formula
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2009/index.html
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009
"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication"
"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor"
Photo: Richard Epworth
Charles K. Kao
1/2 of the prize
Standard Telecommunication Laboratories
Harlow, United Kingdom; Chinese University of Hong Kong
Hong Kong, China
b. 1933
(in Shanghai, China)
Copyright © National Academy of Engineering
Willard S. Boyle
Photo: National Inventors Hall of Fame Foundation/SCANPIX
George E. Smith
1/4 of the prize
Bell Laboratories
Murray Hill, NJ, USA
b. 1924
(in Amherst, NS, Canada)
1/4 of the prize
Bell Laboratories
Murray Hill, NJ, USA
b. 1930
Titles, data and places given above refer to the time of the award.