Chinese Translations

He Qi - 賀齊

He Qi, styled Gongmiao, was from Shanyin, Kuaiji.[1] When young, he served as a commandery official and became Chief of Yan. A county official, Si Cong, was frivolous and brave, doing evil. [He] Qi wanted to punish him, but his registrar admonished this, saying, "[Si] Cong is from a major clan in the county, and the Shanyue are affiliated with him. Today, if you punish him, tomorrow, enemies will come!" When [He] Qi heard this, he was incensed, and he immediately beheaded [Si] Cong. [Si] Cong's relatives thus joined together, and their force numbered over one thousand people, raising an army to attack the county. [He] Qi gathered officials and people, opening the city gates then making a surprise attack on them, and defeated them greatly; this mightiness shaked the Shanyue. Later, the people of Taimo and Fengpu rebelled, so [He Qi] shifted to acting Chief of Taimo, where he punished evil and nurtured good. Within a month, all was pacified.

賀齊字公苗，會稽山陰人也。〔一〕少為郡吏，守剡長。縣吏斯從輕俠為姧，齊欲治之，主簿諫曰：「從，縣大族，山越所附，今日治之，明日寇至。」齊聞大怒，便立斬從。從族黨遂相糾合，衆千餘人，舉兵攻縣。齊率吏民，開城門突擊，大破之，威震山越。後太末、豐浦民反，轉守太末長，誅惡養善，期月盡平。

〔一〕Yu Yu's Book of Jin states: The He Clan's original Surname was the Qing Clan's. [He] Qi's junior uncle, [Qing] Chun, had a Confucian education and had a good reputation. During the (An) Emperor's reign, he served as Palace Attendant, Grand Administrator of Jiangxia, then left office. He, Huang Qiong of Jiangxia, and Yang Hou of Hanzhong were all conscripted into an Excellency's army. To avoid the name taboo of the (An) Emperor's father, the Virtuous August Emperor[; Liu Qing], he changed [his surname] to the He clan. [He] Qi's father, [He] Fu, was Chief of Yongning.

〔一〕虞預《晉書》曰：賀氏本姓慶氏。齊伯父純，儒學有重名，漢安帝時為侍中、江夏太守，去官，與江夏黃瓊、漢中楊厚俱公車徵。避安帝父孝德皇帝諱，改為賀氏。齊父輔，永寧長。

<h2>Scroll 6</h2>

<details><summary>Biography of Dong Zhuo*</summary>

Dong Zhuo, styled Zhongying, was from Lintao, Longxi.[1] When [Zhuo] was young, he was good at being heroic. He travelled to Qiang and befriended the locals, strong and scholarly. Later, he went back to the fields but his influential friends came to follow him. Zhuo repaid their kindness by killing cattle and hosting a banquet for them. His infleuntial friends were touched by his actions, and returned to Qiang to collect 1,000 heads of various animals to gift Zhuo.[2]

董卓字仲穎，隴西臨洮人也。〔一〕少好俠，甞游羌中，盡與諸豪帥相結。後歸耕於野，而豪帥有來從之者，卓與俱還，殺耕牛與相宴樂。諸豪帥感其意，歸相斂，得雜畜千餘頭以贈卓。〔二〕

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Records of Famed Heroes state: Zhuo's father was Junya, who was a minor official: Commandant of Lunshi, Yingchuan. He had three sons: the eldest was Zhuo, styled Menggao, who died early. The second was Zhuo. Zhuo's younger brother, Man, was styled Shuying.

〔一〕《英雄記》曰：卓父君雅，由微官為潁川綸氏尉。有三子：長子擢，字孟高，早卒；次即卓；卓弟旻字叔穎。

The Book of Wu states: [Zhuo's] commandery summoned Zhuo to be an official and tasked him to control the roving bandits. They recklessly plundered and there were many enemies. The Inspector of Liang Province recruited Zhuo as a clerk and let him led infantry and cavalry to attack and capture [the bandits]. [Zhuo] defeated them greatly, beheading thousands. The Inspector of Bing Province, Duan Jiong, recommended Zhuo to serve in the central government. The Excellency over the Masses; Yuan Wei made him his assistant.

《吳書》曰：郡召卓為吏，使監領盜賊。胡甞出鈔，多虜民人，涼州刺史成就辟卓為從事，使領兵騎討捕，大破之，斬獲千計。并州刺史段熲薦卓公府，司徒袁隗辟為掾。

</details>

During the end of the Huan Emperor of the Han, children of good family from six commanderies became Yulin Gentleman. Zhuo had talent and strength, and his physical strength was hard to compare with. He had double belts with two quivers. Left or right, he could ride and shoot. He became Major of an Army, following the General of the Household; Zhang Huan to invade Bing Province and obtained merits, becoming Palace Gentleman, being gifted heavy fabric of 9,000 bolts, but Zhuo had all distributed to the officials. He moved to be Prefect of Guangwu, then Commandant of the North of Shu Commandery, Colonel of Wuji, but was removed, He was summoned to become Inspector of Bing Province and Grand Administrator of Hedong.[1] He became General of the Household and suppressed the Yellow Scarves. His army was defeated so he was punished for his crimes [by being demoted].

漢桓帝末，以六郡良家子為羽林郎。卓有才武，旅力少比，雙帶兩鞬，左右馳射。為軍司馬，從中郎將張奐征并州有功，拜郎中，賜縑九千匹，卓悉以分與吏士。遷廣武令，蜀郡北部都尉，西域戊己校尉，免。徵拜并州刺史、河東太守，〔一〕遷中郎將，討黃巾，軍敗抵罪。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Records of Famed Heroes state: Zhuo often suppressed the Qiang and Hu, and in the past and future, he fought over a hundred battles.

〔一〕《英雄記》曰：卓數討羌、胡，前後百餘戰。

</details>

When Han Sui and others rose up in Liang Province, [Zhuo] again became General of the Household, and went west to oppose Sui. At the north of Xia, Wangyuan, tens of thousands of Qiang and Hu besieged it. Supplies and food were exhausted, but Zhuo pretended to want to fish, but [built a] dam on their retreat route, making its river crossing become a pond, causing the stagnant water to fill tens of li. They silently passed under the dam to cross with his army, then broke the dam. When the Qiang and Hu heard and learned of this, they gave chase, but the water was already deep, and so they could not cross. At the time, of the six armies north of Longxi, five armies were defeated and routed. Only Zhuo had his whole army and returned, garrisoning at Fufeng. He was conferred to be General of the Front, enfeoffed as Marquis of Tai District, and summoned to become Governor of Bing Province.[1]

韓遂等起涼州，復為中郎將，西拒遂。於望垣硤北為羌、胡數萬人所圍，糧食乏絕。卓偽欲捕魚，堰其還道當所渡水為池，使水渟滿數十里，默從堰下過其軍而決堰。比羌、胡聞知追逐，水已深，不得渡。時六軍上隴西，五軍敗績，卓獨全衆而還，屯住扶風。拜前將軍，封斄鄉侯，徵為并州牧。〔一〕

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Annals of the Keen Emperor state: In the 5th year of the Zhongping wra, Zhuo was summoned to be Minister Steward, and an edict had him an official of the barracks to the General of the Left; Huangfu Song, and directed [Zhuo] to such. Zhuo petitioned, saying, "Liang Province is disturbed and in chaos. Its whales and salamanders have not yet been destroyed, and this minister will do his utmost best and devote his life for the times. My officials and soldiers are leaping eagerly, embracing my kindness and remembering to repay [me], and so each has blocked my chariot, exclaiming their sincere sorrow [for my leave], and so I have not yet been able to get on the road. I had then also acted in the affairs of the General of the Front, I wholly comforted and sympathized with them, devoting my strength for the army."

〔一〕《靈帝紀》曰：中平五年，徵卓為少府，勑以營吏士屬左將軍皇甫嵩，詣行在所。卓上言：「涼州擾亂，鯨鯢未滅，此臣奮發效命之秋。吏士踊躍，戀恩念報，各遮臣車，辭聲懇惻，未得即路也。輙且行前將軍事，盡心慰卹，效力行陣。」

In the 6th year, Zhuo was made Governor of Bing Province, and another imperial order had his officials and troops become subordinate to Huangfu Song. Zhuo again petitioned, "This minister has wielded weapons for ten years. The soldiers, big and small, have been close to me for a very long time. They remember my kindness of nurturing and raising them and they would gladly exert their lives for the empire. I just beg to lead them to my province to devote our strength for the border regions." Zhuo again violated an imperial edict and order. It happened that he was summoned by He Jin.

六年，以卓為并州牧，又敕以吏兵屬皇甫嵩。卓復上言：「臣掌戎十年，士卒大小相狎彌久，戀臣畜養之恩，樂為國家奮一旦之命，乞將之州，效力邊陲。」卓再違詔勑，會為何進所召。

</details>

When the Keen Emperor died, the Young Emperor ascended the throne. The Generalissimo; He Jin and the Colonel who Directs Retainers; Yuan Shao plotted to execute eunuchs, but the Empress Dowager did not agree. Jin thus summoned Zhuo to lead troops to the capital, and also secretly petitioned and stated, "The Regular Palace Attendant; Zhang Rang has seized your fortune and exploits his favor, confusing and disturbing those within the seas. Of old, Zhao Yang revolted in Jinyang and thus chased out his lord's evil favorites. Your minister shall thus ring the bells in Luoyang, and thereupon attack Rang and the others." [Jin] wanted to coerce the Empress Dowager, but Zhuo had not yet arrived when Jin fell.[1] The Regular Palace Attendant; Duan Gui forced the Emperor to walk to Xiaoping Ford, but Zhuo thus commanded his troops to welcome the Emperor at Beimang and return to the palace.[2]

靈帝崩，少帝即位。大將軍何進與司隷校尉袁紹謀誅諸閹官，太后不從。進乃召卓使將兵詣京師，并密令上書曰：「中常侍張讓等竊幸乘寵，濁亂海內。昔趙鞅興晉陽之甲，以逐君側之惡。臣輙鳴鍾鼓如洛陽，即討讓等。」欲以脅迫太后。卓未至，進敗。〔一〕中常侍段珪等劫帝走小平津，卓遂將其眾迎帝於北芒，還宮。〔二〕

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Continued Book of Han state: Jin, styled Suigao, was from Nanyang, and the Empress Dowager's elder brother from a different mother. Jin was a son of a butcher family, and his father was called Zhen. After Zhen died, Jin, because his younger sister relied on those at the Yellow Gates to be able to enter the harem, also gained favor, that on the 3rd year of the Guanghe era, she was made August Empress; Jin, from this, became rich and prosperous.

