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What is Cognitive Task Analysis?
Cognition is known as a mental action requiring several processes such as reasoning, decision making, and problem-solving. Tasks are activities that must be completed, while analysis is an overview of an action performed. Many individuals with cognitive-communication disorders have impairments with the described processes above. An average population with cognitively intact skills is reported to "wander off" with their thoughts even while completing the simplest of tasks (Zanesco, 2020). So, since this already occurs with the average individual, imagine how it is for a person with dementia, mild cognitive impairment, or perhaps even right-hemisphere dysfunction. It is extremely difficulty for them to finish tasks without their thoughts running away as well. So as SLPs/caregivers/OT's, it is in the best interest to help these individuals carry out functional tasks of everyday life.
How To Create A Task Analysis List
First, get to know the client and understand what functional tasks are important to them in their everyday life. Is it making coffee? Responding to emails? Calling a number to pay for bills? Have a thorough understanding of what is most important for the patient and create task analysis lists for the patient to observe how well they performed a task and consistently adjust so that they may improve. Have the client focus on tasks in order of importance and tailor treatment to those tasks. Create a sheet that is easy to edit and have different steps in order for performance of the task (Sohlberg & Mateer, 2001).
Example of client goal with task analysis:
The client will prepare their morning coffee without cueing in 4/5 opportunities as measured by an SLP's data and observations.
https://perfectdailygrind.com/2017/06/understanding-coffee-extraction-other-key-brewing-concepts/
Cueing:
The clinician will observe and monitor the client's progress through task analysis sheets. The easiest way is to document progress throughout the week (Monday-Friday) to see how well the client has been performing. Prompting systems are especially important, and should be given through picture and auditory prompts (Chang et al., 2013). More cueing such as visual reminders will be given to the client as well as verbal cues if they are having difficulty. Less cueing will be given depending on how rapidly the client makes progress. It is important to remain with the hierarchy of tasks that are most important to the client and to always have a 1:1 conversation to see if any of these tasks changed in order of importance. The best way to do this is through a short interview with the client, caregiver, and/or family members. The client's interest is always kept in mind to continue with a patient-centered approach.
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Who Does Task Analysis Work For?
Task analysis works for everyone! According to Zanesco (2020), attention varies for everyone so task analysis training is commonly used to probe for quality of performance, especially in the workplace. Individuals with mental disabilities and cognitive-communication disorders will greatly benefit from the use of task analysis in everyday life to executively function (Chang et al., 2013).
Materials
https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/FREE-Task-Analysis-Data-Sheets-Visuals-6371610?st=ff40ef04673be8bf8d23edb50e825238
https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Editable-Data-Collection-Form-General-data-form-1568084?st=89f03ef05c396747785eaf20ab602669
Resources:
Chang, Y.J., Chou, L.D., Wang, F.TY. & Chen, SF (2013). A kinect-based vocational task prompting system for individuals with
cognitive impairments. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 17, 351–358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-011-0498-6
Sohlberg, M., & Mateer, C.A. (2001). Cognitive Rehabilitation: An Integrative Neuropsychological
Approach. Guilford Press: NY. ISBN: 978-1-57230-613-4.
Zanesco, A. P. (2020). Quantifying streams of thought during cognitive task performance using sequence analysis. Behavior
Research Methods, 52(6), 2417+. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A714174790/AONE?u=csumb_main&sid=bookmark-
AONE&xid=0e082eaa