Chinese Translations

Li Dian - 李典

Li Dian, styled Mancheng, was from Juye, Shanyang. [Li] Dian's uncle was [Li] Qian, who had a valiant spirit, and often gathered guests, visitors, and thousands at Chengshi. He used the amassed to follow the Grand Progenitor, defeated the Yellow Turbans at Shouchang, and also came to strike Yuan Shu, and was in the expedition against Xu Province. During Lü Bu's rebellion, the Grand Progenitor had [Li] Qian return to Chengshi as to comfort the counties. [ Lü] Bu's Assistant Aide, Xue Lan, and Local Governor, Li Feng, summoned [Li] Qian, and wanted him to defect. [Li] Qian did not obey, so they thereupon killed him.

李典字曼成，山陽鉅野人也。典從父乾，有雄氣，合賔客數千家在乘氏。初平中，以衆隨太祖，破黃巾於壽張，又從擊袁術，征徐州。呂布之亂，太祖遣乾還乘氏，慰勞諸縣。布別駕薛蘭、治中李封招乾，欲俱叛，乾不聽，遂殺乾。

The Grand Progenitor sent [Li] Qian's son, [Li] Zheng, to lead [Li] Qian's army, and with various generals attacked [Xue] Lan and [Li] Feng. [Xue] Lan and [Li] Feng were defeated, and by pacifying Yan Province and its counties, he achieved merits, and was promoted to Inspector of Qing Province. When [Li] Zheng died, [Li] Dian was shifted to Prefect of Yingyin, General of the Household, and led [Li] Zheng's army,[1] then relocated to became Grand Administrator of Lihu.

太祖使乾子整將乾兵，與諸將擊蘭、封。蘭、封破，從平兖州諸縣有功，稍遷青州刺史。整卒，典徙潁陰令，為中郎將，將整軍，〔一〕遷離狐太守。

〔一〕The Book of Wei states: When [Li] Dian was young, he was good at studying, and did not like military affairs. He thus studied the Biographies of the Spring and Autumn from Mister Zuo and eagerly studied ancient books. The Grand Progenitor liked such, and tested this by having him govern people.

〔一〕《魏書》曰：典少好學，不樂兵事，乃就師讀春秋左氏傳，博觀羣書。太祖善之，故試以治民之政。

When the Grand Progenitor and Yuan Shao opposed each other at Guan Ferry, [Li] Dian led his clansmen and retainers to provide grain and clothing to [the Grand Progenitor's] army. When [Yuan] Shao was defeated, [the Grand Progenitor] had [Li] Dian become Assistant General and had him watch the people. When the Grand Progenitor attacked [Yuan] Tan and [Yuan] Shang at Liyang, he sent [Li] Dian and Cheng Yu to transport military supplies by ship. It happened that [Yuan] Shang sent the Grand Adminstrator of Wei Commandery; Gao Fan to lead troops and garrisoned north of the river, blocking the water route. The Grand Progenitor ordered [Li] Dian and [Cheng] Yu, "If your ships cannot cross, disembark and march by land." [Li] Dian discussed with thee other generals, "[Gao] Fan's army has little equipment and relies on the water, their minds being negligent and relaxed. If we attack, we will succeed. Our army needn't [heed] the imperial court, for if we want to help our empire, we can act without permission to do so. We should attack them now!" [Cheng] Yu also agreed with such. Therefore, they crossed the river, attacked [Gao] Fan, and defeated him. The water routes were reestablished.

時太祖與袁紹相拒官渡，典率宗族及部曲輸穀帛供軍。紹破，以典為裨將軍，屯安民。太祖擊譚、尚於黎陽，使典與程昱等以船運軍糧。會尚遣魏郡太守高蕃將兵屯河上，絕水道，太祖勑典、昱：「若船不得過，下從陸道。」典與諸將議曰：「蕃軍少甲而恃水，有懈怠之心，擊之必克。軍不內禦；苟利國家，專之可也，宜亟擊之。」昱亦以為然。遂北渡河，攻蕃，破之，水道得通。

Liu Biao sent Liu Bei north to invade, and when he reached Ye [County], the Grand Progenitor sent [Li] Dian to accompany Xiahou Dun to repel him. One day, [Liu] Bei soon burned his camp and left, so [Xiahou] Dun led his subordinates to chase and attack him. [Li] Dian said, "Our enemy has retreated for no reason. I suspect there is an ambush. The southern road is very narrow and the vegetation is thick. Do not pursue him." [Xiahou] Dun did not listen and with Yu Jin chased him. [Li] Dian remained to guard. [Xiahou] Dun and the others really did get stuck into the traitor's ambush. The battle was not favorable, and [Li] Dian went to save them. When [Liu] Bei saw reinforcements came, his army retreated. They then sieged Ye and Ye was then settled. [Li Dian] and Yue Jin sieged Gao Gan at Huguan and attacked Guan Cheng at Zhangguang; both were defeated. He was promoted to General who Seizes Invaders and enfeoffed as a Marquis of a Capital District.

劉表使劉備北侵，至葉，太祖遣典從夏侯惇拒之。備一旦燒屯去，惇率諸軍追擊之，典曰：「賊無故退，疑必有伏。南道窄狹，草木深，不可追也。」惇不聽，與于禁追之，典留守。惇等果入賊伏裏，戰不利，典往救，備望見救至，軍散退。從圍鄴，鄴定，與樂進圍高幹於壺關，擊管承於長廣，皆破之。遷捕虜將軍，封都亭侯。

[Li] Dian's clansmen and retainers were over 3,000 families and resided at Chenshi, but they petitioned to relocate to Wei Commandery. The Grand Progenitor amusingly said, "Sir, you desire to emulate Geng Chun?" [Li] Dian humbly said, "I am timid and weak, with little achievements, yet, I am enfeoffed and honored, of which it is too generous. I certainly deem it appropriate to involve my clan's power. Furthermore, the warfare has not yet stopped, we feel obligated [to move] from the borders and go further in. This is for you to oversee the four borders, and not of my admiration of [Geng] Chun." He thus moved his retainers and clansmen, over 13,000 persons, to live at Ye.

