The Astronomical League's Radio Astronomy Observing Program
Steve Boerner
sboerner@charter.net
Astronomical League Member at Large
Click here to go to the Galactic Portion of the Radio Astronomy Program.
Observing the Sun with an Itty Bitty Radio Telescope
The Gold Level is intended to take the Radio Astronomer to the advanced level of experience that has included a broad variety of observing and a sophisticated level of observing. To obtain this level, the applicant must have met the requirements of the Silver Level and Bronze Level (#3-B, #2-S).
1. be a member of the Astronomical League, either as a club member or as a member at large.
2. have observed four of the five categories of Radio Sources: Space weather(Silver), the Sun(Gold), Meteors(Bronze), Planetary, and Galactic(Gold) . One of which must be the Observing Galactic Radio Sources category.
3. have observed with four different instruments; two of which, you have personally built/ assembled.
(I built the antennas for the Meteor and Space Weather portions of the program along with the IBT described below).
4. have observed galactic radio sources as outlined in the above Observing Galactic Radio Sources section. These observations may be done using equipment that you may or may not have built but you must be actively engaged in the operation / collection process. Completion of the Observing Galactic Radio Source category is mandatory for the Gold level.
Two projects need to be done to successfully complete the Gold level. This page describes the activities done for the Sun with an Itty Bitty Telescope. The second project using the 40 foot Green Bank NRAO dish for Galactic and Extra Galactic Radio Sources is described here.
Observing the Sun
The Sun generates radio waves that can be observed with the Itty Bitty Telescope (IBT). The IBT is a “starter” instrument that can be used to make observations of the sun, detect your own body radiation, or locate orbiting satellites. Visit http://www.gb.nrao.edu/epo/ibt.shtml for more information and directions on how to construct the telescope. (Cost ~$100 or less depending on materials purchased)
Requirements: Observations of the Sun must be made on three different occasions at least 24 hours apart. Still images along with an observing log, including date and time of the observations, or video of the individual using the IBT to observe the Sun, should be submitted.
Day #1: Building and testing
July 15, 2016 3:00 - 4:45 p.m.
A beautiful view of my Itty-bitty dish and three trash cans sitting on the back deck after I got home from Green Bank.
The dish is just about in the correct "sweet" spot for picking up the sun.
When I got home I installed a cable to the second LNB for future use with my laptop and SDR.
My initial plan in the spring of 2015 to use Carl Turek's dish didn't work out. He needed it back so he could "hide" a HAM antenna from his HOA. I put the gold Radio Astronomy Program on he back burner until I could figure out a way to accomplish the required Galactic portion.
I found out contact information for and getting trained on the Green Bank 40' dish from Terry Trees in the spring of 2016. As a result I went to the 2016 Green Bank StarQuest and had the opportunity to build my own Itty Bitty in a session with Tom Crowley from S.A.R.A. Brian Tobias and I were camped next to each other and pretty much worked together on the project build. Constructing the kit followed the directions at http://nightsky.jpl.nasa.gov/docs/ibtmanual2.pdf/. The build with the S.A.R.A. kit went well and eight people made their own IBTs. There was a wide range of DIY skills so some were much slower, but Tom had the needed tools and has the process down to a science. A big plus is that his wife is a saint. The only problem encountered was the plywood disk for the tape measure scale were too big...37" circumference, not 36". Some people glued anyway for what would b a 370 degree circle, but I opted to use a pencil and make my own 360 degree marks as shown in the picture to the right.
Part of the building session was to take the IBT outside after completion and test it. A few people had problems, but mine worked first time out. After nulling out the detector while pointed at the blank sky, I discovered the sweet spot where the Sun's shadow needed to be and mine worked like a champ...beeping like crazy when pointed at the Sun. Putting eight of these on the Sun at the same time really makes a racket. As noted in the various on line references, point the IBT at buildings, people, or trees also causes the signal to rise. The signal from the trees were obvious, but it was interesting to discover that the Green Bank Visitor Center in the shade or my hand could cause the detector to go off. I didn't take any pictures of the construction because I didn't take a camera along on the trip due to the Green Bank restrictions.
Will I get any real data from the dish? Probably not, but it is fun to play with. I do see it being used as part of our club's daytime solar outreach, particularly being used to get people to realize that there is more to light than meets the eye.
Between the initial build and the next "official" day of use I had the IBT out numerous times including as a prop at a Solar Outreach day at Discovery Ridge Elementary School. It is sad to say, but every time they schedule our club for daytime solar activities we get rain and clouds. I ended up inside talking about Radio Astronomy and the Itty-Bitty made a nice model.
