Attention Process Training

What is Attention Process Training?

Attention Process Training is a process directed at improving sustained attention, alternating attention, and divided attention. It is helpful in improving difficulty with task persistence, remembering information, and maintaining attention (Sargénius et al., 2021). In this process, the use of cognitive exercises are designed to fix and improve all domains of attention. Attention process training follows six neuropsychological theories: 1) Use a treatment model that is grounded in attention theory, 2) use therapy activities that are hierarchically organized, 3) provide sufficient repetition, 4) treatment decisions should be based upon client performance data, 5) actively facilitate generalization from the start of treatment, and 6) Be flexible in adapting the therapy format (Sohlberg & Mateer, 2001).

Implementation of Attention Process Training: 

Brain games have been quite popular for individuals with attention difficulties as a therapy activity. According to Brooks (2014), computer games have been quite popular and entertaining enough to grasp many individuals' attention. Thus, it is no surprise that these computer programs have shown improved processing speed and attention speed from their clients (Brooks, 2014). Utilizing computer software would involve auditory and visual tasks for the participant. Clinicians should focus on the needs of the client and see which domains of attention are the most difficult for them. This could be focused attention, divided attention, selective attention, sustained attention, or alternating attention (Sohlberg & Mateer, 2001). From there, the clinician should be able to customize the software with a range of auditory and visual tasks to target the client's goals. Examples of tasks provided by Attention Process Training include selecting the correct number in a sequence and saying the correct word in a sequence. 

Cueing: 

The clinician should provide clear instruction to the individual about the tasks they are going to complete. Prompting should be reduced when the patient's abilities improve and should only be increased with decline in attention. Data will be monitored with the software of the program as it calculates results from the individual's participation. The clinician should be able to add any additional notes of observation on any behaviors the client exhibits during their session. 

Example of patient goal with ATP:

By 04/18/23, the client will be able to keep track of reading his favorite novel without losing his place with a visual cue in 4/5 opportunities as measured by an SLP's observations and data.

Who Benefits From Attention Process Training?

Those with traumatic brain injuries and post-concussion syndrome have been proven to receive the most benefits from attention process training. According to Sohlberg et al. (2000), attention process training is a better method of treatment intervention than simply education in improvement of executive functioning tasks.