〔一〕《續漢書》曰：進字遂高，南陽人，太后異母兄也。進本屠家子，父曰真。真死後，進以妹倚黃門得入掖庭，有寵，光和三年立為皇后，進由是貴幸。

In the 1st year of the Zhongping era, the Yellow Scarves rose up, and so Jin became Generalissimo.

中平元年，黃巾起，拜進大將軍。

The Dianlüe contains Zhuo's petition: "Your minister prostrates and believes the source of why the realm has rebels without end is that each of the Regular Attendants at the Yellow Gates; Zhang Rang and the others insult and abuse Heaven's constants. They grasp and control imperial orders, making them, father and son as well as elder and younger brothers, all occupy provinces and commanderies. When just one message from them leaves their gates, they then receive 1,000 gold. Millions of the rich, fertile soil, and the beautiful land of capital region and its commanderies all belong to Rang and the others, culminating in causing resentful feelings to rise up like steam, and so evil traitors rise up like a swarm of bees. Your minister previously received an edict to suppress Yufuluo, but my soldiers were famished and were unwilling to cross the Yellow River. All of them said that they wanted me to go to the capital city to first execute the lowly eunuchs in order to remove the danger toward the people and to beg for financial resources from the central government. I followed [their words] as to comfort and soothe them, and so I have arrived at Xin'an. I have heard that scooping up the soup to stop it from boiling is worse than extinguishing the fire by removing the fuel; although piercing an carbuncle is painful, it is superior to nurturing that meat. Calling for boats when drowning is like regrets toward it being too late."

典略載卓表曰：「臣伏惟天下所以有逆不止者，各由黃門常侍張讓等侮慢天常，操擅王命，父子兄弟並據州郡，一書出門，便獲千金，京畿諸郡數百萬膏腴美田皆屬讓等，至使怨氣上蒸，妖賊蠭起。臣前奉詔討於扶羅，將士饑乏，不肯渡河，皆言欲詣京師先誅閹豎以除民害，從臺閣求乞資直。臣隨慰撫，以至新安。臣聞揚湯止沸，不如滅火去薪，潰癕雖痛，勝於養肉，及溺呼船，悔之無及。」

〔二〕Zhang Ji's Annal of the Han state: The Emperor, in the Gengwu day of the 8th month, was coerced by those at the Yellow Gates, and they walked out of the granary's gates, fleeing until a river's top. Those at the Yellow Gates cast themselves into the river and died. At the time, the Emperor was 14 years old and the Prince of Chenliu was 9 years old, and the brothers, alone at night, went on foot, wanting to return to the palace, but it was very dark, so they chased fireflies and moved, and after several li, they found a family's windowless car and rode it. In the Xinmo day, the Excellencies and Ministers followed Zhuo to together welcome the Emperor at Banxia, Beiwang.

〔二〕張璠《漢紀》曰：帝以八月庚午為諸黃門所劫，步出穀門，走至河上。諸黃門旣投河死。時帝年十四，陳留王年九歲，兄弟獨夜步行欲還宮，闇暝，逐螢火而行，數里，得民家以露車載送。辛未，公卿以下與卓共迎帝於北芒阪下。

The Annals of the Brilliant Emperor state: Previously a children rhyme said, "Marquis but not a marquis, king but not a king, the leader of 1,000 chariots and 10,000 cavalry flees to Beiwang." Zhuo at the time was arriving, garrisoning at Xianyang Park. When he heard the Emperor was to return, he led his army to welcome the Emperor.

《獻帝春秋》曰：先是童謠曰：「侯非侯，王非王，千乘萬騎走北芒。」卓時適至，屯顯陽苑。聞帝當還，率衆迎帝。

The Dianlüe states: When the Emperor saw Zhuo's army, he burst into tears. The Excellencies told Zhuo, "We have an edict for you to restrain your troops!" Zhuo said, "You Excellencies are grand ministers of the empire and yet you could not rectify and imperial the royal family, and so culminated in causing the ruling dynasty to be displaced and washed away. What 'restrain my troops' is there?" So he and his army entered the city.

《典略》曰：帝望見卓兵涕泣。羣公謂卓曰：「有詔郤兵。」卓曰：「公諸人為國大臣，不能匡正王室，至使國家播蕩，何郤兵之有！」遂俱入城。

The Annals of the Brilliant Emperor state: Zhuo and the Emperor talked, but the discussion was unproductive. Then [Zhuo] again talked with the Prince of Chenliu talked, asking about the disaster and chaos rising up, and the Prince replies were, from beginning to end, without a mistake. Zhuo was greatly impressed, and thus had intentions to depose and enthrone.

《獻帝紀》曰：卓與帝語，語不可了。乃更與陳留王語，問禍亂由起；王荅，自初至終，無所遺失。卓大喜，乃有廢立意。

The Annals of Famed Heroes state: The zhongbu of Henan; Min Gong supported the Emperor and Prince of Chenliu to go up until the Luo, stayed, and stopped. The Emperor alone rode his horse, and the Prince of Chenliu with Gong together rode his horse, and they followed the Luo and rested southward. The Excellencies, Ministers, and other officials received and welcomed them at Banxia, Beiwang, and the former Elite Commandant; Cui Lie was at the front. Zhuo led infantry of cavalry, numbering thousands, to come and welcome them, so Lie scolded the messenger for being distant. Zhuo yelled at Lie, "Day and night, we travelled 300 li to come, so why say that I should move? So I cannot cut your head off?!" He moved forward to the Emperor and said, "Your Majesty has allowed the Regular Attendants and the petty ones at the Yellow Gates to cause disorder in such ways and therefore achieve disaster and failure. Are you disappointing those that aren't petty?" And he hastened to the Prince of Chenliu, saying, "I am Dong Zhuo. Come to me and be embraced." Thus he clasped firmly, taking the Prince from Gong.

《英雄記》曰：河南掾閔貢扶帝及陳留王上至雒舍止。帝獨乘一馬，陳留王與貢共乘一馬，從雒舍南行。公卿百官奉迎於北芒阪下，故太尉崔烈在前導。卓將步騎數千來迎，烈呵使避，卓罵烈曰：「晝夜三百里來，何云避，我不能斷卿頭邪？」前見帝曰：「陛下令常侍小黃門作亂乃爾，以取禍敗，為負不小邪？」又趨陳留王，曰：「我董卓也，從我抱來。」乃於貢抱中取王。

The Annals of Famed Heroes state: One version says that the Prince did not want to be clasped by Zhuo, so Zhuo and the Prince shared the horse and went.

《英雄記》曰：一本云王不就卓抱，卓與王併馬而行也。

</details>

At the time, Jin's younger brother, the General of Chariots and Cavalry; Miao, was killed by Jin's army.[1] Jin and Miao's troops had no one to be subordinate so all went to Zhuo. Zhuo also sent Lü Bu to kill the Wielder of Golden Maces; Ding Yuan and absorbed his troops, hence the capital's troops empowered Zhuo only.

時進弟車騎將軍苗為進衆所殺，〔一〕進、苗部曲無所屬，皆詣卓。卓又使呂布殺執金吾丁原，并其衆，故京都兵權唯在卓。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Records of Famed Heroes state: Miao was the Empress Dowager's elder brother by the same mother. He was the Mister Zhu's son from the first marriage. Jin's subordinate general Wu Kuang always resented Miao because [Miao] was not of Jin's same heart and also suspected he and the eunuchs were communicating their plots, thus [Kuang] ordered his army, "The one who killed the Generalissimo is the One of Chariots and Cavalry!" He thus led troops and Zhuo's younger brother, Min, to together attack and kill Miao under Zhujue Pass.

〔一〕《英雄記》曰：苗，太后之同母兄，先嫁朱氏之子。進部曲將吳匡，素怨苗不與進同心，又疑其與宦官通謀，乃令軍中曰：「殺大將軍者，車騎也。」遂引兵與卓弟旻共攻殺苗於朱爵闕下。

</details>

Previously, Zhuo's son-in-law, the General of the Household; Niu Fu led troops to separately garrison at Shan, dividing and sending Colonels Li Jue, Guo Si, and Zhang Ji to raid the counties of Chenliu and Yingchuan. When Zhuo died, Lü Bu sent Li Su to Shan, wanting to have an imperial order execute Fu. Fu and the others revolted; they and Su battled, and Su was defeated and fled to Hongnong where Bu executed Su.[1] Later, among Fu's camp soldiers, there were those who revolted in the night. The camp was shocked. Fu believed that every soldier revolted, thus he took gold and treasures and just he, along with long-time good friends, Hu Chi'er and some five or six others, followed each other. They climbed the city to go north and cross the [Yellow] River, but Chi'er and the others liked the gold and treasures, so beheaded [Fu] and had the head sent to Chang'an.

初，卓女壻中郎將牛輔典兵別屯陝，分遣校尉李傕、郭汜、張濟略陳留、潁川諸縣。卓死，呂布使李肅至陝，欲以詔命誅輔。輔等逆與肅戰，肅敗走弘農，布誅肅。〔一〕其後輔營兵有夜叛出者，營中驚，輔以為皆叛，乃取金寶，獨與素所厚友胡赤兒等五六人相隨，踰城北渡河，赤兒等利其金寶，斬首送長安。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Book of Wei states: Fu was fearful and cowardly, failing to defend himself, and so was unable to be at ease. He often grasped and ordered [troops] with his military tally and had his axe-guillotine used by his side as he wanted to use that to make himself stronger. When he met guests, he first had a physiognomer judge them. If he knew that they had a contrary aura, they would not [meet]. He also divined his [guests] to know if they were fortunate or unfortunate [to him]. Afterwards, he would then meet them. When the General of the Household; Dong Yue came to Fu, Fu sent a diviner to him, getting a Dui below and a Li above*. The diviner said, "Fire overcomes Metal. This divines that those outside will plot against those inside." Afterwards, [Fu] killed Yue.