典宗族部曲三千餘家，居乘氏，自請願徙詣魏郡。太祖笑曰：「卿欲慕耿純邪？」典謝曰：「典駑怯功微，而爵寵過厚，誠宜舉宗陳力；加以征伐未息，宜實郊遂之內，以制四方，非慕純也。」遂徙部曲宗族萬三千餘口居鄴。

The Grand Progenitor praised him and made him General who Destroys Invaders. He, Zhang Liao, and Yue Jin garrisoned at Hefei. When Sun Quan led troops to besiege it, [Zhang] Liao had received orders to go out and fight. [Yue] Jin, [Li] Dian, and [Zhang] Liao were all unharmonious, and [Zhang] Liao feared their disobedience. [Li] Dian sternly said, "This is an important matter of the empire and it matters on your plan's execution, that's all. I will not let my personal dislike overlook the common righteousness!" He thereupon led troops with [Zhang] Liao and routed [Sun] Quan. He was gifted a fief and hundred households, overall being 300.

太祖嘉之，遷破虜將軍。與張遼、樂進屯合肥，孫權率衆圍之，遼欲奉教出戰。進、典、遼皆素不睦，遼恐其不從，典慨然曰：「此國家大事，顧君計何如耳，吾不可以私憾而忘公義乎！」乃率衆與遼破走權。增邑百戶，并前三百戶。

Descendants

[Li] Dian enjoyed learning, and he was noble, educated, and elegant, and did not compete for glory with other generals. He respected wise men and grandees and was gentle and felt incompetent [in his skills]. Those in the army called him their Chief. He was 36 when he died and his son, [Li] Zhen, succeeded him. When the Civil Emperor ascended the steps, he remembered [Li Dian's] merit in Hefei and increased [Li] Zhen's fief with hundred households, and gifted [Li] Dian's other son with a noble title, Marquis within the Passes with a fief of hundred households. The posthumous title for [Li] Dian was Misfortunate Marquis.

典好學問，貴儒雅，不與諸將爭功。敬賢士大夫，恂恂若不及，軍中稱其長者。年三十六薨，子禎嗣。文帝踐阼，追念合肥之功，增禎邑百戶，賜典一子爵關內侯，邑百戶；謚典曰愍侯。

Li Tong - 李通

Li Tong, styled Wenda, was from Pingchun, Jiangxia.[1] His heroic antics were spread between the Jiang and Ru [River]. He and Chen Gong of the same commandery together rose troops at Langling. A many soldiers joined them. At the time, there was this Zhou Zhi, who led 2,000 retainers. He, with Gong and Tong, were outside harmonious, but within hostile. Tong wanted to plan a killing of Zhi, but Gong thought it was hard. Tong knew Gong would not break, and thus alone decided on his plan. When he and Zhi met, while they were drunk, [Tong] killed Zhi. [Zhi's] soldiers were very scared and Tong led Gong to kill its commanders. In the end, they absorbed [Zhi's] camp. Later, Gong's wife's younger brother, Chen He, killed Gong and led his troops. Tong attacked and defeated He's army, beheading He's head and offering it to Gong's grave. And he also captured a Grand Commander of the Yellow Turbans; Wu Ba alive, who thus surrendered and became his subordinate. That year happened to have a major famine. Tong used all his family's [resources] to relieve soldiers, who split the distilled grain. All competed to be used [by Tong] and thereupon those bandits did not dare encroach.

李通字文達，江夏平春人也。〔一〕以俠聞於江、汝之間。與其郡人陳恭共起兵於朗陵，衆多歸之。時有周直者，衆二千餘家，與恭、通外和內違。通欲圖殺直而恭難之。通知恭無斷，乃獨定策，與直克會，酒酣殺直。衆人大擾，通率恭誅其黨帥，盡并其營。後恭妻弟陳郃，殺恭而據其衆。通攻破郃軍，斬郃首以祭恭墓。又生禽黃巾大帥吳霸而降其屬。遭歲大饑，通傾家振施，與士分糟糠，皆爭為用，由是盜賊不敢犯。

Early in the Jian'an era, Tong led his army to join the Grand Progenitor in his undertaking, who had Tong become General of the Household who Inspires Might, garrisioning at Ru'nan on all four sides. When the Grand Progenitor launched an expedition against Zhang Xiu, Liu Biao sent troops to reinforce Xiu, and the Grand Progenitor's army was at a disadvantage. Tong led his troops overnight towards the Grand Progenitor, so the Grand Progenitor was able to renew his fight. Tong was the vanguard and he greatly defeated Xiu's army. He was made Lesser General and enfeoffed as Marquis of Jiangong. Divided were two of Ru'nan [commandery's] two counties, and Tong was made Commandant of Yang'an.

建安初，通舉衆詣太祖於許。拜通振威中郎將，屯汝南西界。太祖討張繡，劉表遣兵以助繡，太祖軍不利。通將兵夜詣太祖，太祖得以復戰，通為先登，大破繡軍。拜裨將軍，封建功侯。分汝南二縣，以通為陽安都尉。

When Tong's wife's elder uncle violated the law, the Chief of Langling; Zhao Yan arrested him in accordance, and decided he was given the death penalty. Whether he died or live was decided upon the Governor or Adminstrator. Tong's wife and children all wept to beg for his life. Tong said, "Right now, me and Lord Cao have combined our strengths. Rightfully, I would not resign due to personal matters." He praised Yan's judgment and resolve, and they become close friends.

通妻伯父犯法，朗陵長趙儼收治，致之大辟。是時殺生之柄，決於牧守，通妻子號泣以請其命。通曰：「方與曹公勠力，義不以私廢公。」嘉儼執憲不阿，與為親交。

When the Grand Progenitor and Yuan Shao opposed each other at Guan Ferry, Shao sent men to make Tong General who Invades the South and Liu Biao also secretly beckoned him, but Tong refused them both. Tong's relatives and retainers wept, saying, "Now we are isolated and in danger, waiting for something. If we will lose this great aid and stay, we are helpless and idle. This is worse, and we must follow Shao!" Tong held a sword and scolded them, saying, "Lord Cao is extremely wise and will certainly settle the world under heaven. Although Shao is powerful and prospering, his appointments are lacking, and eventually, he will be conquered, that's all. I would rather die and not be disloyal!" He thereupon beheaded Shao's envoy and sent the seal to the Grand Progenitor. He also attacked petty thieves in Qu Gong, Jiang Gong, and Shen Cheng; all were defeated. He killed them all and sent their heads [to the Grand Progenitor]. He thus settled the lands of the Huai and Ru. His fief was changed to Marquis of a Capital District, and made Grand Adminstrator of Ru'nan.

