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Overview
Phonological Components Analysis (PCA) is an evidence-based practice that targets analyzing the phonological components of a word (ASHA, n.d.). This therapy is targeted towards building expressive language in patients with aphasia and anomia (ASHA, n.d.). Based on a similar principle to Semantic Feature Analysis, a graphic organizer is used to compare features of a word (Sutton, 2020). Features should include initial sounds, rhyming words, ending sounds, another word that begins with the same sound, and the number of syllables in the word (ASHA, n.d.).
How to Implement PCA in Therapy
The client is provided with a word association grid and a central picture
The client will be asked to name the picture
The client will be asked to name the following phonological features of the picture and fill them in on the grid as they answer
Initial word sound
Ending word sound
A word that starts with the same sound
A rhyming word
The number of syllables in the word
The client will name the original word again.
If the client is unable answer any of these components, the clinician may provide them a list of three choices to choose from.
(Sutton, 2020; ASHA, n.d.)
https://tactustherapy.com/pca-phonological-components-analysis-aphasia/
Materials
The clinican will need a blank grid to fill in with the target word and its phonological components as well as pictures to represent target words (Sutton, 2020; ASHA, n.d.). The clinician may choose to use paper grids, laminated grids that can be written on and easily erased, a small whiteboard, or even an iPad, depending on what will work best for the client's needs. Certain apps such as Tactus Therapy also have activities that include Phonological Components Analysis.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Example-of-the-phonological-components-analysis-chart_fig1_240040814
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Example-of-the-phonological-components-analysis-chart_fig1_240040814
Prompting and Data Tracking
Clinicans should provide the visual cue of a picture of the target word each time. From there, the clinican will verbally prompt the client to answer each of the phonological component questions (Sutton, 2020; ASHA, n.d.). If the client is unable to answer a component, the client may provide a verbal list of three options (Sutton, 2020; ASHA, n.d.). As the client's skills improve, the clinician should begin to minimize the prompts and provide fewer additional options. The clinician should take data that notes how the activity is targeting the client's goal, the number of successful attempts, and the prompting or cueing that was provided. An example data sheet has been provided to the right.
Copy of Data Collection Sheet with Cues.docxExample Goal
In six months, Client will independently name five phonological features associated with a word with 80% accuracy across three consecutive sessions, as measured by clinician data.
References
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (n.d.). Aphasia [Practice Portal]. Retrieved month, day, year, from https://www.asha.org/Practice-Portal/Clinical-Topics/Aphasia/.
Leonard, C., Rochon, E., Laird, L.. (2008). Treating naming impairments in aphasia: Findings from a phonological components analysis treatment. Aphasiology. 22. 923-947. 10.1080/02687030701831474.
Sutton, M. (2020). Phonological Components Analysis for Aphasia - How to Guide for PCA. Tactus Therapy. https://tactustherapy.com/pca-phonological-components-analysis-aphasia/.
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