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(プログラム最終版, 2016/8/23)

(会場詳細決定, 2016/8/2)

(プログラム詳細決定, 2016/7/20)

日付:

2016年9月3日(土)

会場:

香川大学南1号館2階E22教室

地図・交通:

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プログラム

第1セッション: 午前の部

座長:

若森直樹

(東京大学)

10:00-11:05

Identification and Estimation of Production Function with Unobserved Heterogeneity

Abstract:

This paper examines non-parametric identifiability of production function when production functions are heterogenous across firms beyond Hicks-neutral technology terms. Using a finite mixture specification to capture unobserved heterogeneity in production technology, we show that production function for each unobserved type is non-parametrically identified under regularity conditions. We estimate a random coefficients production function using the panel data of Japanese publicly-traded manufacturing firms and compare it with the estimate of production function with fixed coefficients estimated by the method of Gandhi, Navarro, and Rivers (2013). Our estimates for random coefficients production function suggest that there exists substantial heterogeneity in production function coefficients beyond Hicks neutral term across firms within narrowly defined industry.

報告者:

鈴木通雄

(東京大学)

討論者:

中嶋亮

(慶應義塾大学)

11:05-11:10

休憩

11:10-12:15

Measures to Promote Green Cars: Evaluation at the Car Variant Level

Abstract:

Automobile firms commonly offer multiple variants for each of their car models. Heterogeneity at the variant level is an important element to be considered when assessing attribute-based policy interventions, such as tax incentives and subsidy for green cars, because of substantial variant-level heterogeneity in the attributes within a model. This paper presents a discrete choice model of product differentiation at the variant level, and estimates the structural parameters of the econometric model using data at different levels of aggregation: model-level sales and variant-level prices and attributes. Using these estimates, this paper examines the policies to promote green cars in Japan.

報告者:

北野泰樹

(青山学院大学)

討論者:

村田安寧

(日本大学)

12:15-13:30

休憩

第2セッション: 午後の部 I

座長:

田中隆一

(東京大学)

13:30-14:35

Monetary Incentives for Corporate Inventors: Intrinsic Motivation, Project Selection and Inventive Performance

Abstract:

Using novel panel data on Japanese corporate inventors, we investigate how monetary incentives affect their project selection and performance, how they interact with the strength of intrinsic motivation, and how the observed pattern varies across technical fields. We first develop a theoretical model to analyze the firm’s optimal reaction to the court decision in Japan in the early 2000s that discontinuously raised the legal risk and subsequent changes in the behavior of corporate inventors. We then tested the model predictions using novel panel data on Japanese inventors. Our major findings are: (1) many firms responded to an increase in the legal risk by raising monetary incentives and such reaction was especially prominent in industries where the share of extremely valuable patents was high; (2) introducing or increasing revenue-based payments significantly decreased the use of science in R&D projects; (3) the strength of intrinsic motivation is significantly associated with the inventor’s use of science and patent productivity; (4) the effect on the use of science in R&D projects exhibits non-monotonic relationship with respect to the strength of intrinsic motivation-negative only for those with mild science motivation; and (5) the effects on science intensity and inventor productivity are more likely to be negative in industries where the share of extremely valuable patents is high. The results are largely consistent with our theoretical predictions implying that strengthening monetary incentives changes project selection towards less risky and less exploratory ones. As a result, increased monetary incentives did not improve the patent productivity on average.

報告者:

大湾秀雄

(東京大学)

討論者:

芦谷政浩

(神戸大学)

14:35-14:40

休憩

14:40-15:45

The Strength of Long Ties and the Weakness of Strong Ties: Knowledge Diffusion through Supply Chain Networks

Abstract:

Using a large firm-level panel dataset for Japan, this paper examines the effects of the structure of supply chain networks on productivity and innovation capability through knowledge diffusion. We find that ties with distant suppliers improve productivity (as measured by sales per worker) more than ties with neighboring suppliers, which is likely because distant firms’ intermediates embody more diversified knowledge than those from neighboring firms. Ties with neighboring clients improve productivity more than ties with distant clients, which is likely because neighboring clients more effectively diffuse disembodied knowledge than distant clients. By contrast, ties with distant suppliers and clients improve innovative capability (as measured by the number of registered patents), whereas ties with neighboring suppliers or clients do not affect innovative capability. In addition, the density of a firm's ego network (as measured by how densely its supply chain partners transact with one another) has a negative effect on productivity and innovative capability, implying knowledge redundancy in dense networks. These results suggest that access to diversified ties is important for improving productivity and innovation capability through knowledge diffusion.

報告者:

井上寛康

(兵庫県立大学)

討論者:

瀧井克也

(大阪大学)

15:45-16:00

休憩

第3セッション: 午後の部 II

座長:

川田恵介

(広島大学)

16:00-17:05

Patent Law Harmonization and International Trade

Abstract:

Global harmonization of intellectual property rights is one of the major challenges in multilateral or regional trade negotiations. This study empirically examines the relation between harmonization of patent rights system and international trade flow based on world bilateral trade data during 1995-2005. Aside from methods of previous studies on this topic, this study uses a structural gravity model based on a translog demand system. The results reveal that similarity in patent system between exporter and importer raises bilateral trade share in patent-sensitive industries. This result is robust to the model with additional variables that affect trade costs.

報告者:

伊藤萬里

(青山学院大学)

討論者:

高塚創

(香川大学)

17:05-17:10

休憩

17:10-18:15

Inflation as a Long-run Optimal Policy in an Open Economy

Abstract:

This paper introduces the Calvo-style sticky price model with trend inflation into a classical two-country Ricardian trade model, and provides novel implications of the interactions of the nominal-side and real-side in the long-run steady state equilibrium. First, the pattern of trade relates to the industry-level price and productivity, and the industry-level price and productivity in turn depend on the country's inflation rate and the degree of price stickiness of each industry. As a result, the monetary policy has different impacts across industries, and hence it may act as a trade policy in the long-run. Second, the optimal inflation rate in the open-economy is positive under some parameter values, contrary to the standard closed-economy sticky price models which imply that the optimal inflation rate is zero. The inflation rate affects the terms of trade through changing the relative productivity across industries. Such a manipulation of the terms of trade is a source of the welfare gain of the country.

報告者:

石瀬寛和

(大阪大学)

討論者:

清田耕造

(慶應義塾大学)

懇親会

注: それぞれ報告40分，予定討論10分，一般討論15分を予定しています．