太祖與袁紹相拒於官渡。紹遣使拜通征南將軍，劉表亦陰招之，通皆拒焉。通親戚部曲流涕曰：「今孤危獨守，以失大援，亡可立而待也，不如亟從紹。」通按劒以叱之曰：「曹公明哲，必定天下。紹雖彊盛，而任使無方，終為之虜耳。吾以死不貳。」即斬紹使，送印綬詣太祖。又擊郡賊瞿恭、江宮、沈成等，皆破殘其衆，送其首。遂定淮、汝之地。改封都亭侯，拜汝南太守。

At the time, the thief, Zhang Chi, led over 5,000 soldiers to raid Taoshan. Tong attacked and defeated him. When Liu Bei and Zhou Yu sieged Cao Ren at Jiangling and sent Guan Yu to cut the northern road. Tong led his army to attack him, dismounting from his horse to dismantle the caltrops in order to enter the siege. He fought in the frontlines as to receive Ren's army. He was the most valiant of the generals. Tong, along the way, became ill and died. At the time, his years were 42. He was posthumously gifted for his fief 200 households, overall being 400 households. When the Civil Emperor ascended the steps, [Tong's] posthumous title was made the Resolute Marquis. An edict stated, "Previously, during the trouble of Yuan Shao, [regarding] Xu and Cai in the South, many people cherished second thoughts. Tong held to righteousness and was not bothered. When others that were to betray submitted [to Shao, Tong] fought them. I really appreciate that. It is unfortunate he died early. His son, Ji, has already succeeded the peerage, but this is not enough of an award for [Tong's] achievements. Ji's elder brother, Xu, garrisoned at Fancheng, and also has achievements. The world acknowledging [Tong's] merits, Ji shall be General of the Household who Receives Righteousness and Xu shall be General of the Household who Pacifies Invaders. They shall be treated specially."

時賊張赤等五千餘家聚桃山，通攻破之。劉備與周瑜圍曹仁於江陵，別遣關羽絕北道。通率衆擊之，下馬拔鹿角入圍，且戰且前，以迎仁軍，勇冠諸將。通道得病薨，時年四十二。追增邑二百戶，并前四百戶。文帝踐阼，謚曰剛侯。詔曰：「昔袁紹之難，自許、蔡以南，人懷異心。通秉義不顧，使攜貳率服，朕甚嘉之。不幸早薨，子基雖已襲爵，未足醻其庸勳。基兄緒，前屯樊城，又有功。世篤其勞，以基為奉義中郎將，緒平虜中郎將，以寵異焉。」

Descendants

〔一〕Wang Yin's Book of Jin states: [Li] Xu's son was [Li] Bing, styled Xuanzhou. He was of exceptional talent, treasured by [people] of his time, and held office as high as Inspector of Qin province.

〔一〕王隱《晉書》曰：緒子秉，字玄冑，有儁才，為時所貴，官至秦州刺史。

[Li] Bing once answered questions for the Civil King of Sima, using it to make his family's instruction:

秉嘗荅司馬文王問，因以為家誡曰：

In the past, when I served the former emperor, it happened that three high-ranking officials together met [the Emperor]. When they were about to leave, the Emperor said, "A high-ranking official should be honest, prudent, and diligent. Cultivating these three, what improper governance is there to worry about?" All of them received the guidance. After [they] left, the Emperor turned to tell us all, "Was my exhortation to them just and reasonable in such a manner?" Of the various worthies serving beside the emperor, there was none that did not praise. The Emperor again asked, "When left with no choice, then of these three, which shall be the foremost?" Someone answered, "Honesty is certainly the foremost." [The Emperor] then next asked me and I answered, "The ways of honesty and prudence depend on each other to succeed. When left with no choice, prudence is the most important. One who is honest need not be prudent, but one who is prudent must certainly be honest; likewise, the benevolent must surely have courage, but the courageous need not be benevolent. Therefore the Book of Changes states that 'the tightened bag has no fault'* and 'to use white thatch as mat'**, all because prudence is the most superior." The emperor said, "Sir, your speech is reasonable. Could you list a few able prudent people of recent times?" The various people each did not know what to answer with, so I listed former Grand Commandant; Xun Jingqian, Secretariat; Dong Zhonglian [name unknown], and Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat; Wang Gongzhong [name unknown]; all of them could be said to be prudent. The emperor said, "All these people are gentle and respectful day and night, scrupulous in carrying out affairs, also respectively prudent. However,the realm's most prudent can only be Ruan Sizong! Every time I spoke with him, he talked of profound and distant [topics], but never once commented on current affairs [or] appraise people. He truly can be said to be the most prudent." Whenever I thought of this speech, I also believed it sufficient as a clear admonishment. When a man carries out matters or establishes their reputation when young, they must not be imprudent. Do not comment on others frivolously and do not comment on matters frivolously. If so, then where can regret be produced from? And disasters would have no means to arrive."

*the tightened bag has no fault - 括囊 is a metaphor for staying silent. The full line reads: “括囊无咎，慎不害也” [The tightened bag has no faults, prudence does not harm]. This is referencing how one who is careful with his words will not be faulted.

**to use white thatch as mat - 藉用白茅; the full line in the Book of Changes read: “藉用白茅，无咎” [To use white thatch as a mat therein are no faults]. The line came from a chapter about big mistakes/problems, and talks of sacrifices. So when one prepares his sacrifices [to gods] on a soft mat padded with soft white thatches, it shows one’s prudence in actions, and that the big problems will not occur/go away.

