The Sérénade mélancolique in B-flat minor for violin and orchestra, Op. 26, was written by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in February 1875. It was his first work for violin and orchestra, and was written immediately after completing the Piano Concerto No. 1 in B-flat minor.
The piece is originally orchestrated for solo violin, pairs of flutes, oboes, clarinets in B-flat and bassoons, four horns in F and the usual strings. Furthermore, there are various arrangements for violin and piano, including the composer's own arrangement.