A chutney is a spread typically associated with cuisines of the Indian subcontinent. Chutneys are made in a wide variety of forms, such as a tomato relish, a ground peanut garnish, yogurt or curd, cucumber, spicy coconut, spicy onion or mint dipping sauce.
The word chutney derives from Hindi chaṭnī, deriving from chāṭnā 'to lick' or 'to eat with appetite'. In India, chutney refers to fresh and pickled preparations indiscriminately; however, several Indian languages use the word for fresh preparations only.
Chutneys may be ground with a mortar and pestle or an ammikkal (Tamil). Spices are added and ground, usually in a particular order; the wet paste thus made is sautéed in vegetable oil, usually gingelly (sesame) or peanut oil. Electric blenders or food processors can be used as labour-saving alternatives to the stone grinding technique.
One thing all chutneys have in common is they are made to complement other dishes. Many Indian recipes are not considered complete without chutney to accompany the meal. Chutneys can be served as a dipping sauce for naan, a condiment for different curries, an accompaniment to the popular street food dabeli, or even as a spread on toast to add bursts of concentrated flavor.
Dabeli, kutchi dabeli or double roti (Gujarati, Devnagari), is a popular snack food of India, originating in the Gujarat region.
It is a sweet snack made by mixing boiled potatoes with a special dabeli masala, putting the mixture in a ladi pav (burger bun), and serving it with chutneys made from tamarind, date, garlic, red chilies and other ingredients.
It is garnished with pomegranate and roasted peanuts.
Similar in preparation and usage to a pickle, simple spiced chutneys can be dated to 500 BC. Originating in India, this method of preserving food was subsequently adopted by the Romans and British thanks to their encounters and contacts with the Indian subcontinent.
As greater imports of foreign and varied foods increased into northern Europe, chutney fell out of favour in Britain. This combined with a greater ability to refrigerate fresh foods and an increasing number of glasshouses meant the British consumption of chutney and pickle were relegated to army usage and individuals residing in colonial India. Chutney resurged in popularity in England around the 1780s as an appetizer.
Diego Álvarez Chanca brought back chili peppers from the Americas to Spain in 1493. He had sailed with Columbus. After discovering their medicinal properties, Chanca developed a chutney to administer them.
In the early 17th century, officials of the East India Company on the Indian subcontinent subsisted on preserved foods such as lime pickles, chutneys and marmalades. (Marmalades proved unpopular due to their sweetness. They were also rare due to a lack of available sugar.)
Beginning in the 17th century, fruit chutneys were shipped to various European countries as luxury goods. These imitations were called "mangoed" fruits or vegetables, the word 'chutney' being associated with the working class in these countries.
Major Grey's Chutney is thought to have been developed by a British officer who had travelled to the Indian subcontinent.
The formula was eventually sold to Crosse and Blackwell, a major British food manufacturer, probably in the early 1800s. In the 19th century, types of chutney like Major Grey's or Bengal Club that catered to western tastes were shipped to Europe from Indian subcontinent.
Generally, these chutneys are fruit, vinegar, and sugar cooked down to a reduction.
Much like how Sriracha, pesto, or melted cheese can be generically dumped on almost anything to make it taste better, chutneys are the flavor-saver of Indian cuisine—they can be sweet or spicy, chunky or smooth, and typically incorporate some combination of fruits, herbs, and vegetables.
A slightly grainy, spicy, Oscar-the-Grouch-green concoction typically flavored with cilantro and mint—usually eaten with chaat (Indian snacks) and other deep-fried snacks, like samosas, to add heat and freshness.
Tangy, sweet, smooth, and reddish brown, this is the kind of chutney that people either love or hate, due to the very sour yet incredibly sweet flavor sensation that comes with the territory when eating tamarind. Between Hari and Imli Chutney, no chaat is complete without at least one—or usually both.
Don’t be alarmed by the white, chunky, spackling-paste-like appearance; the mild, slightly bitter taste—like a savory coconut macaroon—goes with practically anything in the South Indian food canon (vada, dosa, and the like), and especially idli (little patties made of rice).
