4.1 – Translations

Students will perform and describe translations on the coordinate plane and analyze the effects on figures and their orientation (G.3A, G.3B).

4.2 – Reflections

Students will perform reflections over lines such as the x-axis, y-axis, and y = x, and describe their properties including orientation and congruence (G.3A, G.3B).

4.3 – Rotations

Students will rotate figures about a point (usually the origin) by 90°, 180°, and 270° and analyze the resulting image’s position and orientation (G.3A, G.3B).

4.4 – Congruence and Transformations

Students will determine whether two figures are congruent based on a sequence of rigid transformations (translations, reflections, and rotations) (G.3C).

4.5 – Dilations

Students will perform dilations on the coordinate plane and describe the effects of scale factors on size and shape, recognizing that dilations are non-rigid transformations (G.3A, G.3B).

4.6 – Similarity and Transformations

Students will use sequences of transformations—including dilations—to determine similarity between figures and justify similarity using transformations (G.3D).