*Dui...Li means Swamp Fire.

〔一〕《魏書》曰：輔恇怯失守，不能自安。常把辟兵符，以鈇鑕致其旁，欲以自彊。見客，先使相者相之，知有反氣與不，又筮知吉凶，然後乃見之。中郎將董越來就輔，輔使筮之，得兌下離上，筮者曰：「火勝金，外謀內之卦也。」即時殺越。

The Annals of Emperor Xian state: The diviner was often whipped by Yue, therefore, he acted such to take revenge on him.

《獻帝紀》云：筮人常為越所鞭，故因此以報之。

</details>

Jue's general, Yang Feng, along with Jun's military official, Song Guo and others, plotted to kill Jue, but the matter was leaked, so they thus led troops to betray Jue. Jue's army revolted, so [Jue] gradually declined and became weaker. Guo Si again wanted to coerce the Son of Heaven to return the capital to Mei.[1] The Son of Heaven fled to Feng's camp. Feng attacked Si, defeating him; Si fled to Nanshan. Feng and General Dong Cheng had the Son of Heaven return to Luoyang. Jue and Si regretted sending the Son of Heaven and again made peace with each other, chasing after the Son of Heaven at Hongnong's Caiyang. Feng hastily recruited Hedong's Former White Wave Bandits Han Xian, Hu Cai, Li Le, and others to join together. They and Jue and Si fought a major battle. Feng's army was defeated, then Jue and the others allowed their soldiers to kill Excellencies, Ministers, and other officials, also raiding the palace women; they entered Hongnong.

傕將楊奉與傕軍吏宋果等謀殺傕，事泄，遂將兵叛傕。傕衆叛，稍衰弱。張濟自陝和解之，天子乃得出，至新豐、霸陵間。〔一〕郭汜復欲脅天子還都郿。天子奔奉營，奉擊汜，破之。汜走南山，奉及將軍董承以天子還洛陽。傕、汜悔遣天子，復相與和，追及天子於弘農之曹陽。奉急招河東故白波帥韓暹、胡才、李樂等合，與傕、汜大戰。奉兵敗，傕等縱兵殺公卿百官，略宮人入弘農。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]*</summary>

〔一〕Previously, when the Son of Heaven left and came to Xuanping Gate, they were to cross a bridge. Si's army of hundreds of men blocked the bridge and asked, "Is this the Son of Heaven?" The army could not advance. Jue's army of hundreds of men all wielded large halberds and were at the left and right of the imperial chariot. The Palace Attendant; Liu Ai loudly exclaimed, "This is the Son of Heaven!" He ordered Palace Attendant; Yang Qi to raise high the chariot curtains. The Emperor told the various soldiers, "If you are not feuding, why do you dare approach my esteemed personage?" Si and the other armies thus feuded. They immediately crossed the bridge and the soldiers all exclaimed, "Ten thousand Years!"

〔一〕《獻帝起居注》曰：初，天子出到宣平門，當渡橋，汜兵數百人遮橋問「是天子邪」？車不得前。傕兵數百人皆持大戟在乘輿車左右，侍中劉艾大呼云：「是天子也。」使侍中楊琦高舉車帷。帝言諸兵：「汝不郤，何敢迫近至尊邪？」汜等兵乃郤。旣度橋，士衆咸呼「萬歲」。

At the time, the Prefect of the Secretariat; Shisun Rui was killed by the riotous troops.

《獻帝紀》曰：時尚書令士孫瑞為亂兵所害。

Rui, styled Junrong, was from Fufeng, and his family was a scholarly one. Rui when young passed on his family work. In knowledge and understanding, there was nothing he did not understand. He served successively in eminent positions. When Zhuo was executed, [Rui] shifted to become Minister of Finance, serving as the Thrice Venerable of the State. Every time the Three Excellencies had a vacancy, Rui was often those nominated. Elite Commandants; Zhou Zhong and Huangfu Song, Excellency over the Masses; Chunyu Jia and Zhao Wen, and Excellency of Works; Yang Biao and Zhang Xi among others became Excellencies, and all resigned and respectfully recommended Rui.

《三輔決錄注》曰：瑞字君榮，扶風人，世為學門。瑞少傳家業，博達無所不通，仕歷顯位。卓旣誅，遷大司農，為國三老。每三公缺，瑞常在選中。太尉周忠、皇甫嵩，司徒淳于嘉、趙溫，司空楊彪、張喜等為公，皆辭拜讓瑞。

When the Son of Heaven made capital at Xu, he remembered and talked about Rui's achievements, and so enfeoffed his son, Meng, as Marquis of Danjin District. Meng, styled Wenshi, also had talent and knowledge, and he and Wang Can were friendly. Before he was to go to his state, Can wrote poems to gift Meng, and Meng had replied; this is in Can's Collection.

天子都許，追論瑞功，封子萌澹津亭侯。萌字文始，亦有才學，與王粲善。臨當就國，粲作詩以贈萌，萌有荅，在粲集中。

</details>

The Grand Progenitor thus welcomed the Son of Heaven to [establish] capital at Xu. Xian and Feng did not accept the royal law, so they each left and fled, robbed within Xu and Yang [Provinces], and they were killed by Liu Bei.[1] Dong Cheng followed the Grand Progenitor for several years until he was executed.

太祖乃迎天子都許。暹、奉不能奉王法，各出奔，寇徐、揚閒，為劉備所殺。〔一〕董承從太祖歲餘，誅。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Records of Famed Heroes state: Bei tricked Feng into meeting with him, thus when he was sitting on his seat when he seized [Feng]. Xian lost Feng's strength and so was alone. At the time, he wanted to flee back into Bing Province, but was intercepted and killed by the garrison commander of Zhuqiu; Zhang Xuan.

〔一〕《英雄記》曰：備誘奉與相見，因於坐上執之。暹失奉勢，孤，時欲走還并州，為杼秋屯帥張宣所邀殺。

</details>

In the 2nd year of the Jian'an era, [the court] sent Receptionist-Yushe; Pei Mao to lead the generals west of the Passes to execute Jue, exterminating to the third degree. Si was attacked by his general, Wu Xu, and died at Mei. Ji was starving and famished, so he went to Nanyang to plunder and raid it, but was killed by the people of Rang. His cousin's son, Xiu, absorbed his troops. Cai and Le remained in Hedong. Cai was killed in a family feud while Le fell ill and died. Sui and Teng themselves returned to Liang Proince and again raided each other. Later, Teng entered [court] to be Minister of the Guards while his son, Chao, led his subordinates.

建安二年，遣謁者僕射裴茂率關西諸將誅傕，夷三族。汜為其將五習所襲，死於郿。濟饑餓，至南陽寇略，為穰人所殺，從子繡攝其衆。才、樂留河東，才為怨家所殺，樂病死。遂、騰自還涼州，更相寇，後騰入為衞尉，子超領其部曲。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Dianlüe states: When Jue's head came, there was an edict to hang it high.

〔一〕《典略》曰：傕頭至，有詔高縣。

</details>

In the 16th year, Chao and the generals within the Passes along with Sui and others rebelled. The Grand Progenitor conquered and defeated them; this is spoken in the Martial [Emperor's] Annals. Sui fled to Jincheng and was killed by his generals. Chao seized Hanyang and Teng was convicted and exterminated to the third degree. Zhao Qu and others raised righteous troops to suppress Chao. Chao fled to Hanzhong to follow Zhang Lu, then later fled to Liu Bei, dying in Shu.

十六年，超與關中諸將及遂等反，太祖征破之。語在《武紀》。遂奔金城，為其將所殺。超據漢陽，騰坐夷三族。趙衢等舉義兵討超，超走漢中從張魯，後奔劉備，死於蜀。

</details>

<details><summary>Biography of Yuan Shao*</summary>

Yuan Shao, styled Benchu, was from Ruyang, Runan. His great-grandfather was An, who was Han's Excellency over the Masses. From An and afterwards for four generations, they occupied the Three Excellency posts, and from this, their power spread through the realm.[1]

袁紹字本初，汝南汝陽人也。高祖父安，為漢司徒。自安以下四世居三公位，由是勢傾天下。〔一〕

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]*</summary>

〔一〕

〔一〕華嶠《漢書》曰：安字邵公，好學有威重。明帝時為楚郡太守，治楚王獄，所申理者四百餘家，皆蒙全濟，安遂為名臣。章帝時至司徒，生蜀郡太守京。京弟敞為司空。京子陽，太尉。陽四子：長子平，平弟成，左中郎將，並早卒；成弟逢，逢弟隗，皆為公。《魏書》曰：自安以下，皆博愛容衆，無所揀擇；賔客入其門，無賢愚皆得所欲，為天下所歸。紹即逢之庶子，術異母兄也，出後成為子。

《英雄記》曰：成字文開，壯健有部分，貴戚權豪自大將軍梁冀以下皆與結好，言無不從。故京師為作諺曰：「事不諧，問文開。」

</details>

Shao had an appearance of prestige and dignity, being able to humble himself before lowly scholars, so of the scholars, many followed him. The Grand Progenitor, when young, was friendly with [Shao]. He used [his status] as assistant to the Generalissimo to become Attending Imperial Censor, then promoted to Colonel of the Central Army, and reached [Colonel] who Directs Retainers.

紹有姿皃威容，能折節下士，士多附之，太祖少與交焉。以大將軍掾為侍御史，〔一〕稍遷中軍校尉，至司隷。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Records of Famed Heroes state: When Shao was born, his father died, so the Two Excellencies loved him. When young, he served as a Gentleman, and when capped, was promoted to Chief of Puyang, with a pure reputation. When his mother died, he mourned, resigned, and also did the same for his father's mourning period. In total, he spent six years in a mound hut. When his respects ended, he secretly lived in Luoyang, never being ridiculous when meeting guests. If one was not famous within the seas, they could not see [Shao]. He also enjoyed being honorable and travelling, and those like Zhang Mengzhuo, He Boqiu, Wu Ziqing, Xu Ziyuan, and Wu Deyu were all close companions. [Shao] did not respond to summons. Regular Palace Attendant; Zhao Zhong said to the others at the Yellow Gates, "Yuan Benchu sits in his fledging reputation, refusing any summons yet caring for the warriors of sacrifice. Who knows what this boy wants to do anymore?" Shao's junior uncle, Wei, heard such, and warned Shao often that, "You are about to destroy our family!" Shao, from this, thus rose to respond to the Generalissimo's orders.