「昔侍坐於先帝，時有三長吏俱見。臨辭出，上曰：『為官長當清，當慎，當勤，脩此三者，何患不治乎？』並受詔。旣出，上顧謂吾等曰：『相誡勑正當爾不？』侍坐衆賢，莫不贊善。上又問曰：『必不得已，於斯三者何先？』或對曰：『清固為本。』次復問吾，對曰：『清慎之道，相須而成，必不得已，慎乃為大。夫清者不必慎，慎者必自清，亦由仁者必有勇，勇者不必有仁，是以《易》稱『括囊無咎』，『藉用白茅』，皆慎之至也。』上曰：『卿言得之爾。可舉近世能慎者誰乎？』諸人各未知所對，吾乃舉故太尉荀景倩、尚書董仲連、僕射王公仲並可謂為慎。上曰：『此諸人者，溫恭朝夕，執事有恪，亦各其慎也。然天下之至慎，其惟阮嗣宗乎！每與之言，言及玄遠，而未曾評論時事，臧否人物，真可謂至慎矣。』吾每思此言，亦足以為明誡。凡人行事，年少立身，不可不慎，勿輕論人，勿輕說事，如此則悔吝何由而生，患禍無從而至矣。」

[Li] Bing’s son was [Li] Chong, styled Maoceng. Famed when young, he held positions as Gentleman of the Civil Affairs Bureau and Grand Administrator of Pingyang.

秉子重，字茂曾。少知名，歷位吏部郎、平陽太守。

〔二〕 The Appraisal of Jin's Nobility states: [Li] Chong was known for being honest and noble. Chancellor of State; the Prince of Zhao; [Sima] Lun, because of [Li] Chong’s famous reputation, had him become Right Major, but [Li] Chong, because [Sima] Lun would rebel soon, claimed illness and did not take office. [Sima] Lun forced him [until he had] no choice, [Li] Chong then did not wish to survive; when he became severely ill, he [had to] be supported by arm to accept the position, but died few days later. He was posthumously made (sanqichanagshi). [Li] Chong had two younger brothers: [Li] Shang, styled Maozhong, and [Li] Ju, styled Maoyue. During Yongjia era, they both became grand administrators of commanderies; [Li] Ju reached Inspector of Jiang Province. [Li] Chong's son was [Li] Shi, styled Jingze, whose office reached Palace Attendant.

〔二〕《晉諸公贊》曰：重以清尚稱。相國趙王倫以重望取為右司馬。重以倫將為亂，辭疾不就。倫逼之不已，重遂不復自活，至於困篤，扶曳受拜，數日卒，贈散騎常侍。重二弟，尚字茂仲，矩字茂約，永嘉中並典郡；矩至江州刺史。重子式，字景則，官至侍中。

<details><summary>Biography of Xu Zhu - 許褚傳*</summary>

Xu Zhu, styled Zhongkang, was from Qiao, Qiao State. He was over 8 chi tall and a waist ten spans in girth. In appearance, he was mighty and resolute, his bravery and strength exceeding others.

許褚字仲康，譙國譙人也。長八尺餘，腰大十圍，容貌雄毅，勇力絕人。

During the end of the Han, he gathered young people as well as his kinsmen, numbering thousands of families, and they together strengthened a fortress to defend against bandits. At the time, bandits of Gebei, Runan, with over 10,000 people, attacked Zhu's fortress. Zhu's army was small and could not resist, but they fought hard and became extremely exhausted. When [Zhu's] army's arrows were exhausted, he then ordered men and women inside the fortress to gather and collect rocks that were like tubs [in size] and place them in the four corners. Zhu quickly had the rocks thrown at the [bandits], and those that were hit were all injured and crushed. The bandits did not dare advance. When provisions were exhausted, he pretended to make peace with the bandits, and used an ox to give to the bandits in exchange for food. When the bandits came to take the ox, the ox then rushed back [to the fortress]. Zhu then left the front of his ranks, used one hand to behind [himself] and drug the ox's tail, walking over 100 steps. The bandit army were all shocked, that they then did not dare take the ox and ran away. From this, those in the Huai [River], Ru, Chen, and Liang, heard of him, and all feared him greatly.

漢末，聚少年及宗族數千家，共堅壁以禦寇。時汝南葛陂賊萬餘人攻褚壁，褚衆少不敵，力戰疲極。兵矢盡，乃令壁中男女，聚治石如杅斗者置四隅。褚飛石擲之，所值皆摧碎。賊不敢進。糧乏，偽與賊和，以牛與賊易食，賊來取牛，牛輒奔還。褚乃出陳前，一手逆曳牛尾，行百餘步。賊衆驚，遂不敢取牛而走。由是淮、汝、陳、梁閒，聞皆畏憚之。

When the Grand Progenitor patrolled the Huai and Ru, Zhu had his army return to the Grand Progenitor. The Grand Progenitor met and was impressed by him, saying, "This is my Fan Kuai!" That day, he conferred him as Commandant, and recommended him to enter the night guards. Those that followed Zhu were a chivalrous sort, and all of them thus became Tiger Warriors. When he followed in the expedition against Zhang Xiu, being the first to ascend [the city walls], and beheading 10,000 people. He was shifted to be Colonel. He followed to suppress Yuan Shao at Guan Ferry. At the time, a Regular Following Warrior, Xu Ta, among others, plotted to act perversely. Because Zhu was often guarding left or right [of the Grand Progenitor], they feared him and did not dare act. They waited for Zhu to rest for the day, then Ta and the others hid their knives to [be able to] enter. When Zhu arrived at his residence, his mind felt troubled, so he immediately returned to attend [the Grand Progenitor]. Ta and the others did not know, so when they entered the tent and saw Zhu, they were very surprised and startled. Ta's facial expression changed and when Zhu became aware of this, he immediately struck and killed Ta and the others.

太祖徇淮、汝，褚以衆歸太祖。太祖見而壯之，曰：「此吾樊噲也。」即日拜都尉，引入宿衞。諸從褚俠客，皆以為虎士。從征張繡，先登，斬首萬計，遷校尉。從討袁紹於官渡。時常從士徐他等謀為逆，以褚常侍左右，憚之不敢發。伺褚休下日，他等懷刀入。褚至下舍心動，即還侍。他等不知，入帳見褚，大驚愕。他色變，褚覺之，即擊殺他等。

Zhu by nature was careful, cautious, and adhered to the law. He was honest and serious, with few words. Cao Ren came to the court to visit [the Grand Progenitor] from Jing Province; the Grand Progenitor had not yet left [his room] when [Ren] entered outside the hall and met Zhu. Ren called for Zhu to enter an informal room to sit and chat, but Zhu said, "The King is about to leave." He then returned into the hall, thus Ren resented him within. Someone reproached Zhu for this, saying, The one that Conquers the South is a royal relative and an important minister, moderating his thoughts to call for you, sir. Sir, for what reasons did you refuse him?" Zhu said, "Though he may be related and important [to our liege], he is outside [to guard against] the vassal state [Wu]. I defend as an inner servant. Publicly speaking would be sufficient. What privacy was needed to enter a room?" When the Grand Progenitor heard of this, he became more affectionate in his treatment towards [Zhu].