Closer view of the base showing my hand drawn 0-360 degree marks.
Sweet spot location on the LNB arm
Day #2: Modifying and playing
October 6, 2016 9:35 - 10:10 a.m.
With all the playing I noticed the lazy susan bearing seems to spin too freely so I put some felt pads between the disc and the base to dampen it. I also wanted to construct a EQ wedge to make locating the Sun easier from RA/Dec data when aligned north/south. The EQ mounting would make things like tracking the sun and finding the dish FOV easier. However, the weighting of the satellite dish make using it pretty unwieldy and difficult. It is better to use in the Alt/Az mode!
Close up of felt pads
Meter on the sun
Meter on background sky
Day #3: St. Louis Solar Eclipse Expo
June 17, 2017 8:30 a.m.- 4:00 p.m.
The line waiting to get into the expo with my IBT on the cart in the left center and my 50mm Lunt on the left. Note the soft shadows showing the cloud cover in both pictures.
Me in the white shirt to the left of the cart with the IBT. Note the sun screen on top of the blue clipboard on bottom of the cart. You might notice that the IBT dish has been tipped back from vertical. I did this because the sun was too high in the sky to pick up unless the dish was tipped back. You can also see a Sun Funnel on a cheap refractor.
The August 2017 eclipse passes through the western and southern suburbs of St. Louis. Friend Don Ficken organized the "St. Louis Solar Eclipse Expo" for over 5000 people at Queeny Park about 10 minutes from the house. Don wanted some club members to set up solar scopes outside to give the public views. My original plans were to bring my 50mm Lunt THa and a funnel scope.
The weather forecast for the day called for early rain and clouds so at the last minute I thought I'd bring along the IBT in case the clouds were thick. I figured that a radio telescope could "see" through the clouds if they were too thick for normal scopes. As things worked out I was partially correct and the iBT did get a bit of workout when the scope views were dismal. So much so that I had to change batteries twice.
I used two different procedures to help the public (they did the actual hands on) locate the sun in the IBT.
If any shadows could be seen, I showed them what to expect to hear by waving my hand in front of the dish to get the beep and then showed them whereto locate the "sweet spot" on the arm.
If the clouds were too thick for shadows I showed them how to find the needed Alt/Az with SkySafari and then to move the IBT using the Az scale and set the altitude with a Harbor Freight digital inclinometer. Since there are no flat places perpendicular to the beam we did need to add 30 degrees to the inclinometers value.
I will admit that after a while the beep of the satellite finder got really old with over 300 people using the IBT during the course of the day.
FWIW weather wise it was typical St. Louis in the summer...highs in the 90s, humidity in the 90s, and heat index in the high 90s...standing out in the sun ...a true joy to be out there! Making things worse, the next day with the same equipment seven of us did a seven hour repeat performance celebrating International SUNDay at the Lewis & Clark Confluence Tower (http://www.confluencetower.com/). I didn't add this day as it wasn't 24 hour removed from the Queeny Park event.
Sweet spot with main support tipped back
Az axis scale set to sun's location
Alt axis scale set to sun's location
Day #4: Doing Something Different
August 21, 2017 11:30 a.m. CDT-3:00 p.m. CDT
I've been sitting on this last observation for quite some time. I think it has to do with the fact that from what I've seen everybody does the same IBT activities. Well, I finally figured out something different! Monitor the sun's level during a total eclipse. I get 1 minute 30 seconds of totality in my front yard with about 90minutes of partial on both sides.
My plan is to start at 11:30 a.m. and every fifteen minutes, center the sun in the IBT for the highest meter reading and log that value. If I do it religiously every 15 minutes I'll miss totality by about 1 minute, but I'll be busy there doing other things.
Well it kind of worked. I did look every fifteen minutes or so, but the IBT's meter really isn't up for the task. I tried to adjust the full scale deflection of the meter on clear sky before the first contact, but the knob is just too sensitive. Since the IBT wasn't calibrated, it pretty much pegged all of the time. Close to totality it was less but still not enough good data to make a graph. Yes, it went down as expected, but I couldn't tell how much. In retrospect it might have been better to use the SDR dongle with my laptop, but it was busy imaging.
FWIW the sky was a pretty shade of blue for totality unlike western Missouri and apparently some local locations. All things considered it was a fantastic event.
Here's the IBT about 5 minutes after the end of totality here. Do notice the celebratory Corona.