〔一〕《英雄記》曰：紹生而父死，二公愛之。幼使為郎，弱冠除濮陽長，有清名。遭母喪，服竟，又追行父服，凡在冢廬六年。禮畢，隱居洛陽，不妄通賔客，非海內知名，不得相見。又好游俠，與張孟卓、何伯求、吳子卿、許子遠、伍德瑜等皆為奔走之友。不應辟命。中常侍趙忠謂諸黃門曰：「袁本初坐作聲價，不應呼召而養死士，不知此兒欲何所為乎？」紹叔父隗聞之，責數紹曰：「汝且破我家！」紹於是乃起應大將軍之命。

Your servant, Songzhi, would annotate that the Book of Wei states: "Shao, was Feng's bastard son, and left to succeed his uncle, Cheng." But with the Records [of Famed Heroes]'s statement, then it seems that he was really of Cheng's birth. Extending one's mourning period for family when they are alive, the [Book of] Rites have no such text. Can one be a descendant but act in such manners? These two books have not clarified who [the father] is.

臣松之案：魏書云「紹，逢之庶子，出後伯父成」。如此記所言，則似實成所生。夫人追服所生，禮無其文，況於所後而可以行之！二書未詳孰是。

</details>

When the Keen Emperor died, the Empress Dowager's elder brother, the Generalissimo; He Jin, and Shao plotted to execute the eunuchs.[1] The Empress Dowager did not listen, so they summoned Dong Zhuo, wanting him to coerce the Empress Dowager. The Regular Attendants and those at the Yellow Gates heard this, and all went to Jin with apologies, stating it was a misunderstanding. At the time, Shao urged Jin to be able to thus judge them, stating this over and over again, yet Jin could not decide, but ordered Shao to command Luoyang's local inspectors to investigate the eunuchs. And [Jin] also ordered Shao' younger brother, the General of the Household Rapid as Tigers; Shu to select 200 firm and gentle [Guards] Rapid as Tigers to enter the palace and replace the Guards at the Yellow Gates that were defending the gates. The Regular Attendant; Duan Gui forged the Empress Dowager's order to summon Jin in to talk, then killed him, and the palace was in disarray. Shu led [Guards] Rapid as Tigers to burn the Southern Palace's Jiade Hall's Qingsuo Gates, wanting to force out Gui and the others. Gui and the others did not leave, but coerced the Emperor and the Emperor's younger brother, the Prince of Chenliu, to flee to Xiaoping Ford. Shao thus executed eunuchs and the Colonel who Directs Retainers; Xu Xiang, thus inciting his troops to arrest eunuchs, and regardless they were young or old, all were killed. Some had no beards and thus were killed wrongly, leading some to reveal their body and later escape harm. Some eunuchs that had good conduct and caution still met such [fate]. [Shao's] excess was of such. They quickly pursued Gui and the others, so Gui and the others all jumped into the river and died, so the Emperor was able to return to the palace.

靈帝崩，太后兄大將軍何進與紹謀誅諸閹官，〔一〕常侍、黃門聞之，皆詣進謝，唯所錯置。時紹勸進便可於此決之，至于再三，而進不許，令紹使洛陽方略武吏檢司諸宦者，又令紹弟虎賁中郎將術選溫厚虎賁二百人，當入禁中，代持兵黃門陛守門戶。〔二〕術將虎賁燒南宮嘉德殿青瑣門，欲以迫出珪等。珪等不出，劫帝及帝弟陳留王走小平津。紹旣斬宦者所署司隷校尉許相，遂勒兵捕諸閹人，無少長皆殺之。或有無鬚而誤死者，至自發露形體而後得免，宦者或有行善自守而猶見及。其濫如此。死者二千餘人。急追珪等，珪等悉赴河死。帝得還宮。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Continued Book of Han states: Shao sent his subordinate, Zhang Jin, to tell Jin that, "Those at the Yellow Gates and Regular Attendants have wielded power for too many days, and the Empress Dowager of Yongle and the Regular Attendants monopolize money and profits. General, you ought to correct the world and eliminate a menace of those within the seas!" Jin agreed with such, and thus began to plot together with Shao.

〔一〕《續漢書》曰：紹使客張津說進曰：「黃門、常侍秉權日久，又永樂太后與諸常侍專通財利，將軍宜整頓天下，為海內除患。」進以為然，遂與紹結謀。

〔二〕《九州春秋》曰：初紹說進曰：「黃門、常侍累世太盛，威服海內，前竇武欲誅之而反為所害，但坐言語漏泄，以五營士為兵故耳。五營士生長京師，服畏中人，而竇氏反用其鋒，遂果叛走歸黃門，是以自取破滅。今將軍以元舅之尊，二府並領勁兵，其部曲將吏皆英雄名士，樂盡死力，事在掌握，天贊其時也。今為天下誅除貪穢，功勳顯著，垂名後世，雖周之申伯，何足道哉？今大行在前殿，將軍以詔書領兵衞守，可勿入宮。」進納其言，後更狐疑。紹懼進之改變，脅進曰：「今交搆已成，形勢已露，將軍何為不早決之？事留變生，後機禍至。」進不從，遂敗。

</details>

Dong Zhuo summoned Shao, discussing his intentions to depose the Emperor and install the Prince of Chenliu. At the time, Shao's junior uncle, Wei, was Elite Tutor, so Shao pretended to agree, saying, "This is an important matter. I shall leave to discuss it with the Elite Tutor." Zhuo said, "The Liu clan's members are not enough to revive it." Shao did not reply, but with a hengdao saluted his hands and left.[1] Shao then left, and he thus escaped to Ji Province. The Palace Attendant; Zhou Bi, the Colonel at the Gates; Wu Qiong, Gentleman Consultant; He Yong, were all renowned scholars, so Zhuo trusted them, yet they secretly were of Shao['s opinions], and thus told Zhuo, "Deposing the enthroned is an important matter, which is not what ordinary people can understand. Shao did not realize the full picture, so he was fearful and thus fled; he does not have different intentions. Now if you make his desperate, the situation will surely change. The Yuan clan have displayed their grace for four generations and his family and former subordinates are all over the realm. If he collects these heroes and champions into a large following, then these heroes would hence follow and rebel, and then Shandong would not be yours. This is worse than pardoning him and making him an adminstrator of a single commandery, which would make Shao delighted being absolved from his crimes, and he surely will not be trouble." Zhuo agreed with such, and thus made Shao the Grand Adminstrator of Bohai, and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Kang District.

董卓呼紹，議欲廢帝，立陳留王。是時紹叔父隗為太傅，紹偽許之，曰：「此大事，出當與太傅議。」卓曰：「劉氏種不足復遺。」紹不應，橫刀長揖而去。〔一〕紹旣出，遂亡奔冀州。侍中周毖、城門校尉伍瓊、議郎何顒等，皆名士也，卓信之，而陰為紹，乃說卓曰：「夫廢立大事，非常人所及。紹不達大體，恐懼故出奔，非有他志也。今購之急，勢必為變。袁氏樹恩四世，門世故吏徧於天下，若収豪傑以聚徒衆，英雄因之而起，則山東非公之有也。不如赦之，拜一郡守，則紹喜於免罪，必無患矣。」卓以為然，乃拜紹勃海太守，封邟鄉侯。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]*</summary>

〔一〕The Chronicles of the Brilliant Emperor state: Zhuo wanted to depose the Emperor, so he told Shao that, "The August Emperor is young and ignorant. This is not a master of 10,000 chariots. The Prince of Chenliu is rather great, and I desire to enthrone him. Men with little intelligence, or those smart or dumb, also know such reasons as well, and we ought to hence act. Sire, did you not see of the Keen Emperor? Thinking of this can make people furious!" Shao said, "The Han dynasty has governed the world for over 400 years. Their grace and favor are very great, and the people have supported it for a long time. Now although the Emperor is young and weak, he has not yet have any bad commands discovered to the realm. Sire, if you want to depose the proper [successor] and enthrone the other son, I fear the masses will not follow your logic." Zhuo told Shao, "Rascal! How can the realm's affairs be undecided for me? If I order them to do so, who would dare not obey! Sir, are you saying that my blade is not sharp enough?" Shao said, "Of those who are strong in the realm, how can it just be you, Lord Dong?" He thus took his waist-blade, saluted his hands, and left.

〔一〕《獻帝春秋》曰：卓欲廢帝，謂紹曰：「皇帝沖闇，非萬乘之主。陳留王猶勝，今欲立之。人有小智，大或癡，亦知復何如，為當且爾；卿不見靈帝乎？念此令人憤毒！」紹曰：「漢家君天下四百許年，恩澤深渥，兆民戴之來久。今帝雖幼沖，未有不善宣聞天下，公欲廢適立庶，恐衆不從公議也。」卓謂紹曰：「豎子！天下事豈不決我？我今為之，誰敢不從？爾謂董卓刀為不利乎！」紹曰：「天下健者，豈唯董公？」引佩刀橫揖而出。

Your servant, Songzhi, thinks that Shao and Zhuo, at the time, had not yet hated each other, so this is why Zhuo discussed with him. Supposing these words were not the same, then the insult of 'rascal' for [Shao] would make him have the mind to push the blade, and with Shao's reply, his stubborness is extreme. How can Zhuo tolerate this without causing harm?