There are some, if not many, Indian dishes that may make your tongue burn and your forehead sweaty. This is where raita comes into the mix. It’s a yogurt-based side meant to function as a palate-cooler, balancing out all the spicy dishes. Unlike chutney, there are not specific dishes that pair with each type of raita—it’s totally okay to go for whatever variety does the best job of extinguishing the burn.
The vanilla ice cream of raita variations, cucumber raita is pretty plain, containing diced chunks of cucumber and whole coriander leaves. If you really have no tolerance for spice, keep this version on hand for easy chugging.
Pachranga is not the name of a fruit but rather a company, one of the most famous manufacturers of achaar in India. “Pachranga,” which roughly translates to “five colors,” refers to the company’s signature achaar blend of mango, lotus root, turnip, carrot, red chiles, cumin, and ginger. With all the different kinds of flavors happening here (Spicy! Sweet! Tangy! Earthy!), it’s the achaar that you can truly put on anything, and one that you’ll find pretty ubiquitously at South Asian grocery stores (and by request at many Indian restaurants).
Kachumber is a chopped salad meant not only to cool down the meal, like raita, but also to add texture and acidity to any dish (similar to pico de gallo, or an actually flavorful version of cole slaw). There is one main variation, which includes cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, lime, and cilantro. Some will give the lime-and-cilantro treatment to other vegetables, like radishes; this is not technically kachumber, but pleasantly tart all the same.
So even if you’re not stockpiling chutneys in a separate fridge, you, too, can conquer the great big world of Indian condiments, or at the very least, be the knowledgeable one at the table who can actually tell her achaars from her kachumbers.
Using just your hands to eat a range of food takes skill and practice. We explore the various techniques people in India use and investigate the differences between the north and south.
In the premiere episode of Family Food, we head to Swagath Gourmet, a South Indian restaurant run by the Iyengar family in Edison, New Jersey. We meet brothers Sesha and Murali as well as Murali's wife Padma, who all share a passion for bringing authentic South Indian food to the table. The lentil- and rice-based vegetarian dishes that have made Swagath a local favorite are not only delicious, but also extremely healthy.
After spending time with the Iyengars in their restaurant and their tight-knit community of Edison, we see it's no coincidence that the word "swagath" means "welcome" in their native tongue. The minute you walk into Swagath, you feel like a part of the family.
Here comes some very interesting and delicious recipes to make the most amazing Chutneys, that will go with your Idli, Dosa and Vada. Not only that you can enjoy it with your everyday Parathas. So enjoy these 5 types of different Chutneys along with your meal.
In this video, Sumi will show you how to make a delicious south Indian style mango chutney recipe. What's great about this chutney is that it hits all of the flavour profiles - sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and spicy! It works great as a dipping sauce, flavourful vegan spread for rice cakes and wraps, or more traditionally as a side in a south Indian meal!
In India, chutneys can be either made alongside pickles that are matured in the sun for up to two weeks and kept up to a year or, more commonly, are freshly made from fresh ingredients that can be kept a couple of days or a week in the refrigerator.
In Tamil Nadu, thogayal or thuvayal (Tamil) are preparations similar to chutney but with a pasty consistency. In Andhra Pradesh it is also called pacchadi. In Kerala it is also called chammanthi and in Telangana it is called tokku or also pacchadi. Thengai chutney, a coconut-based chutney, is the one being referred when only 'chutney' is said.
Occasionally, chutneys that contrast in taste and colour can be served together—a favourite combination being a green mint and chili chutney with a contrasting sweet brown tamarind and date chutney.
Western-style chutneys are usually fruit, vinegar, and sugar cooked down to a reduction, with added flavourings. These may include sugar, salt, garlic, tamarind, onion or ginger. Western-style chutneys originated from Anglo-Indians at the time of the British Raj recreated Indian chutneys using English orchard fruits—sour cooking apples and rhubarb, for example. They would often contain dried fruit: raisins, currants, and sultanas.