日時: 2006年7月15日(土曜日) 14:00-18:00
場所: 政策研究大学院大学 1階 1B会議室
地図: http://www.grips.ac.jp/jp/docs/map.pdf
14:00-15:50
講演者: 岡本亮介氏 (政策研究大学院大学)
題目: 日本の空港機能配分:空間経済の視点から
概要: 空港整備に関わる費用便益分析において、考慮すべき項目とその計測方法について整理する。日本の空港機能配分の歪みをもたらしている諸要因を空間経済学の視点から整理し、改善の方向性について議論する。一部の政策については、便益の概算値を簡単な数値計算により示す。
16:10-18:00
講演者: 中島賢太郎氏 (東京大学大学院 経済学研究科)
題目: The Effect of Knowledge Accessibility on International Income Inequality
概要: Using a structural model of new economic geography, we estimate the effect of accessibility to foreign knowledge on international income distribution. Whereas previous literature has mainly focused on the importance of geographical accessibility to foreign markets, this paper emphasizes the role of accessibility to foreign knowledge in determining international income inequality. Using cross-country data of income per worker, bilateral trade flows, and number of flight passengers, we find evidence that the accessibility to foreign knowledge raises per capita income significantly.
日時: 2006年8月9日(水曜日) 14:00-18:00
場所: 政策研究大学院大学 1階 1B会議室
地図: http://www.grips.ac.jp/jp/docs/map.pdf
14:00-15:50
講演者: 祝迫達郎氏 (立命館大学 経済学部)
題目: Patent Enforcement, Capital Accumulation, and Economic Growth
概要: We investigate how patent policy affects economic growth in an endogenous growth model in which both innovation and capital accumulation are driving forces of economic growth. In endogenous growth models with only innovation, tightening patent protection necessarily enhances economic growth. In the present model, stronger patent protection raises the rate of innovation but reduces the rental rate of capital, and thus accelerates innovation but discourages capital accumulation. Consequently, strengthening patent protection may reduce the growth rate of output. This result contrasts with those of growth models with only innovation. In addition, the growth-maximizing degree of patent protection is lower than the maximum degree of patent protection. We also investigate how patent protection affects social welfare and show that the welfare-maximizing degree of patent protection is lower than the growth-maximizing degree of patent protection.
16:10-18:00
講演者: 杉本佳亮氏 (大阪大学 社会経済研究所)
題目: Endogenous Globalization and Income Divergence
概要: This paper develops a growth theory that accounts for the evolution of trade policy, underlying internal class conflicts, and global income divergence over the last few centuries. By analyzing political responses to the distributional effects of international trade, this paper finds a prominent interaction between trade policy and the pattern of economic development, and suggests that the nature of the interaction depends on a country's resource abundance and distribution. As shown by the example of Western Europe, land-scarce countries will reach a developed stage through a non-monotonic evolution of trade policy. In contrast, land-abundant countries, especially those with concentrated landownership, tend to fail to take off because of landlords' opposition to industrialization.
日時: 2006年9月9日(土曜日) 14:00-18:00
場所: 政策研究大学院大学 1階 1B会議室
地図: http://www.grips.ac.jp/jp/docs/map.pdf
14:00-15:50
講演者: 中林真幸氏 (大阪大学大学院 経済学研究科)
題目: Hedonic Prices and Multidimensional Incentives
概要: Human tasks are often multidimensional. Holmstrom and Milgrom (1991) concluded that high-powered” incentives cannot work unless all dimensions of these tasks are observable in the firm. However, as this study shows, if the firm can observe the price vector of its products in the market, distinguish each dimension of the price vector, and connect the information with signals from workers in the firm, then the use of multidimensional“high-powered” incentives becomes feasible. Product differentiation with committed quality satisfies those conditions, which has been practiced by the Japanese, but not by the Western, manufacturing for a century.
16:10-18:00
講演者: 肥前洋一氏 (北海道大学大学院 経済学研究科)
題目: Olympic Athlete Selection
概要: Olympic athlete selection procedures are different among countries and events, and famous athletes are often reported to have lost their selection races. This paper analyzes what type of procedure is more likely to select high-ability athletes while preventing low-ability athletes from being selected by chance. Our game-theoretic model shows that holding one race only is more likely to select high-ability athletes than evaluating each athlete's best or average record in multiple races with voluntary participation. The effect of injury, which prevents athletes from participating in particular races with a positive probability, is also examined.
