formula

"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication"

"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor"

Photo: Richard Epworth

Charles K. Kao

1/2 of the prize

Standard Telecommunication Laboratories

Harlow, United Kingdom; Chinese University of Hong Kong

Hong Kong, China

b. 1933

(in Shanghai, China)

Copyright © National Academy of Engineering

Willard S. Boyle

Photo: National Inventors Hall of Fame Foundation/SCANPIX

George E. Smith

1/4 of the prize

Bell Laboratories

Murray Hill, NJ, USA

b. 1924

(in Amherst, NS, Canada)

1/4 of the prize

Bell Laboratories

Murray Hill, NJ, USA

b. 1930

Titles, data and places given above refer to the time of the award.