褚性謹慎奉法，質重少言。曹仁自荊州來朝謁，太祖未出，入與褚相見於殿外。仁呼褚入便坐語，褚曰：「王將出。」便還入殿，仁意恨之。或以責褚曰：「征南宗室重臣，降意呼君，君何故辭？」褚曰：「彼雖親重，外藩也。褚備內臣，衆談足矣，入室何私乎？」

When the Grand Progenitor died, Zhu cried loudly and vomitted blood. When the Civil Emperor tredded the steps, he further enfeoffed [Zhu] as Marquis of Wansui District, shifted him to be General of the Martial Guards and Cenntral Army Marshal over the Night Guards the Palace Troops. He was extremely close and near [the Emperor]. Previously, Zhu had led those that served as Tiger Warriors to follow in conquests and subjucations, and the Grand Progenitor believed them all strong warriors, so on the same day, they were conferred to be Generals, and later, because of their merits became Army Generals and enfeoffed as marquises, which numbered ten people. Those made Commandants and Colonels were over 100 people, and all were [talented] swordsmen. When the Bright Emperor ascended the throne, he advanced [Zhu] to be Marquis of Mou Township, the fief being 700 households, and bestowed his son as Marquis within the Passes. When Zhu died, his posthumous title was the Zhuang Marquis.

初，褚所將為虎士者從征伐，太祖以為皆壯士也，同日拜為將，其後以功為將軍封侯者數十人，都尉、校尉百餘人，皆劍客也。明帝即位，進牟鄉侯，邑七百戶，賜子爵一人關內侯。褚薨，謚曰壯侯。

His son, Yi, succeeded him. Zhu's elder brother was Ding, who also because of his military merits was conferred General who Shakes with Might and Marshal who Patrols Roads with Tiger Runners. During the Taihe era, the Emperor remembered Zhu's loyalty and filial piety, so he issued an edict praising and commending [Zhu], and again bestowed his son and grandson peerage of Marquises within the Passes. Yi was killed by Zhong Hui. In the beginning of the Taishi era, his son, Zong, succeeded him.

子儀嗣。褚兄定，亦以軍功封為振威將軍，都督徼道虎賁。太和中，帝思褚忠孝，下詔褒贊，復賜褚子孫二人爵關內侯。儀為鍾會所殺。泰始初，子綜嗣。

</details>

<details><summary>Biography of Pang De - 龐悳傳</summary>

Pang De, styled Lingming, was from Huandao, Nan'an.[1] When young, he served as a official for his commandery and a provinical clerk. During the Chuping era, he followed Ma Teng to strike the rebellious Qiang and revolting Di. He constantly had achievements, and was promoted to be Colonel. During the Jian'an era, when the Grand Progenitor suppressed Yuan Tan and Shang at Liyang, Tan sent Guo Yuan and Gao Gan among others to raid and take Hedong. The Grand Progenitor sent Zhong Yao to lead the various generals within the Passes to suppress them. De followed Teng's son, Chao, to oppose Yuan and Gan at Pingyang. De served as the army vanguard, advancing to attack Yuan and Gan, crushing them. He personally beheaded Yuan.[2] He was conferred General of the Household and enfeoffed as Marquis of a Capital District.

龐悳字令明，南安狟道人也。〔一〕少為郡吏州從事。初平中，從馬騰擊反羌叛氐。數有功，稍遷至校尉。建安中，太祖討袁譚、尚於黎陽，譚遣郭援、高幹等略取河東，太祖使鍾繇率關中諸將討之。悳隨騰子超拒援、幹於平陽，悳為軍鋒，進攻援、幹，大破之，親斬援首。〔二〕拜中郎將，封都亭侯。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕Huan is pronounced Huan.

〔一〕狟音桓。

〔二〕The Summary of Wei states: De himself beheaded one of them, not knowing it was Yuan. After the end of the battle, the soldiers all said Yuan died while not getting his head. Yuan was Zhong Yao's maternal nephew. After it became dark, De took the head out from his quiver. When Yao saw it, he cried. De apologized to Yao, yet Yao said, "Although Yuan was my maternal nephew, he was a traitor to the empire. Sir, why must you apologize for him?"

〔二〕《魏略》曰：悳手斬一級，不知是援。戰罷之後，衆人皆言援死而不得其首。援，鍾繇之甥。悳晚後於鞬中出一頭，繇見之而哭。悳謝繇，繇曰：「援雖我甥，乃國賊也。卿何謝之？」

</details>

After Zhang Baiqi revolted in Hongnong, De again followed Teng to conquer him, defeating Baiqi within the two sides of Xiao [Mountain]. Every time [De] fought, he often broke the enemy ranks and repelled his foes. His bravery was the greatest among Teng's army. After Teng was summoned to become Minister of the Guards; De remained under [Ma] Chao. When the Grand Progenitor defeated at Chao at Weinan, De followed Chao to escape into Hanyang, protecting Jicheng. Later, he again followed Chao to flee into Hanzhong, following Zhang Lu. When the Grand Progenitor stabilized Hanzhong, De followed the army [of Hanzhong] in surrendering. The Grand Progenitor always heard of his valiance and bravery, so he conferred him as General who Establishes Righteousness and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Guanmen District, the fief being 300 households.