日時: 2006年11月18日(土曜日) 14:00-18:00
場所: 政策研究大学院大学 1階 会議室1A
地図: http://www.grips.ac.jp/jp/docs/map.pdf
14:00-15:50
講演者: 鶴田大輔氏 (政策研究大学院大学)
題目: Credit Contagion and Trade Credit Supply: Evidence from Small Business Data in Japan
概要: In this paper, we investigate whether the credit contagion decrease the trade credit supply for small businesses using micro data. Japanese economy experienced a large recession after 1997 and the number of dishonored bills and bankruptcy filings caused by domino effects increased. If many suppliers worried about default of customers due to credit contagion, they might withdraw more trade credit from customers even though the credit risk of customers is low. We find that trade payables decrease during the large recession, especially for manufacturers and wholesalers. Also, the credit contagion reduces more trade credit for risky and non-risky small firms in manufacture. However, the effects of contagion are weak for other industry.
16:10-18:00
講演者: 岩田真一郎氏 (富山大学 経済学部)
題目: Geographic Concentration of Homelessness in the Heartland of Osaka City
概要: In the theoretical part of the paper, we present a spatial economy with homelessness for a monocentric city. We demonstrate that homeless people tend to occupy public space located at the center of the city because of savings in transport cost and the presence of network externalities. This location choice mechanism drives the geographic concentration of homeless people in the heartland of city. Using a conditional logit model for location choice of homeless people, and a spatial autoregressive model for a geographic distribution of them in Osaka City, we obtain results that are consistent with the theoretical predictions.
日時: 2006年12月2日 (土曜日) 14:00-18:00
場所: 政策研究大学院大学 1階 会議室1B
地図: http://www.grips.ac.jp/jp/docs/map.pdf
14:00-15:50
講演者: 高橋孝明氏 (東京大学 空間情報科学センター)
題目: Is the Transport Sector Too Large? Welfare Analysis of the Trade Model with a Transport Sector
概要: Because the demand for the transport services stems from that for the final goods, the sizes of the transport sector and the final goods sector in an economy depend on each other and are determined simultaneously. If there is a distortion in the transport sector, notably a distortion arising from the imperfect competition, however, its size realized by the market mechanism may differ from the socially desirable one. In this paper, I examine how the consequence of the market mechanism differs from the social optimum, considering the first best policy, the price regulation and the entry regulation.
16:10-18:00
講演者: 宮本由紀氏 (名城大学 都市情報学部)
題目: 余剰の推定誤差を考慮した費用便益分析---公立幼稚園への適応---
概要: 余剰分析を用いて便益を計測する場合、需要曲線と供給曲線を推計する必要がある。推計された需要曲線と供給曲線は誤差項を含むために、そこから求められた余剰は推定誤差が生じる。便益の値が推定誤差を含むことを考慮せずに費用と便益の比率を見た場合、統計的には1に等しいと判断できる場合でも、1より大きいあるいは小さいと判断されてしまう可能性がある。本稿では、余剰分析を用いた便益が推計誤差を持つことを考慮するために、費用と便益の比率が1に等しいかの仮説検定を行う。帰無仮説が棄却され、その値が1よりも小さ(大き)ければ、プロジェクトから得られる便益は費用よりも小さい(大きい)と判断することができるであろう。分析対象としては日本の公立幼稚園を用いる。分析結果から以下のようなことが明らかとなった。47都道府県の公立幼稚園の費用便益分析では便益として消費者余剰を用いた場合、費用と便益の比率は1に等しいという帰無仮説が棄却されなかった都道府県が5つ存在した。
日時: 2007年2月3日 (土曜日) 14:00-18:00
場所: 政策研究大学院大学 1階 会議室1B
地図: http://www.grips.ac.jp/jp/docs/map.pdf
14:00-15:50
講演者: 川口大司氏 (一橋大学 経済学部)
題目: Wage Distribution in Japan: 1989-2003 (with Ryo Kambayashi and Izumi Yokoyama)
概要: Diverging economic inequality has become a common focus of economic debate in developed countries. In particular, the recent experience of Japan has started attracting international attention. We take advantage of a rich micro-level data set from the Basic Survey on Wage Structure (1989-2003) to perform an in-depth analysis of the change in the inequality and distribution of the hourly wage. We observe that lower returns to education and years of tenure contribute to diminishing income disparity between groups for both sexes. A larger variance within a group contributes to the wage disparity for males, while an increased heterogeneity of workers' attributes contributes to the wage disparity for females. The Dinardo, Fortin, and Lemieux decomposition also confirms the basic findings from a parametric variance decomposition.
16:10-18:00
講演者: 石井利江子氏 (大阪大学大学院 経済学研究科)
題目: Collusion in Repeated Procurement Auction: a Study of Paving Market in Japan
概要: We present an econometric approach to the problem of detecting bid rigging in procurement auctions using bidding data in auctions for paving works in Ibaraki City, Osaka, Japan. We first show that sporadic price wars are caused by the participation of potential “outsiders.” Assuming that the ring is all-inclusive in the absence of these outsiders, we estimate the rule by which the ring selects the winner. It is found that the ring tends to select a bidder whose time elapsed from the last winning is long and whose winning amount in the past is small relative to other bidders.