臣松之以為紹於時與卓未搆嫌隙，故卓與之諮謀。若但以言議不同，便罵為豎子，而有推刃之心，及紹復荅，屈彊為甚，卓又安能容忍而不加害乎？且如紹此言，進非亮正，退違詭遜，而顯其競爽之旨，以觸哮闞之鋒，有志功業者，理豈然哉！此語，妄之甚矣。

</details>

Shao thus had Bohai raise their troops, trying to execute Zhuo. This matter in the the Martial [Emperor's] Annals. Shao made himself General of Chariots and Cavalry and Coalition Leader, and he and the Governor of Ji Province; Han Fu wanted the Governor of You Province; Liu Yu to be the Emperor, so he sent someone to present his intentions to Yu, but Yu did not dare accept. Later, Fu's army [was in] Anping, and was defeated by Gongsun Zan. Zan thus led troops to enter Ji Province, claiming to attack Zhuo as his excuse, but within, he wanted to attack Fu. Fu felt uneased.[1] At the time, Zhuo went west into the passes, so Shao returned his army to Yan Ford. Because Fu was scared and frightened, [Shao] sent Gao Gan of Chenliu and Xun Chen of Yingchuan to talk to Fu, saying,

"Gongsun Zan is following up his successes to march south, so the commanderies will answer to him. Yuan of the Chariots and Cavalry will lead his army to the east, but his intentions aren't known. We humbly recognize that you, General, are in peril." Fu said, "If so, what to do?" Chen said, "Gongsun has seized Yan and Dai's soldiers, and your vanguard cannot compare. The Yuan clan are an era's champions, and they will certainly refuse to be your subordinate.

Ji Province is the realm's most abundant resource. If you two powers combined strength and have troops connect at the city's bottom, extreme danger would immediately arrive. The Yuan clan has been the General's old [friend], more so in the same alliance. Right now, General, you should plan. Nothing can be compared to the act of yielding Ji Province to the Yuan clan. Once the Yuan clan obtains Ji Province, then Zan cannot contest with him and thus you will certainly receive heavy virtue, General. Giving entry to Ji Province to a close friend will give you, General, the reputation of yielding to the virtuous and your body will be secure like Mount Tai. May you, General, have no further doubts!"

Fu said, "I am the Yuan clan's former official, moreover my talent cannot compare to Benchu's! It would be maganimous and virtuous to concede, which the ancients have valued. Gentlemen, what possibly ails you?" His attendants, Zhao Fu and Cheng Huan, pleaded to have troops to oppose [Shao], but Fu also did not agree, and thus conceded to Shao.[2] Shao thus became Governor of Ji Province.

紹遂以勃海起兵，將以誅卓。語在武紀。紹自號車騎將軍，主盟，與冀州牧韓馥立幽州牧劉虞為帝，遣使奉章詣虞，虞不敢受。後馥軍安平，為公孫瓚所敗。瓚遂引兵入冀州，以討卓為名，內欲襲馥。馥懷不自安。〔一〕會卓西入關，紹還軍延津，因馥惶遽，使陳留高幹、頴川荀諶等說馥曰：「公孫瓚乘勝來向南，而諸郡應之，袁車騎引軍東向，此其意不可知，竊為將軍危之。」馥曰：「為之柰何？」諶曰：「公孫提燕、代之卒，其鋒不可當。袁氏一時之傑，必不為將軍下。夫冀州，天下之重資也，若兩雄并力，兵交於城下，危亡可立而待也。夫袁氏，將軍之舊，且同盟也，當今為將軍計，莫若舉冀州以讓袁氏。袁氏得冀州，則瓚不能與之爭，必厚德將軍。冀州入於親交，是將軍有讓賢之名，而身安於泰山也。願將軍勿疑！」馥素恇怯，因然其計。馥長史耿武、別駕閔純、治中李歷諫馥曰：「冀州雖鄙，帶甲百萬，穀支十年。袁紹孤客窮軍，仰我鼻息，譬如嬰兒在股掌之上，絕其哺乳，立可餓殺。柰何乃欲以州與之？」馥曰：「吾，袁氏故吏，且才不如本初，度德而讓，古人所貴，諸君獨何病焉！」從事趙浮、程奐請以兵拒之，馥又不聽。乃讓紹，〔二〕紹遂領冀州牧。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]*</summary>

〔一〕The Records of Famed Heroes state: Feng Ji told Shao, "General, you have done great deeds, yet depend on others for wealth and resources. If you do not secure a province, you then have nothing to protect yourself." Shao replied, saying, "Ji Province's soldiers are strong, while my troops have no supplies. Supposing we cannot deal with such, then there is nothing left to stand on." Ji said, "You should try to communicate with Gongsun Zan and guide him southwards to attack and seize Ji Province. Gongsun will certainly come, making Fu terrified, so send an envoy to talk gains and losses, and elaborate on disaster and fortunes, and Fu will certainly concede to us. You will be at the borders, and you can secure his position." Shao followed his words and Zan indeed came.

〔一〕《英雄記》曰：逢紀說紹曰：「將軍舉大事而仰人資給，不據一州，無以自全。」紹荅云：「冀州兵彊，吾士饑乏，設不能辦，無所容立。」紀曰：「可與公孫瓚相聞，導使來南，擊取冀州。公孫必至而馥懼矣，因使說利害，為陳禍福，馥必遜讓。於此之際，可據其位。」紹從其言而瓚果來。

〔二〕九州春秋曰：馥遣都督從事趙浮、程奐將彊弩萬張屯河陽。浮等聞馥欲以兾州與紹，自孟津馳東下。時紹尚在朝歌清水口，浮等從後來，船數百艘，衆萬餘人，整兵鼓夜過紹營，紹甚惡之。浮等到，謂馥曰：「袁本初軍無斗糧，各己離散，雖有張楊、於扶羅新附，未肯為用，不足敵也。小從事等請自以見兵拒之，旬日之間，必土崩瓦解；明將軍但當開閤高枕，何憂何懼！」馥不從，乃避位，出居趙忠故舍。遣子齎兾州印綬於黎陽與紹。

</details>

An Attendant; Ju Shou[1] told Shao, "General, when you were capped, you entered the court, by which you spread your reputation within the seas. You remained upright when the deposition [of the Young Emperor] occurred, by which your loyalty and righteousness excited many. You rode alone to withdraw, by which Dong Zhuo felt frightened. You went north of the Ji River, by which Bohai submitted to you. You have incited the soldiers of a single commandery, you have assembled the troops of Ji Province, and your prestige has shook the river's north. Your reputation is indeed important in this world. Despite the Yellow Turbans' crafty disorderly nature and the Black Mountain [Bandits'] arrogance and dominance, you have moved your army eastward, by which Qing Province was stabilized, and then you returned to attack the Black Mountains, by which Zhang Yan was destroyed, and then you marched your army northward, by which Gongsun [Zan] will die, and you have shook and threatened the Rong and Di, by which the Xiongnu will obey. You have controlled the north of the Great River [Yellow River] and unified the lands of four provinces, gathering a champion's talents, and embracing the masses of millions. You have welcomed the imperial carriage at the Western Capital and renewed the Ancestral Temples at Luo City. You can order the realm, and though your attacks have not renewed itself, with your surging battles, who possibly can oppose you? Compared to several years, this feat is not difficult." Shao happily said, "Those are my feelings!" He thus petitioned Shou to be Supervisor of the Army and General who Raises Might.

從事沮授〔一〕說紹曰：「將軍弱冠登朝，則播名海內；值廢立之際，則忠義奮發；單騎出奔，則董卓懷怖；濟河而北，則勃海稽首。振一郡之卒，撮冀州之衆，威震河朔，名重天下。雖黃巾猾亂，黑山跋扈，舉軍東向，則青州可定；還討黑山，則張燕可滅；回衆北首，則公孫必喪；震脅戎狄，則匈奴必從。橫大河之北，合四州之地，收英雄之才，擁百萬之衆，迎大駕於西京，復宗廟於洛邑，號令天下，以討未復，以此爭鋒，誰能敵之？比及數年，此功不難。」紹喜曰：「此吾心也。」即表授為監軍、奮威將軍。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]*</summary>

〔一〕Ju is pronounced Zu.

〔一〕沮音葅。

〔二〕The Biography of the Brilliant Emperor states: Ju Shou was from Guangping. When young, he had big ambitions, and had a many adaptive strategies. He served his province as biejia, then was nominated as Flourishing in Talent, and served successively as prefects of two counties, and also served as Han Fu's biejia. When Yuan Shao gained Ji Province, [Shou] also joined him.

《獻帝傳》曰：沮授，廣平人，少有大志，多權略。仕州別駕，舉茂才，歷二縣令，又為韓馥別駕，表拜騎都尉。袁紹得冀州，又辟焉。

The Records of Famed Heroes state: At the time, the era name was Chuping, while Shao was styled Benchu, and he thought that if era [name] and his style were combined, he certainly would be able to overcome and pacify disaster and chaos.

《英雄記》曰：是時年號初平，紹字本初，自以為年與字合，必能克平禍亂。

</details>

Zhuo sent the Wielder of Golden Maces; Humu Ban and jiangzuodajiang; Wu Xiu to present an edict with a message to placate Shao, but Shao had the Grand Adminstrator of Henei; Wang Kuang kill them.[1] Zhuo heard Shao gained the east of the passes, thus he executed all of Shao's clansmen, including the Elite Tutor; Wei. At the time, many heroic wanderers followed Shao, and all thought of repaying such, and the provinces and commanderies soon rose up; there was none that did not exploit his reptuation. Fu felt scared, and from Shao he asked to leave, and went to serve Zhang Miao.[2] Later, Shao sent someone to Miao, wanting to make plans, and they and Miao whispered. Fu was sitting and thought they were making plots and preparations, and soon, he rose to the latrine and killed himself.[3]

卓遣執金吾胡母班、將作大匠吳脩齎詔書喻紹，紹使河內太守王匡殺之。〔一〕卓聞紹得關東，乃悉誅紹宗族太傅隗等。當是時，豪俠多附紹，皆思為之報，州郡鋒起，莫不假其名。馥懷懼，從紹索去，往依張邈。〔二〕後紹遣使詣邈，有所計議，與邈耳語。馥在坐上，謂見圖構，無何起至溷自殺。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]*</summary>

〔一〕The Records of Famed Heroes state: At the time, the era name was Chuping, while Shao was styled Benchu, and he thought that if era [name] and his style were combined, he certainly would be able to overcome and pacify disaster and chaos.