後張白騎叛於弘農，悳復隨騰征之，破白騎於兩殽閒。每戰，常陷陣却敵，勇冠騰軍。後騰徵為衞尉，悳留屬超。太祖破超於渭南，悳隨超亡入漢陽，保兾城。後復隨超奔漢中，從張魯。太祖定漢中，悳隨衆降。太祖素聞其驍勇，拜立義將軍，封關門亭侯，邑三百戶。

When Hou Yin, Wei Kai, and others had Wan revolt, De led his subordinates; he and Cao Ren together attacked and captured Wan, beheading Yin and Kai. They then went south to garrison Fan, suppressing Guan Yu. The generals of Fan, because De's elder brother was in Hanzhong, suspected him considerably.[1] De often said, "I received the grace of this empire; for righteousness, I shall devote my life to death! I intend to personally strike Yu. This year, if I cannot kill Yu, Yu shall kill me!" Later, he personally fought in battle against Yu. He shot Yu in the forehead. At the time, De often rode a white horse, so Yu's army called him the White Horse General; they all feared him.

侯音、衞開等以宛叛，悳將所領與曹仁共攻拔宛，斬音、開，遂南屯樊，討關羽。樊下諸將以悳兄在漢中，頗疑之。〔一〕悳常曰：「我受國恩，義在效死。我欲身自擊羽。今年我不殺羽，羽當殺我。」後親與羽交戰，射羽中額。時悳常乘白馬，羽軍謂之白馬將軍，皆憚之。

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕The Summary of Wei states: De's elder cousin was named Rou. At the time, he was in Shu.

〔一〕《魏略》曰：悳從兄名柔，時在蜀。

</details>

Ren sent De to garrison ten li north of Fan. The weather happened to rain heavily for over 10 days, that the Han River suddenly flooded, with the flat ground of Fan 5 or 6 zhang [deep in water]. De and the other generals avoided by water by ascending an embankment. Yu rode ships to attack them, using the large ships on four sides to shoot the embankment's top. De donned armor and held a bow, his arrows not missing [their target]. When General Dong Heng and Subordinate General Dong Chao among others wanted to surrender, De had them all arrested and beheaded. From daybreak, they fought with all their might until the afternoon. Yu's attack became increasingly severe, and when their arrows were exhausted, they used short weapons to engage in battle. De told his general, Cheng He, "I heard that a good general does not dread death by escaping danger and that a fierce warrior would not damage his integrity by saving himself. Today is my day of death!" In the battle, he grew increasingly angry and his energy became more boldened. But as the water gradually submerged [the embankment], the soldiers all surrendered. Hui and one subordinate general along with two squad captains, drew their bows with attached arrows, and rode a small boat, wanting to return to Ren's camp. The water surged and the boat capsized, that they lost their bows and arrows. [De] alone embraced the capsized boat in the water and was captured by Yu. [De] stood and did not kneel. Yu called to him, saying, "Your elder brother is in Hanzhong and I want to make you my general. Why are you not quickly surrendering?" De scolded Yu, saying, "Slave, why tell me to surrender? The King of Wei's armored soldiers number 10,000,000 and his might shakes the entire world. Your Liu Bei is mediocre in talent, nothing more to him. How could he resist [the King of Wei]? I would rather be the empire's ghost and not become a traitorous general!" Thus he was killed by Yu. When the Grand Progenitor heard this, he was sorrowful over this, and shed tears because of this. He enfeoffed [De's] two sons as marquises.

仁使悳屯樊北十里，會天霖雨十餘日，漢水暴溢，樊下平地五六丈，悳與諸將避水上隄。羽乘船攻之，以大船四面射隄上。悳被甲持弓，箭不虛發。將軍董衡、部曲將董超等欲降，悳皆收斬之。自平旦力戰至日過中，羽攻益急，矢盡，短兵接戰。悳謂督將成何曰：「吾聞良將不怯死以苟免，烈士不毀節以求生，今日，我死日也。」戰益怒，氣愈壯，而水浸盛，吏士皆降。悳與麾下將一人，伍伯二人，彎弓傅矢，乘小船欲還仁營。水盛船覆，失弓矢，獨抱船覆水中，為羽所得，立而不跪。羽謂曰：「卿兄在漢中，我欲以卿為將，不早降何為？」悳罵羽曰：「豎子，何謂降也！魏王帶甲百萬，威振天下。汝劉備庸才耳，豈能敵邪！我寧為國家鬼，不為賊將也。」遂為羽所殺。太祖聞而悲之，為之流涕，封其二子為列侯。

When the Civil Emperor ascended the throne, he sent someone to De's tomb to bestow him a posthumous title. The order stated, "Of old, Xianzhen lost his head and Wang Zhu broke his neck. They died by following their integrity, which previous dynasties admired. Indeed, this marquis' military prowess is apparent and his resoluteness was firm. When he experienced danger, he succeeded in his reputation; such a reputation was famous at the time. His righteousness is the greatest among the past. I pity him. His posthumous title shall be the Zhuang Marquis." He also bestowed his son, Hui and three others, with peerage of Marquises within the Passes. Hui was brave and valiant, and he had his father's style. His office reached General Among Lieutenants and was enfeoffed as a Marquis.

文帝即王位，乃遣使就悳墓賜謚，策曰：「昔先軫喪元，王蠋絕脰，隕身徇節，前代美之。惟侯戎昭果毅，蹈難成名，聲溢當時，義高在昔，寡人愍焉，謚曰壯侯。」又賜子會等四人爵關內侯，邑各百戶。會勇烈有父風，官至中尉將軍，封列侯。〔一〕

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]</summary>

〔一〕Wang Yin's Annals of Shu states: When Zhong Hui pacified Shu, before and after he drummed and exclaimed [for his revolt], he received De's corpse and had it return to be buried in Ye. In the mound, his face was if he were alive.

〔一〕王隱《蜀記》曰：鍾會平蜀，前後鼓吹，迎悳屍喪還葬鄴，冢中身首如生。

Your servant Songzhi examines that: De died in Fancheng; when the Civil Emperor ascended the throne, he also sent envoys to be at De's tomb. Therefore, his corpse could not have been in Shu. This is a falsehood of Wang Yin.

臣松之案悳死於樊城，文帝即位，又遣使至悳墓所，則其屍喪不應在蜀。此王隱之虛說也。

</details>

</details>

<details><summary>Biography of Pang Yu - 龐淯傳*</summary>

Pang Yu, styled Ziyi, was from Biaoshi, Jiuquan. He previously was a Clerk of Liang Province acted as Chief of Poqiang. It happened that the Grand Administrator of Wuwei; Zhang Meng rebelled, killing the Inspector; Handan Sheng. Meng's command stated, "If there are those that dare to approach Sheng's corpse, their death will not be pardoned." When Yu heard of this, he abandoned his post, day and night, he hurried over, loudly crying at the corpse until he stopped, then he went to Meng's house, concealing a dagger, wanting to use the meeting to kill Meng. Meng knew that he was a righteous man, thus he commanded those sent [to Yu] not to kill him. From this, [Yu's] loyalty and vigor became known.

