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(プログラム確定, 2012/11/10)

日付:

2012年12月15日

時間:

10:00-18:15

会場:

徳島大学 総合科学部(常三島キャンパス)1号館3F 第一会議室

地図:

ここをクリック

交通:

徳島空港から: 空港リムジンバス→「徳島大学前」

関西方面から: 高速バス→

(1)「徳島大学前」(一部のバスのみ停車)、または、

(2)「徳島駅」下車。市営バス(中央循環[左回り](徳島駅5番のりば)時刻表)→「助任橋・徳島大学前」

プログラム

第1セッション: 午前の部

座長:

安藤至大

(日本大学)

10:00-11:05

Globalization and optimal employment protection policy

Abstract:

This study analyses the effect of capital market integration on labor market policies. To do so, this paper bulids a tax competition model with imperfect labor market. There are two types households, type 1 and 2, who are risk-averse. While each types households is endowed with one unit of worker, a type 2 households owns a lager capital stock than a type 1 households. The government can choose following policies, unemployment benefits, layoff, payroll, and capital subsidies or taxes. When capital market is integrated, households can invest their capital stock to capital markets in foreign countries. Integration of capital markets leads inefficient policies under which labor productivity is high, however, income inequality within a country and frequency of job destruction are also high. As a result, the social welfare of each countries in integrated capital markets is lower than the welfare in non-integrated capital markets.

報告者:

川田恵介

(広島大学)

討論者:

内藤巧

(早稲田大学)

11:05-11:10

休憩

11:10-12:15

Illusive improvement: gender wage gap and sample selection in Japan

Abstract:

This paper examined sample-selection-corrected changes in log wage gap between male and female from 1992 to 2002 in Japan. The observed log wage gap decreases by 0.13 log points, but the heterogeneous changes in female employment rates across education groups imply an influence of sample selection. I used Heckman's two-step estimation method to micro data from Employment Status Survey, and found that the selection-corrected decrease in male-female log wage gap was 0.09 log points. Further, I used Machado-Mata decompositions with sample selection adjustment, and found that selection has become severe especially at the lower deciles of the wage distribution. The sever selection rule and the decreasing employment rates for female junior-high school graduates imply that the women with low-earning ability have left the labor market compared with those in 1992. Decomposition of changes in the wage gaps corrected for sample selection suggested the contribution of higher education and longer job experience among females to the gender wage gap reduction.

報告者:

小野塚祐紀

(一橋大学)

討論者:

佐々木彈

(東京大学)

12:15-13:30

昼食

第2セッション: 午後の部 I

座長:

明城聡

(神戸大学)

13:30-14:35

Do households misperceive benefits from energy saving behaviors?: evidence from the Japanese household survey

Abstract:

Promoting households to practice energy saving behaviors such as “turn TV off when unnecessary” is regarded as a significant measure against global warming. Only if households misperceive (imperfectly recognize) what extent the behaviors generate benefits, the promotions can work as the measures. That is, for the promotions, it is necessary that there is a gap between perceived and actual benefits from the behaviors. However, there are few studies examining the relationship between them in Japan. To examining the relationship, we conducted the household survey in Soka City in Japan and received 714 answers. As a result of our econometric analysis, we find that households on average overestimate their monetary benefit from the behaviors relative to actual ones. It is also revealed that single young male is likely to underestimate. We conclude that the promotions such as informing households of correct benefit are not always effective measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Conversely, the promotions may discourage households to practice the behaviors. Policymakers should reconsider their promotions.

報告者:

岩田和之

(高崎経済大学)

討論者:

芦谷政浩

(神戸大学)

14:35-14:40

休憩

14:40-15:45

地方自治体の住宅用太陽光発電補助金の経済評価

Abstract:

本論文は、市町村による住宅用太陽光発電導入補助金の効果を分析したものである。本研究では特に、消 費者需要に対する政策による補助金の弾力性と価格弾力性に差を許容するモデルを利用することで、消費者 に対する補助金という形で行われた政策の効果を評価している。1997 年から2005 年までの市町村レベル の太陽光発電導入データを用い、価格などの変数に加え、各市町村の地域性も統制して回帰分析を行った。 その結果、補助金の弾力性と価格弾力性には有意な差が見られ、さらに補助金の弾力性のほうが価格弾力性 よりも高かったことから、消費者に対して補助金を与える政策は、企業に対して単に価格を同水準引き下げ ることを可能とする政策よりも効果があった可能性が示唆された。また、補助金の弾力性は時間を経るにつ れて減少しており、そのことは政策による消費者に対する追加的な効果は、政策導入初期には高いものの、 次第に減衰し、価格弾力性と有意な差がなくなっている可能性を示唆している。

報告者:

花田真一

(東京大学)

討論者:

藤原徹

(明海大学)

15:45-16:00

休憩

第3セッション: 午後の部 II

座長:

岩田真一郎

(富山大学)

16:00-17:05

Spatial competition in a city: Hotelling revisited in an Alonso-Mills-Muth city

Abstract:

The purpose of this paper is to show that a strategic interaction between firms is one of the key factors that determine the spatial structure of a city. In this regard, we expand the Hotelling model of a linear city with two retail firms to incorporate some aspects of an urban spatial structure, which are characteristic of the Alonso-Mills-Muth model. We show that in an equilibrium, the two firms are either agglomerated at a city center or dispersed at two outermost feasible locations. The outcome that arises depends on the values of parameters, especially on the relative size of commuting costs to the city center and shopping costs to a retail firm.

報告者:

高橋孝明

(東京大学)

討論者:

高塚創

(香川大学)

17:05-17:10

休憩

17:10-18:15

Optimal circumferential highway in a monocentric city

Abstract:

This paper investigates the optimal location and capacity of circumferential highway in a two dimensional monocentric closed city model. Households are identical in their choices and endowments. They have three choices of mode to reach CBD. The dense city streets are direct but expensive and slow. The radial highways are faster but need to rely heavily on city streets to reach them. The circumferential highway(s) provides quicker travel to avail radial highways and thus reduces total travel cost. However, depending on the location and capacity of such highway(s), the city is divided by three distinct market areas which ultimately determine the size and shape of the city. Households are utility maximizer taking prices and characteristics of highway network as given. The social planner optimizes global equilibrium utility by adjusting the characteristics of highway network (e.g. location and capacity of the circumferential highway). In our analysis, we do not consider congestion and we assume that the wage and the agricultural land rent are exogenous. We find that the general optimality condition of the transportation network improvement is such that the marginal cost of improvement is equal to the marginal increase in the aggregated dierential land rent. Furthermore, we illustrate a numerical solution of optimal highway network with a circumferential highway using Leontief Utility function. We find that for a city with a larger number of radial highways, the optimal location of the circumferential highway is further out closer to the city boundary.

報告者:

吉田雄一朗

(政策研究大学院大学)

討論者:

山鹿久木

(関西学院大学)