〔一〕《英雄記》曰：是時年號初平，紹字本初，自以為年與字合，必能克平禍亂。

謝承《後漢書》曰：班，王匡之妹夫，董卓使班奉詔到河內，解釋義兵。匡受袁紹旨，收班繫獄，欲殺之以徇軍。班與匡書云：「自古已來，未有下土諸侯舉兵向京師者。劉向傳曰『擲鼠忌器』，器猶忌之，況卓今處宮闕之內，以天子為藩屏，幼主在宮，如何可討？僕與太傅馬公、太僕趙岐、少府陰脩俱受詔命。關東諸郡雖實嫉卓，猶以銜奉王命，不敢玷辱。而足下獨囚僕於獄，欲以釁鼓，此悖暴無道之甚者也。僕與董卓有何親戚，義豈同惡？而足下張虎狼之口，吐長蛇之毒，恚卓遷怒，何甚酷哉！死，人之所難，然恥為狂夫所害。若亡者有靈，當訴足下於皇天。夫婚姻者禍福之機，今日著矣。曩為一體，今為血讎。亡人子二人，則君之甥，身沒之後，慎勿令臨僕尸骸也。」匡得書，抱班二子而泣。班遂死於獄。班甞見太山府君及河伯，事在搜神記，語多不載。

〔二〕英雄記曰：紹以河內朱漢為都官從事。漢先時為馥所不禮，內懷怨恨，且欲邀迎紹意，擅發城郭兵圍守馥第，拔刃登屋。馥走上樓，收得馥大兒，槌折兩脚。紹亦立收漢，殺之。馥猶憂怖，故報紹索去。

〔三〕英雄記曰：公孫瓚擊青州黃巾賊，大破之，還屯廣宗，改易守令，兾州長吏無不望風響應，開門受之。紹自往征瓚，合戰於界橋南二十里。瓚步兵三萬餘人為方陣，騎為兩翼，左右各五千餘匹，白馬義從為中堅，亦分作兩校，左射右，右射左，旌旗鎧甲，光照天地。紹令麴義以八百兵為先登，彊弩千張夾承之，紹自以步兵數萬結陣於後。義乆在涼州，曉習羌鬬，兵皆驍銳。瓚見其兵少，便放騎欲陵蹈之。義兵皆伏楯下不動，未至數十步，乃同時俱起，揚塵大叫，直前衝突，彊弩雷發，所中必倒，臨陣斬瓚所署兾州刺史嚴綱甲首千餘級。瓚軍敗績，步騎奔走，不復還營。義追至界橋；瓚殿兵還戰橋上，義復破之，遂到瓚營，拔其牙門，營中餘衆皆復散走。紹在後，未到橋十數里，下馬發鞍，見瓚已破，不為設備，惟帳下彊弩數十張，大戟士百餘人自隨。瓚部迸騎二千餘匹卒至，便圍紹數重，弓矢雨下。別駕從事田豐扶紹欲郤入空垣，紹以兜鍪撲地曰：「大丈夫當前鬬死，而入牆間，豈可得活乎？」彊弩乃亂發，多所殺傷。瓚騎不知是紹，亦稍引郤；會麴義來迎，乃散去。瓚每與虜戰，常乘白馬，追不虛發，數獲戎捷，虜相告云「當避白馬」。因虜所忌，簡其白馬數千匹，選騎射之士，號為白馬義從；一曰胡夷健者常乘白馬，瓚有健騎數千，多乘白馬，故以號焉。紹旣破瓚，引軍南到薄落津，方與賔客諸將共會，聞魏郡兵反，與黑山賊于毒共覆鄴城，遂殺太守栗成。賊十餘部，衆數萬人，聚會鄴中。坐上諸客有家在鄴者，皆憂怖失色，或起啼泣，紹容皃不變，自若也。賊陶升者，故內黃小吏也，有善心，獨將部衆踰西城入，閉守州門，不內他賊，以車載紹家及諸衣冠在州內者，身自扞衞，送到斥丘乃還。紹到，遂屯斥丘，以陶升為建義中郎將。乃引軍入朝歌鹿場山蒼巖谷討于毒，圍攻五日，破之，斬毒及長安所署兾州牧壺壽。遂尋山北行，薄擊諸賊左髭丈八等，皆斬之。又擊劉石、青牛角、黃龍、左校、郭大賢、李大目、于氐根等，皆屠其屯壁，奔走得脫，斬首數萬級。紹復還屯鄴。初平四年，天子使太傅馬日磾、太僕趙岐和解關東。岐別詣河北，紹出迎於百里上，拜奉帝命。岐住紹營，移書告瓚。瓚遣使具與紹書曰：「趙太僕以周召之德，銜命來征，宣揚朝恩，示以和睦，曠若開雲見日，何喜如之？昔賈復、寇恂亦爭士卒，欲相危害，遇光武之寬，親俱陛見，同輿共出，時人以為榮。自省邊鄙，得與將軍共同此福，此誠將軍之眷，而瓚之幸也。」麴義後恃功而驕恣，紹乃殺之。

</details>

[1]

〔一〕

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]*</summary>

〔一〕英雄記曰：公孫瓚擊青州黃巾賊，大破之，還屯廣宗，改易守令，兾州長吏無不望風響應，開門受之。紹自往征瓚，合戰於界橋南二十里。瓚步兵三萬餘人為方陣，騎為兩翼，左右各五千餘匹，白馬義從為中堅，亦分作兩校，左射右，右射左，旌旗鎧甲，光照天地。紹令麴義以八百兵為先登，彊弩千張夾承之，紹自以步兵數萬結陣於後。義乆在涼州，曉習羌鬬，兵皆驍銳。瓚見其兵少，便放騎欲陵蹈之。義兵皆伏楯下不動，未至數十步，乃同時俱起，揚塵大叫，直前衝突，彊弩雷發，所中必倒，臨陣斬瓚所署兾州刺史嚴綱甲首千餘級。瓚軍敗績，步騎奔走，不復還營。義追至界橋；瓚殿兵還戰橋上，義復破之，遂到瓚營，拔其牙門，營中餘衆皆復散走。紹在後，未到橋十數里，下馬發鞍，見瓚已破，不為設備，惟帳下彊弩數十張，大戟士百餘人自隨。瓚部迸騎二千餘匹卒至，便圍紹數重，弓矢雨下。別駕從事田豐扶紹欲郤入空垣，紹以兜鍪撲地曰：「大丈夫當前鬬死，而入牆間，豈可得活乎？」彊弩乃亂發，多所殺傷。瓚騎不知是紹，亦稍引郤；會麴義來迎，乃散去。瓚每與虜戰，常乘白馬，追不虛發，數獲戎捷，虜相告云「當避白馬」。因虜所忌，簡其白馬數千匹，選騎射之士，號為白馬義從；一曰胡夷健者常乘白馬，瓚有健騎數千，多乘白馬，故以號焉。紹旣破瓚，引軍南到薄落津，方與賔客諸將共會，聞魏郡兵反，與黑山賊于毒共覆鄴城，遂殺太守栗成。賊十餘部，衆數萬人，聚會鄴中。坐上諸客有家在鄴者，皆憂怖失色，或起啼泣，紹容皃不變，自若也。賊陶升者，故內黃小吏也，有善心，獨將部衆踰西城入，閉守州門，不內他賊，以車載紹家及諸衣冠在州內者，身自扞衞，送到斥丘乃還。紹到，遂屯斥丘，以陶升為建義中郎將。乃引軍入朝歌鹿場山蒼巖谷討于毒，圍攻五日，破之，斬毒及長安所署兾州牧壺壽。遂尋山北行，薄擊諸賊左髭丈八等，皆斬之。又擊劉石、青牛角、黃龍、左校、郭大賢、李大目、于氐根等，皆屠其屯壁，奔走得脫，斬首數萬級。紹復還屯鄴。初平四年，天子使太傅馬日磾、太僕趙岐和解關東。岐別詣河北，紹出迎於百里上，拜奉帝命。岐住紹營，移書告瓚。瓚遣使具與紹書曰：「趙太僕以周召之德，銜命來征，宣揚朝恩，示以和睦，曠若開雲見日，何喜如之？昔賈復、寇恂亦爭士卒，欲相危害，遇光武之寬，親俱陛見，同輿共出，時人以為榮。自省邊鄙，得與將軍共同此福，此誠將軍之眷，而瓚之幸也。」麴義後恃功而驕恣，紹乃殺之。

</details>

Previously, the Son of Heaven's establishment was not of Shao's wants, and when [the Emperor] went to Hedong, Shao sent Guo Tu of Yingchuan as a messenger. Tu returned and told Shao to welcome the Son of Heaven to his capital, Ye, but Shao did not listen.[1]

初，天子之立非紹意，及在河東，紹遣潁川郭圖使焉。圖還說紹迎天子都鄴，紹不從。〔一〕

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]*</summary>

〔一〕The Biography of the Brilliant Empepror states: Ju Shou told Shao, "General, several generations [of your family] have assisted [the Emperor], and each generation became known for their loyalty and righteousness. Presently, the imperial court are displaced and the ancestral temples subverted. It appears the provinces and commanderies on the outside claim to have righteous troops, but inside, they plot the destruction of each other and do not yet [think of] preserving their lord or worrying over the people. Furthermore, now that [your] province and cities are decently stable, you ought to welcome the imperial chariot to the safety of a palace in your capital of Ye. Coerce the Son of Heaven as to control the various lords and restrain soldiers and horses lest they be insubordinate! Who could oppose that?" Shao was delighted and was about to follow it, but Guo Tu and Chunyu Qiong said, "The Han dynasty is slowly dying over time! Now if you want to revive it, will it not also be difficult? Moreover, now that famed heroes control their provinces and commanderies, they lead and control tens of thousands. It is said when the Qin lost their deer, the first to get them were rulers. Now if you welcome the Son of Heaven to be close by, then very often you will hear requests. If you obey it, then your power decreases, but if you disobey it, then you will be opposing imperial orders! This is not a plan that is good." Shou said, "If you welcome the imperial court now, that is the extreme of being righteous. Moreover, this is the time we must have grand plans. If we do not plan early, there will be others at the fore. Your power cannot miss this opportunity, and the glory will be quick and rapid! General, you have to plan this!" But Shao didn't use it.