龐淯字子異，酒泉表氏人也。初以涼州從事守破羌長，會武威太守張猛反，殺刺史邯鄲商，猛令曰：「敢有臨商喪，死不赦。」淯聞之，棄官，晝夜奔走，號哭喪所訖，詣猛門，衷匕首，欲因見以殺猛。猛知其義士，勑遣不殺，由是以忠烈聞。〔一〕

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]*</summary>

〔一〕The Summary of Wei states: Meng's troops wanted to bring a binded Yu, but when Meng heard of that, he sighed and said, "I am guilty because I killed my Inspector, while that man [Yu] is renowned because of his extreme loyalty. If I also kill him, how would that encourage this province's righteous scholars [to join me]?" Thus he allowed him to wear mourning clothes.

〔一〕《魏略》曰：猛兵欲來縛淯，猛聞之，歎曰：「猛以殺刺史為罪。此人以至忠為名，如又殺之，何以勸一州履義之士邪！」遂使行服。

The Dianlüe states: Zhang Meng, styled Shuwei, was originally from Dunhuang. Meng's father was Huan, who during the Huan Emperor's reign, successively served as a commandery administrator, General of the Household, and Minister of Ceremonies, thus living in Huayin, and when he died, was then buried there.

《典略》曰：張猛字叔威，本燉煌人也。猛父奐，桓帝時仕歷郡守、中郎將、太常，遂居華陰，終因葬焉。

In the beginning of the Jian'an era, Meng served his commandery as a gongcao. At the time, because the four commanderies west of the [Yellow] River were separated from Liang Province's administrative center from afar, and because they were blocked by the [Yellow] River bandits, they petitioned, requesting to be separated and install a [new] province. An edict had Handan Sheng of Chenliu serve as Inspector of Yong Province, leaving to govern the four commanderies. At the time, the [post of] Grand Administrator of Wuwei was vacant, so the edict also, because of Meng's father's formerly had a mighty reputation west of the [Yellow] River, had Meng fill it. Sheng and Meng both went west.

建安初，猛仕郡為功曹，是時河西四郡以去涼州治遠，隔以河寇，上書求別置州。詔以陳留人邯鄲商為雍州刺史，別典四郡。時武威太守缺，詔又以猛父昔在河西有威名，乃以猛補之。商、猛俱西。

Previously, Meng and Sheng were of the same age. They constantly mocked and belittled each other, so when they together served in their posts, along the way, they then reproached and complained against each other. When they arrived, Sheng wanted to execute Meng. When Meng became aware of that, he then led his troops to attack Sheng. Sheng's administrative office and Meng were very close to each other. When Sheng heard [Meng's] troops arrived, he fearfully and dreadfully ascended his building. He called Meng by his style name, saying, "Shuwei, do you want to kill me? But once I am dead, it will become known, and you will also be executed. I beseech that you make peace and resolve this. Is this possible?" Meng then called, saying, "Come!" XXX

初，猛與商同歲，每相戲侮，及共之官，行道更相責望。曁到，商欲誅猛。猛覺之，遂勒兵攻商。商治舍與猛側近，商聞兵至，恐怖登屋，呼猛字曰：「叔威，汝欲殺我耶？然我死者有知，汝亦族矣。請和解，尚可乎？」猛因呼曰；「來。」商踰屋就猛，猛因責數之，語畢，以商屬督郵。督郵錄商，閉置傳舍。後商欲逃，事覺，遂殺之。是歲建安十四年也。

至十五年，將軍韓遂自上討猛，猛發兵遣軍東拒。其吏民畏遂，乃反共攻猛。初奐為武威太守時，猛方在孕。母夢帶奐印綬，登樓而歌，旦以告奐。奐訊占夢者，曰：「夫人方生男，後當復臨此郡，其必死官乎！」及猛被攻，自知必死，曰：「使死者無知則已矣，若有知，豈使吾頭東過華陰歷先君之墓乎？」乃登樓自燒而死。

</details>

The Grand Administrator; Xu Yi invited [Yu] to become his Registrar. Later, when Huang Ang of the commandery rebelled, he sieged the city. Yu left his wife and child(ren) and overnight, climbed the city and left the siege, informing urgently [of the siege] to the two commanderies of Zhangye and Dunhuang Commanderies. They were previously hesitant and unwilling to send troops, but when Yu intended to slit his throat, the two commanderies were touched by his righteousness, thus they mobilized their army. Before the army arrived, the commandery city had already fallen, and Yi was killed. Yu then collected Yi's corpse, having it returned to [Yi's] home commandery. [Yu] wore mourning clothes for three years before he reverted [back to normal]. When the Grand Progenitor heard this, he recruited [Yu] to be his staff. When the Civil Emperor tredded the steps, [Yu] was conferred to be Commandant of the Surplus Cavalry, then shifted to be Grand Administrator of Xihai, and was bestowed peerage of Marquis within the Passes. Later, he was summoned to be conferred as Palace Attendant Grandee. When he died, his son, Zeng, succeeded him.

