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1. Stages of DLX Pipelines

1. Instruction fetch cycle (IF) Operation - Send out the PC and fetch the instruction from memory into the instruction register (IR)

2. Instruction decode/register fetch (ID) - Decode the instruction and access the register file to read the registers

3. Execution/Effective address cycle (EX) - The ALU adds the operands to form the effective address and places the result into the register ALU Output

4. Memory access/branch completion cycle (MEM) - Access memory if needed

5. Write-back cycle (WB) - Write the result into the register file, whether it comes from the memory (LMD) or from ALU (ALUOutput)

2. Types of Web Application Frameworks

1. Server-side Web Application Framework (a.k.a. "web application frameworks") MVC based

1. Symphony (PHP)

2. Django (Python)

3. Express (Node.js/JavaScript)

4. Ruby on Rails (Ruby)

5. ASP.NET (C#)

2. Client-side Web Application Framework

1. Bootstrap

2. React.js

3. Angular.js

4. Backbone

5. Semantic-UI

3. Micro vs Macro (Monolithic) kernel

1. Microkernel is a kernel that runs minimal services for operating system performance. In this kernel, the processor performs all other operations.

2. Macro (Monolithic) kernel is a combination of micro and monolithic kernel. It's an alternative architecture where most of the operating system's functions are integrated into a single large executable running in kernel mode.

4. Sub-components of I/O manager in Windows NT

1. Network redirector/Server

2. Cache manager

3. File systems

4. Network driver

5. Device driver

5. Short note- Node, Hub, Backbone, Router, and Gateway 

1. Node: A node is a basic unit in a network, such as a computer, server, or any device that can send, receive, or route data within a network.

2. Hub: A hub is a simple networking device that connects multiple devices in a network, allowing them to communicate with each other. However, hubs operate at the physical layer and are less efficient than switches.

3. Backbone: A network backbone refers to the main high-speed pathway that connects various segments and subnetworks in a larger network. It often uses high-capacity links to handle significant amounts of data traffic.

4. Router: A router is a device that connects different networks together and directs data traffic between them. Routers operate at the network layer and use IP addresses to make forwarding decisions.

5. Gateway: A gateway is a device or software that serves as a translator between different protocols, allowing communication between networks that use different communication protocols or data formats. It's often used to connect different types of networks, like a local network to the internet.

6. Short note- Risk, Threat, and Vulnerable

1. Risk: Refers to the potential for loss, harm, or negative impact arising from uncertain events or circumstances.

2. Threat: A specific potential source of harm or danger that could exploit vulnerabilities and lead to negative consequences.

3. Vulnerable: Describes a state where something (a system, individual, etc.) is susceptible to being harmed or exploited due to its weaknesses or lack of protection.

7. Short note- SSL, & TLS

1. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer): It's the standard technology for keeping an internet connection secure and safeguarding any sensitive data that is being sent between two systems, preventing criminals from reading and modifying any information transferred, including potential personal details.

2. TLS (Transport Layer Security): It's the successor protocol to SSL. TLS is an improved version of SSL. It works in much the same way as the SSL, using encryption to protect the transfer of data and information.

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