Scope Of Marketing 

Scope of marketing deals with the question, ‘what is marketed?’ According to Kotler, marketing people are involved with ten types of entities.

1.Goods

Physical goods constitute the major part of a country’s production and marketing effort. Companies market billions of food products, and millions of cars, refrigerators, television and machines.

2. Services

As economies advance, a large proportion of their activities is focused on the pro­duction of services. Services include the work of airlines, hotels, car rental firms, beauticians, software programmers, management consultants, and so on. Many market offerings consist of a mix of goods and services. For example, a restaurant offers both goods and services.

3. Events

Marketers promote events. Events can be trade shows, company anniversaries, entertainment award shows, local festivals, health camps, and so on. For example, global sporting events such as the Olympics or Common Wealth Games are promoted aggressively to both companies and fans.

4. Experiences

Marketers create experiences by offering a mix of both goods and services. A product is promoted not only by communicating features but also by giving unique and interesting experiences to customers. For example, Maruti Sx4 comes with Bluetooth technology to ensure connectivity while driving; similarly residential townships offer landscaped gardens and gaming zones.

5. Persons

Due to a rise in testimonial advertising, celebrity marketing has become a business. All popular personalities such as film stars, TV artists, and sportspersons have agents and personal managers. They also tie up with PR agencies for better marketing of oneself

6. Places

Cities, states, regions, and countries compete to attract tourists. Today, states and coun­tries are also marketing places to factories, companies, new residents, real estate agents, banks and business associations. Place marketers are largely real estate agents and builders. They are using mega events and exhibitions to market places. The tourism ministry is also aggressively promoting tourist spots locally and globally.

7. Properties

Properties can be categorized as real properties or financial properties. Real property is the ownership of real estates, whereas financial property relates to stocks and bonds. Properties are bought and sold through marketing.

Marketing enhances the need of ownership and creates possession utility. With improving income levels in the economy, people are seeking better ways of saving money. Financial and real property marketing need to build trust and confidence at higher levels.

8. Organizations

Organizations actively work to build image in the minds of their target public. The PR department plays an active role in marketing an organization’s image. Marketers of the services need to build the corporate image, as exchange of services does not result in the owner­ship of anything. The organization’s goodwill promotes trust and reliability. The organization’s image also helps the companies in the smooth introduction of new products.

9. Information

Information can be produced and marketed as a product. Educational institutions, encyclopedias, non-fiction books, specialized magazines and newspapers market information. The production, packaging, and distribution of information is a major industry. Media revolution and increased literacy levels have widened the scope of informa­tion marketing.

10. Idea

Every market offering includes a basic idea. Products and services are used as platforms for delivering some idea or benefit. Social marketers widely promote ideas. Maruti Udyog Limited promoted safe driving habits, need to wear seat belts, need to prohibit children from sitting near the driver’s seat, and so on.