太守徐揖請為主簿。後郡人黃昂反，圍城。淯棄妻子，夜踰城出圍，告急於張掖、燉煌二郡。初疑未肯發兵，淯欲伏劒，二郡感其義，遂為興兵。軍未至而郡城邑已陷，揖死。淯乃收歛揖喪，送還本郡，行服三年乃還。太祖聞之，辟為掾屬。文帝踐阼，拜駙馬都尉，遷西海太守，賜爵關內侯。後徵拜中散大夫。薨，子曾嗣。

Previously, Yu's maternal grandfather, Zhao An, was killed by Li Shou of the same county, and Yu's three maternal uncles fell ill and died at the same time. Shou's family was pleased. Yu's mother, E, suffered from her father's feud not being avenged, thus she rode a curtained chariot with a blade within her sleeves. During the day, she stabbed Shou before the administrative center, and when she finished, she calmly went to the county [center], her facial expression not changing. She said [to the officials], "I have already avenged my father. I request to receive my punishment." The Chief of Lufu; Yin Jia

〔一〕

<summary>[Pei Songzhi's Annotations]*</summary>

〔一〕Hungfu Mi's Biography of Exemplar Women states: An exemplar woman of Jiuquan, Pang Eqin, was Pang Zixia of Biaoshi's wife and Zhao Fu'an of Fulu's daughter. Fu'an was killed by Li Shou of the same county. Eqin had three younger brothers, all of whom wanted to avenge the feud, so Shou carefully made preparations [against them]. At the time, a plague calamity struck, and the three men all died. When Shou heard this, he was elated, invited and assembled his kinsmen, and together celebrated and congratulated each other. He said, "The strong and able of the Zhao clan are all exterminated! They only have a weak daughter! How is she sufficient to cause me fear?" So his preparations were relaxed. Eqin's son, Yu, had left when he heard Shou's words, so he returned to inform Eqin. Eqin always had the mindset to repay the feud, but when she heard Shou's words, such feelings were deepened even more, and she sadly shed tears, saying, "Li Shou, you should not be happy! I will die without you alive! I only walk within Heaven and Earth to avenge the disgrace to my family and my three sons! How will you know that I will not personally kill you and that I hope for such fortune?" She hid her sword in her clothes. When hiding it, she appeared strong, but when holding it, she appeared weak. Day and night, she grieved bitterly, and her aspiration was to kill Shou.

皇甫謐《列女傳》曰：酒泉烈女龐娥親者，表氏龐子夏之妻，祿福趙君安之女也。君安為同縣李壽所殺，娥親有男弟三人，皆欲報讎，壽深以為備。會遭災疫，三人皆死。壽聞大喜，請會宗族，共相慶賀，云：「趙氏強壯已盡，唯有女弱，何足復憂！」防備懈弛。娥親子淯出行，聞壽此言，還以啟娥親。娥親旣素有報讎之心，及聞壽言，感激愈深，愴然隕涕曰：「李壽，汝莫喜也，終不活汝！戴履天地，為吾門戶，吾三子之羞也。焉知娥親不手刃殺汝，而自儌倖邪？」陰巿名刀，挾長持短，晝夜哀酸，志在殺壽。

Shou as a man was violent and arrogant. When he heard Eqin's words, he then rode his horse with his sword on his waist. The townspeople all feared and dreaded him.

壽為人凶豪，聞娥親之言，更乘馬帶刀，鄉人皆畏憚之。

比鄰有徐氏婦，憂娥親不能制，恐逆見中害，每諫止之，曰：「李壽，男子也，凶惡有素，加今備衞在身。趙雖有猛烈之志，而彊弱不敵。邂逅不制，則為重受禍於壽，絕滅門戶，痛辱不輕也。願詳舉動，為門戶之計。」娥親曰：「父母之讎，不同天地共日月者也。李壽不死，娥親視息世間，活復何求！今雖三弟早死，門戶泯絕，而娥親猶在，豈可假手於人哉！若以卿心況我，則李壽不可得殺；論我之心，壽必為我所殺明矣。」夜數磨礪所持刀訖，扼腕切齒，悲涕長歎，家人及鄰里咸共笑之。娥親謂左右曰：「卿等笑我，直以我女弱不能殺壽故也。要當以壽頸血汙此刀刃，令汝輩見之。」遂棄家事，乘鹿車伺壽。

至光和二年二月上旬，以白日清時，於都亭之前，與壽相遇，便下車扣壽馬，叱之。壽驚愕，迴馬欲走。娥親奮刀斫之，并傷其馬。馬驚，壽擠道邊溝中。娥親尋復就地斫之，探中樹蘭，折所持刀。壽被創未死，娥親因前欲取壽所佩刀殺壽，壽護刀瞋目大呼，跳梁而起。娥親迺挺身奮手，左抵其額，右樁其喉，反覆盤旋，應手而倒。遂拔其刀以截壽頤，持詣都亭，歸罪有司，徐步詣獄，辭顏不變。

時祿福長漢陽尹嘉不忍論娥親，即解印綬去官，弛法縱之。娥親曰：「讎塞身死，妾之明分也。治獄制刑，君之常典也。何敢貪生以枉官法？」鄉人聞之，傾城奔往，觀者如堵焉，莫不為之悲喜慷慨嗟嘆也。守尉不敢公縱，陰語使去，以便宜自匿。娥親抗聲大言曰：「枉法逃死，非妾本心。今讎人已雪，死則妾分，乞得歸法以全國體。雖復萬死，於娥親畢足，不敢貪生為明廷負也。」尉故不聽所執，娥親復言曰：「匹婦雖微，猶知憲制。殺人之罪，法所不縱。今旣犯之，義無可逃。乞就刑戮，隕身朝巿，肅明王法，娥親之願也。」辭氣愈厲，面無懼色。尉知其難奪，彊載還家。

The Ode stated, "To ready my dagger-axe and spear [against] our mutual foe," which can be said of Eqin.

涼州刺史周洪、酒泉太守劉班等並共表上，稱其烈義，刊石立碑，顯其門閭。太常弘農張奐貴尚所履，以束帛二十端禮之。海內聞之者，莫不改容贊善，高大其義。故黃門侍郎安定梁寬追述娥親，為其作傳。玄晏先生以為父母之讎，不與共天地，蓋男子之所為也。而娥親以女弱之微，念父辱之酷痛，感讎黨之凶言，奮劒仇頸，人馬俱摧，塞亡父之怨魂，雪三弟之永恨，近古以來，未之有也。詩云「脩我戈矛，與子同仇」，娥親之謂也。

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<details><summary>Commentary</summary>

Commentary: Li Dian was noble and furthermore scholarly and elegant. His righteousness surpassed his personal dislike. How great! [UNTRANSLATED]

評曰：李典貴尚儒雅，義忘私隙，美矣。李通、臧霸、文聘、呂虔鎮衛州郡，並著威惠。許褚、典韋折衝左右，抑亦漢之樊噲也。龐悳授命叱敵，有周苛之節。龐淯不憚伏劒，而誠感鄰國。閻溫向城大呼，齊解、路之烈焉。

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