〔一〕《獻帝傳》云：沮授說紹曰：「將軍累葉輔弼，世濟忠義。今朝廷播越，宗廟毀壞，觀諸州郡外託義兵，內圖相滅，未有存主卹民者。且今州城粗定，宜迎大駕，安宮鄴都，挾天子而令諸侯，畜士馬以討不庭，誰能禦之！」紹悅，將從之。郭圖、淳于瓊曰：「漢室陵遲，為日久矣，今欲興之，不亦難乎！且今英雄據有州郡，衆動萬計，所謂秦失其鹿，先得者王。若迎天子以自近，動輙表聞，從之則權輕，違之則拒命，非計之善者也。」授曰：「今迎朝廷，至義也，又於時宜大計也，若不早圖，必有先人者也。夫權不失機，功在速捷，將軍其圖之！」紹弗能用。案此書稱郭圖之計，則與本傳違也。

I annotate that the [base] book says it was Guo Tu's plan, so this and the base biography are contradictory.

案此書稱郭圖之計，則與本傳違也。

</details>

When the Grand Progenitor was sieging Ye, Tan plotted to take Ganling, Anping, Bohai, Hejian, and attacked Shang at Zhongshan. Shang fled from Gu'an to follow Xi, and Tan received all [Shang's] troops.

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]*</summary>

The Dianlüe states: Shang was a man who had bravery and strength, and wanted to seize Kang's troops, so he plotted to Xi and said, "Now that we arrived, Kang will surely meet us. I want us to assassinate him, and if there is Liaodong, we may yet expand ourselves." Kang also had his own plan, saying, "If I do not seize Xi or Shang, I have nothing to say to the empire." So he first arranged the strong and brave in the stables and later, he invited Xi and Shang. When Xi and Shang came in, Kang's hidden troops came out the duo were tied up and sat on the frozen ground. Shang was cold and asked for a mat, but Xi said, "Our heads are about to travel tens of thousands of li! What can a mat do?" Tan was styled Xiansi; Xi was styled Xianfu; Shang was styled Xianfu.

《典略》曰：尚為人有勇力，欲奪取康衆，與熙謀曰：「今到，康必相見，欲與兄手擊之，有遼東猶可以自廣也。」康亦心計曰：「今不取熙、尚，無以為說於國家。」乃先置其精勇於廄中，然後請熙、尚。熙、尚入，康伏兵出，皆縛之，坐於凍地。尚寒，求席，熙曰：「頭顱方行萬里，何席之為！」遂斬首。譚字顯思；熙字顯弈；尚字顯甫。

The Book of Wu states: Shang had a younger brother named Mai; he and Shang both fled to Liaodong.

《吳書》曰：尚有弟名買，與尚俱走遼東。

The Biography of Cao Man says: Mai was Shang's elder brother's son. Unknown deeds.

《曹瞞傳》云：買，尚兄子。未詳。

</details>

<details><summary>Biography of Yuan Shu*</summary>

Yuan Shu, styled Gonglu, was the Minister of Works; Feng's son and Shao's younger cousin. His gallant spirit was well-known. He was nominated as Filial and Incorrupt and became Palace Gentleman, regularly shifting posts in and out. Later he served as Colonel who Repels Assaults and General of the Household of the Palace Guards. When Dong Zhuo was about to depose the Emperor, he wanted to make Shu the General of the Rear, but Shu feared that Zhuo was dangerous, so he fled to Nanyang. He met the Grand Adminstrator of Changsha; Sun Jian and killed the Grand Adminstrator of Nanyang; Zhang Zi, and Shu seized the Commandery. Nanyang had 1,000,000 people, yet Shu became extravagant, obscene, and despotic. He levied [heavy] taxes without consideration, and the commoners suffered from him.

袁術字公路，司空逢子，紹之從弟也。以俠氣聞。舉孝廉，除郎中，歷職內外，後為折衝校尉、虎賁中郎將。董卓之將廢帝，以術為後將軍；術亦畏卓之禍，出奔南陽。會長沙太守孫堅殺南陽太守張咨，術得據其郡。南陽戶口數百萬，而術奢淫肆欲，徵斂無度，百姓苦之。

[1] [Shu] and Shao had a feud and was also unfriendly with Liu Biao, so he formed an alliance with the northern Gongsun Zan; Shao and Zan were not at peace, so he also formed an alliance with the southern Liu Biao. These cousins had two hearts, and their abandoning of their closeness to embrace distance was like this. He led his army to enter Chenliu. The Grand Progenitor and Shao joined their strength and crushed Shu's army. Shu had his remnants flee to Jiujiang, killing the Inspector of Yang Province; Chen Wen to lead the province.[2] He made Zhang Xun and Qiao Rui to be Generalissimos. When Li Jue entered Chang'an, he wished to ally with Shu for help, and he made Shu the General of the Left, enfeoffing him as Marquis of Yangdi, with temporary tally, and sent Elite Tutor; Ma Midi to hence award the seal. Shu stole Midi's tally, forcing him to stay and did not sent him back.[3]

〔一〕旣與紹有隙，又與劉表不平而北連公孫瓚；紹與瓚不和而南連劉表。其兄弟攜貳，舍近交遠如此。〔一〕太祖與紹合擊，大破術軍。術以餘衆奔九江，殺楊州刺史陳溫，領其州。〔二〕李傕入長安，欲結術為援，以術為左將軍，封陽翟侯，假節，遣太傅馬日磾因循行拜授。術奪日磾節，拘留不遣。〔三〕

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]*</summary>

〔一〕The Book of Wu states: At the time, many discussed that because the Keen Emperor lost his way, this caused the world to have rebellions and chaos, and because the Young Emperor was young and weak, that he was installed by evil officials, and also not knowing his maternal clan's origins. The Governor of You Province; Liu Yu previously had virtue and prestige, so Shao and others wished to install him as to stabilize the times, and sent men to report such to Shu. Shu saw the Han dynasty was declining significantly, and secretly cherished different ambitions, hence he pretended to use the general righteousness as to oppose Shao.

〔一〕《吳書》曰：時議者以靈帝失道，使天下叛亂，少帝幼弱，為賊臣所立，又不識母氏所出。幽州牧劉虞宿有德望，紹等欲立之以安當時，使人報術。術觀漢室衰陵，陰懷異志，故外託公義以拒紹。紹復與術書曰：「前與韓文節共建永世之道，欲海內見再興之主。今西名有幼君，無血脉之屬，公卿以下皆媚事卓，安可復信！但當使兵往屯關要，皆自蹙死於西。東立聖君，太平可兾，如何有疑！又室家見戮，不念子胥，可復北靣乎？違天不祥，願詳思之。」術荅曰：「聖主聦叡，有周成之質。賊卓因危亂之際，威服百寮，此乃漢家小厄之會。亂尚未厭，復欲興之。乃云今主『無血脉之屬』，豈不誣乎！先人以來，弈世相承，忠義為先。太傅公仁慈惻隱，雖知賊卓必為禍害，以信徇義，不忍去也。門戶滅絕，死亡流漫，幸蒙遠近來相赴助，不因此時上討國賊，下刷家恥，而圖於此，非所聞也。又曰『室家見戮，可復北靣』，此卓所為，豈國家哉？君命，天也，天不可讎，況非君命乎！慺慺赤心，志在滅卓，不識其他。」

〔二〕Your servant Songzhi annotates that The Annals of Famed Heroes stated: "Chen Wen, styled Yuanti, was from Ru'nan. He previously served as the Inspector Inspector of Yang Province, fell ill, and died. Yuan Shao sent Yuan Yi to lead the province, but was defeated and scattered. [Yi] fled to Pei Commandery, and was killed by soldiers. Yuan again used Chen Yu for Yang Province. Yu, styled Gongwei, from Xiapi. Yu controlled the province; when Shu was defeated at Fengqiu, he went south to Shouchun, but Yu opposed Shu and did not admit him in. Shu retreated to protect Yinling and gathered troops to attack Yu. Yu was fearful, so he fled to Xiapi." If so, then Wen was not killed by Shu, so this and the base biography are not the same.

〔二〕臣松之案《英雄記》：「陳溫字元悌，汝南人。先為楊州刺史，自病死。袁紹遣袁遺領州，敗散，奔沛國，為兵所殺。袁術更用陳瑀為楊州。瑀字公瑋，下邳人。瑀旣領州，而術敗於封丘，南向壽春，瑀拒術不納。術退保陰陵，更合軍攻瑀，瑀懼走歸下邳。」如此，則溫不為術所殺，與本傳不同。

〔三〕The Sanfujuelu notes state: Midi, styled Wengshu, was Ma Rong's junior kinsman. When young, he studied Rong's theory, and he used his talent and learning to advance. He, Yang Biao, Lu Zhi, and Yang Biao were editors in the Central Secretariat, and their positions reached the Nine Ministers, thus going on stage to assist.

〔三〕《三輔決錄》注曰：日磾字翁叔，馬融之族子。少傳融業，以才學進。與楊彪、盧植、蔡邕等典校中書，歷位九卿，遂登台輔。

The Annals of the Excellent EmperorThe state: Shu, because of Midi's tally, observed it, and hence stole it without returning it, and prepared his army for over 1,000 people, and urged [Midi] to recruit them. Midi told Shu, "Your honored family's ancestors were the Excellencies, so why say 'recruiting soldiers'? If your words are this urgent, are you saying the Excellencies' subordinates would steal such?" He wanted to leave because of Shu, but Shu made him stay without leaving, and because he lost the tally and the humiliation of serving, he became stressed and angry, and died.

《獻帝春秋》曰：術從日磾借節觀之，因奪不還，備軍中千餘人，使促辟之。日磾謂術曰：「卿家先世諸公，辟士云何，而言促之，謂公府掾可劫得乎！」從術求去，而術留之不遣；旣以失節屈辱，憂恚而死。

</details>

At the time, the Chancellor of Pei was Chen Gui of Xiapi, who was former Elite Commandant; Qiu's younger brother's son. Shu and Gui were both of noble descendant, and when young, they together would travel. [Shu] wrote to Gui, saying, "Of old, when the Qin lost their power, the world's herd of heroes fought and seized such, and those wise and strong ultimately received their patronage. Now that our nation's affairs are divided and troubled, there again is the situation of disorder. This is indeed the time for the heroic and righteous to act. Me and you, sir, are old friends. How could I ever be willing to make you but a left or right? If I accumulate glory, you, sir, would be my heart and spine." Gui's son, Ying, at the time was in Xiapi, and Shu also coerced and took hostage Ying, thinking it would summon Gui. Gui replied with a letter, "Of old, during the Qin's destruction, the arbitrary and savage indulged in their nature, the tyrannical overflowed the realm, there was constant harm and death to the common people, and subordinates could not stand orders. Hence it would transpire in the land's collapse. Although troubled this declining era may be, it is not like the excessive violence towards the end of the Qin. General Cao's divine strength responds to these times, bringing again order and punishments; pacifying the violent and evil; purifying and stabilizing within the seas. I am faithful such will manifest. I think you ought to join powers with [General Cao] and with the same heart, that is to support and uphold the Han dynasty. Hidden plots are unlawful, and to use your body to tinkle with disaster, how can you not be condemned? If you are confused, you can find your way back, and more so, you would avoid it. We are old acquaintances, hence I explain this with my utmost feelings, so despite your perverseness and all, you have my sympathy that is like flesh and bone. If you want me seek gain, flatter, associate myself, even with the crime of death I cannot!"

