兵，得千餘人，還為軍假司馬、陷陣都尉。

He followed to attack Lü Bu at Puyang, Zhang Chao at Yongqiu, and Qiao Rui at Ku; in all, he first scaled the walls and gained merits, being enfeoffed as Marquis of Guangchang District. He followed to invade Zhang Xiu at Anzhong, besiege Lü Bu at Xiapi, defeating his separate generals, attacked Sui Gu at Shequan, and attacked Liu Bei at Pei; and all were defeated so he became Colonel who Destroys Enemies. He crossed the river to attack Huojia, then returned to follow in attacking Yuan Shao at Guan Ferry; swords clashed, and he beheaded Shao's general, Chunyu Qiong, and then followed to strike [Yuan] Tan and [Yuan] Shang at Liyang, beheading their grand general, Yan Jing, so he was made General who Moves and Strikes. He separately attacked the Yellow Turbans, defeated them, and stabilized Le'an Commandery. He followed to siege Ye, and Ye was stabilized; he followed to attack Yuan Tan at Nanpi and was at the forefront, and chased Tan through the eastern gates, and Tan was defeated. He separately attacked Yongnu and defeated them.

從擊呂布於濮陽，張超於雍丘，橋蕤於苦，皆先登有功，封廣昌亭侯。從征張繡於安衆，圍呂布於下邳，破別將，擊眭固於射犬，攻劉備於沛，皆破之，拜討寇校尉。渡河攻獲嘉，還，從擊袁紹於官渡，力戰，斬紹將淳于瓊。從擊譚、尚於黎陽，斬其大將嚴敬，行游擊將軍。別擊黃巾，破之，定樂安郡。從圍鄴，鄴定，從擊袁譚於南皮，先登，入譚東門。譚敗，別攻雍奴，破之。

In the 11th year, the Grand Progenitor petitioned the Emperor of Han, and said [Yue] Jin, along with Yu Jin and Zhang Liao, said, "Their military strength is grandiose, their stratagems are careful and complete, and specifically, their loyalty and faith solely [are with the Han]. They are cautious and maintain their integrity and righteousness, and each time they are about to fight and clash, they often command troops, and they display their strength to break through the firm, and there is nothing strong that cannot be broken. And they were sent separately to invade, controlling their soldiers and leading their troops, and soothing the masses, resulting in peace, and in receiving orders had no transgressions, and against foe they are judgmental, and in spending there is no mistake. Discussing merits and recorded usages, they ought to each be given special favor.

Thereupon [Yu] Jin was made General of Tiger Strength, Jin was made General who Breaks and Charges, and Liao was made General who Washes away Bandits.

He advanced separately to invade Gao Gan and followed northward to enter Shangdang, returning to the rear. Gan and others return to guard Hu Pass, and their forces fought and beheaded [Gan's] head. Gan's strong defenses had not yet fell, but it happened the Grand Progenitor himself invaded it, and thus seized it. The Grand Progenitor attacked Guan Cheng and his army of Chunyu, sending Jin and Li Dian to strike them. Cheng was defeated and fled, running into the sea's island, but at the sea's shores was pacified. Jing Province had not yet submitted, so [Jin] was sent to garrison Yangdi. Later, he followed to pacify Jing Province, and remained and garrisoned at Xiangyang, attacking Guan Yu and Su Fei, and they all fled. Nan Commandery's various counties and the Shangu Barbarians all surrendered to Jin. And he also attacked Liu Bei's Chief of Linju; Du Pu and the Chief of Jingyang; Liang Da; all were crushed. He later followed to invade Sun Quan with acting advanced tally. When the Grand Progenitor returned, he had Jin, Zhang Liao, and Li Dian remain to garrison Hefei, increasing his fief by 500, overall being 1,200 households, and because Jin constantly gained merits, [the court] divided 500 households and enfeoffed a son as a marquis. Jin was shifted to be General of the Right.

建安十一年，太祖表漢帝，稱進及于禁、張遼曰：「武力旣弘，計略周備，質忠信一，守執節義，每臨戰攻，常為督率，奮彊突固，無堅不陷，自援枹鼓，手不知倦。又遣別征，統御師旅，撫衆則和，奉令無犯，當敵制決，靡有遺失。論功紀用，宜各顯寵。」於是禁為虎威；進，折衝；遼，盪寇將軍。進別征高幹，從北道入上黨，回出其後。幹等還守壺關，連戰斬首。幹堅守未下，會太祖自征之，乃拔。太祖征管承，軍淳于，遣進與李典擊之。承破走，逃入海島，海濵平，荊州未服，遣屯陽翟。後從平荊州，留屯襄陽，擊關羽、蘇非等，皆走之，南郡諸縣山谷蠻夷詣進降。又討劉備臨沮長杜普、旌陽長梁大，皆大破之。後從征孫權，假進節。太祖還，留進與張遼、李典屯合肥，增邑五百，并前凡千二百戶。以進數有功，分五百戶，封一子列侯；進遷右將軍。

In the 23rd year of the Jian'an era, he died, and his posthumous title was the Mighty Marquis. His son, Chen, succeeded him. Chen was decisive and firm, having his father's style, and his rank reached Inspector of Yang Province. When Zhuge Dan revolted, he raided, attacked, and killed Chen, and an edict lamented him, and he was posthumously awarded Minister of the Guards, and his posthumous title was the Unfortunate Marquis. His son, Zhao, succeeded him.

建安二十三年薨，謚曰威侯。子綝嗣。綝果毅有父風，官至揚州刺史。諸葛誕反，掩襲殺綝，詔悼惜之，追贈衞尉，謚曰愍侯。子肇嗣。