時沛相下邳陳珪，故太尉球弟子也。術與珪俱公族子孫，少共交游，書與珪曰：「昔秦失其政，天下羣雄爭而取之，兼智勇者卒受其歸。今世事紛擾，復有瓦解之勢矣，誠英乂有為之時也。與足下舊交，豈肯左右之乎？若集大事，子實為吾心膂。」珪中子應時在下邳，術並脅質應，圖必致珪。珪荅書曰：「昔秦末世，肆暴恣情，虐流天下，毒被生民，下不堪命，故遂土崩。今雖季世，未有亡秦苛暴之亂也。曹將軍神武應期，興復典刑，將撥平凶慝，清定海內，信有徵矣。以為足下當戮力同心，匡翼漢室，而陰謀不軌，以身試禍，豈不痛哉！若迷而知反，尚可以免。吾備舊知，故陳至情，雖逆於耳，肉骨之惠也。欲吾營私阿附，有犯死不能也。」

It was winter of the 2nd year of the Xingping era when the Son of Heaven fled to Caoyang. Shu convened his subordinates and told them, "Right now, the Liu clan is becoming weaker, and within the four seas, there is great confusion. My family, for four generations, were Excellencies and assisted [in the government], so the commoners look to join me. I want to respond to Heaven and obey the people, so gentlemen, what to do?" Of the group, none dared reply. His Registrar; Yan Xiang rose and said, "Of old, the Zhou, from Houji to the Civil King, accumulated virtue and their achievements. They partook in the division of the realm and took two pieces, yet still obeyed the Yin. My liege, though you are of noble descent and especially prosperous, this is not enough of the Zhou's such greatness; though the Han dynasty may be weak, it is not enough of [King] Zhou of Yin's cruelty." Shu was silently displeased. He used Zhang Pi of Henei's astrological will to thus illegitimately take the title [of Emperor]. He had the Grand Adminstrator of Jiujiang be Intendant of Huainan, and he installed Excellencies and Ministers, with temples in the south, and [worshipped] in the northern surburbs. He indulged in the most extreme extravagance, and his rear palace had hundreds [of concubines], all donning fine silk. He had much rice and meat, but his soldiers were freezing and starving. Within the Jianghuai region, it was desolate [in food], and the people began to eat each other.

興平二年冬，天子敗於曹陽。術會羣下謂曰：「今劉氏微弱，海內鼎沸。吾家四世公輔，百姓所歸，欲應天順民，於諸君意如何？」衆莫敢對。主簿閻象進曰：「昔周自后稷至于文王，積德累功，參分天下有其二，猶服事殷。明公雖弈世克昌，未若有周之盛，漢室雖微，未若殷紂之暴也。」術嘿然不悅。用河內張鮍之符命，遂僭號，〔一〕以九江太守為淮南尹。置公卿，祠南北郊。荒侈滋甚，後宮數百皆服綺縠，餘粱肉，而士卒凍餒，江淮間空盡，人民相食。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Dianlüe states: Shu claimed that the Yuan clan came out of the Chen [clan]. The Chens were Shun's descendants, and [Shu] claimed that earth succeeds fire, thus answering the succession of the fortunes. And he also read prophetic texts that said, "The one who replaces the Han will be most great." [Shu], because his forename and style fit such, thus established what would be called the Zhong clan.

〔一〕《典略》曰：術以袁姓出陳，陳，舜之後，以土承火，得應運之次。又見讖文云：「代漢者，當塗高也。」自以名字當之，乃建號稱仲氏。

</details>

Shu was previously defeated by Lü Bu, and later defeated by the Grand Progenitor, so he fled to his subordinates, Lei Bo and Chen Lan in Mount Qian, and he was again rejected. He became worried and fearful, not knowing where to go. He was about to give the Emperor title to Shao, wanting to go to Qing Province and his relative, Yuan Tan, but fell ill along the road and died. His wife and children relied on Shu's former official, the Grand Adminstrator of Lujiang; Liu Xun, but Sun Ce defeated Xun, and they were again seized. Shu's daughter entered Sun Quan's palace, and [Shu's] son, Yao, became Palace Gentleman. Yao's daughter also married Quan's son, Fen.

術前為呂布所破，後為太祖所敗，奔其部曲雷薄、陳蘭於灊山，復為所拒，憂懼不知所出。將歸帝號於紹，欲至青州從袁譚，發病道死。妻子依術故吏廬江太守劉勳，孫策破勳，復見收視。術女入孫權宮，子燿拜郎中，燿女又配於權子奮。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Chronicles of the Nine Provinces state: [The Colonel who] Directs Affairs; Feng Fang had a daughter, who was a national beauty, and fled the chaos to Yang Province. When Shu ascended the city and met her, he was pleased with her. Various women hated her favor, and told her, "The General values people that are ambitious yet honest, so whenever [you are with him], you should cry and act depressed. This will gradually make him respect you even more." Lady Feng hence agreed, and later met Shu, and thereupon crying, and Shu indeed thought she had ambitions, thus began to pity her more. The various women hence together strangled her, hanging her from the bathroom's beam. Shu honestly thought she, being unable to gain her ambitions, died, and thus gave a lavish funeral.

〔一〕《九州春秋》曰：司隷馮方女，國色也，避亂楊州，術登城見而恱之，遂納焉，甚愛幸。諸婦害其寵，語之曰：「將軍貴人有志節，當時時涕泣憂愁，必長見敬重。」馮氏以為然，後見術輙垂涕，術果以有心志，益哀之。諸婦人因共絞殺，懸之厠梁，術誠以為不得志而死，乃厚加殯斂。

〔二〕The Book of Wei states: Shu's offer of the Emperor title to Shao is stated thus, "The Han has lost the world for too long! The Son of Heaven needs support, the government is in the family clan['s control], and famed champions are fighting each other, dividing and splitting the lands. This, compared to the end of the Zhou to becoming seven nations that are divided, is no different. One with strong soldiers will control such, that's all. Furthermore, the Yuan clan have received the destiny of being rulers, and auspicious omens illuminate such. As of now, sire, you have four provinces, and the people in your households are 1,000,000. Your strength cannot be compared in power, moreover your virtue cannot be compared in greatness! Though Cao Cao wants the support to feeble and save the weak, how can he continue blindly saving those destroyed?" Shao secretly agreed with such.

〔二〕《魏書》曰：術歸帝號於紹曰：「漢之失天下久矣，天子提挈，政在家門，豪雄角逐，分裂疆宇，此與周之末年七國分勢無異，卒彊者兼之耳。加袁氏受命當王，符瑞炳然。今君擁有四州，民戶百萬，以彊則無與比大，論德則無與比高。曹操欲扶衰拯弱，安能續絕命救已滅乎？」紹陰然之。

The Book of Wu states: When Shu was rejected by Lei Bo and others, he remained there for three days, but his soldiers exhausted their supplies, so they thus returned back to Jiang Pavillion, and left for Shouchun, which was 80 li. He inquired his chef [for food], and there was only 30 hu of wheat flour. And when it was very hot, he wanted to get a honey drink, but there is no honey. He sat on his bed, sighing for an especially long time, and then exclaimed, "[How have] I, Yuan Shu, come to this?" He fell under his bed, vomitted blood that was many dou, and then died.

《吳書》曰：術旣為雷薄等所拒，留住三日，士衆絕糧，乃還至江亭，去壽春八十里。問廚下，尚有麥屑三十斛。時盛暑，欲得蜜漿，又無蜜。坐櫺牀上，歎息良久，乃大咤曰：「袁術至於此乎！」因頓伏牀下，嘔血斗餘，遂死。

</details>

<details><summary>Biography of Liu Biao*</summary>

Liu Biao, styled Jingsheng, was from Gaoping, Shanyang. When young, he was famous, and was nicknamed the 'Eighth Talent'.

劉表字景升，山陽高平人也。少知名，號八俊。

The Grand Progenitor had Cong serve as Grand Administrator of Qing Province, enfeoffing him as a marquis.

太祖以琮為青州刺史、封列侯。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕Chu has the [Yangzi] River and the Han [River] and its dangerous mountains and rivers, then afterwards again [became] the first borderland that fought for supremacy with the Qin. Jing Province then became its former land.

〔一〕《魏武故事》載令曰：「楚有江、漢山川之險，後復先疆與秦爭衡，荊州則其故地。劉鎮南乆用其民矣。身沒之後，諸子鼎峙，雖終難全，猶可引日。青州刺史琮，心高志潔，智深慮廣，輕榮重義，薄利厚德，蔑萬里之業，忽三軍之衆，篤中正之體，敦令名之譽，上耀先君之遺塵，下圖不朽之餘祚；鮑永之棄并州，竇融之離五郡，未足以喻也。雖封列侯一州之位，猶恨此寵未副其人；而比有牋求還州。監史雖尊，秩祿未優。今聽所執，表琮為諫議大夫，參同軍事。」

</details></details>

<details><summary>Commentary*</summary>

Dong Zhuo was savage as a wolf, and he was cruel tyrant: despotic and inhumane. My book has already made that clear, that from beginning to end, he possessed such. [TRANSLATION] Yuan Shu was extravagant and presumptuous. [TRANSLATION] Of yore, while Xiang Yu refused Fan Zeng's plan and thus lost his kingly power, Shao killed Tian Feng. Thus, he is extremely contrary to Yu!

</details></details>

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