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Concept: Tall buildings can be enabled by flying cars since they overcome the elevator conundrum (See explanation below). So the concept below 'disrupts' elevators in some sense and also the limit on the height of buildings.
Problem: "the elevator conundrum" limits the height of buildings.
In the diagram, the blue elevator shafts are for express elevators, for example in the leftmost one, the elevator shuttles between ground and floor 20, where those who are going to 21-30 take the red elevator in the continuation of that shaft, or "on top of it" The shaft to the right is for an elevator (blue) shuttling between ground and ten.
An elevator for every 10 floors (we'll call this a 'segment') is very annoying to most residents, let alone for business-people in an office-building, but we'll use it as an example. If a building has 4 segments as does the 40-story building in the diagram, then the lowest part of the building needs 4 elevator-shafts, the next segment above need some less, and so on. A 300-story building with 10-floor segments as in the example above has 30 segments and therefore will need 30 elevator shafts in the first segment, which uses up far too much space. The wider the building the more space there is, but the more people will be expected to inhabit it or work in it and so the leevators willneed to be larger, or the amount of floors in a segment will have to be decreased.
(Amount of floors/floors per segment = amount of segments (A) = amount of shafts in the first segment.
The next segment will have one fewer shafts, A - 1. If we call each shaft of a segment one shaft (eg the red rectangle in the diagram), the amount of shafts in the building is:
A + (A - 1) + (A - 2) + ..... + 1 or: 1+2 + 3 + 4 + A,
ie the Sum of N as N goes from 1 to A. The sum is: (A/2)(A + 1).
For the example above where A = 4, it is 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10 'shafts' each of height 10-stories, ie where A = 4: Total amount of 'shafts' = (4/2)(4+1) = 2 x 5 = 10.
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If there are instead only elevators for the 100's, for the 10's and for the ones, then to go to floor 344 one needs to wait for the hundreds elevator, ride it to the first stop at 100, then to the 2nd at 200 then get off at the 3rd stop, 300, then wait for the tens elevator, ride it four stops to 40, then wait for the ones elevator to go 4 stops (of course one can walk four flights up, or ride it to 30 and walk 6 flights down, and it is a healthy solution but not a solution people want.) Waiting for three elevators is not acceptable to business-people. So I use express and super-express elevators. The elevators ares like commuter-train (subway) lines but vertical.
Anther issue: imagine how many people will be waiting in the lobby at 8:45 am in order to get to floors 200-300 .... the amount that today fills an entire skyscraper. They won't fit in one elevator, so even if there are super-express elevators one will need many simultaneous ones. (I should indicate this in the diagram.)
There are possibilities for multiple-use of each shaft, several elevators using electric power from rails to independently move, like subways rather than using cables, so that when the first elevator reaches its second stop, another one slides in to the shaft, accepts passengers and rises independently to the first few stops, and then goes back down before the first elevator would hit it on its way down. [See for example the Google results for rope-free and multi-car Elevators below.]
Computerized systems should make this possible, since the exact location of each elevator is known precisely at all times, so an indicator can tell passengers at the bottom up to which floor it will go.
Perhaps this system can also be used for commuter lines, train systems, flexible shuttles between stops which are not being currently served.
I suggested super-express subways many years ago to the NYC subway system, where there are two tracks at most stations, so the train being bypassed would have a place to go. I think computer simulations would help create a useful model. I would have a train leaving from the most distant station (for example every half hour) super express to the most popular destination at that hour for those passengers, something that is easy to determine using smart-phones. The destination can be different on work days, weekends and holidays. And in this way also connect other key stations. One would of course need computer-systems with fail-safes keeping track of all subways, and systems on the subways themselves to communicate automatically with each other etc, as there will be for autonomous cars.
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For discussions of the "elevator conundrum", see for example:
- "elevatorpedia": Elevator_Conundrum
- "is there a limit to how-tall-buildings-can-get?"
- popular science: "how-high-will-they-build"
- very briefly re the elevator conundrum in wiki's "Skyscraper_design_and_construction"
Solution: "Flying-cars" and automated driving/takeoff/parking systems will allow individual direct-access for residential and office buildings, obviating the need for (many) elevators. [see further below also re: self-flying passenger-planes.]
Note: Actually, what is needed are not 'flying-cars' which implies that they can also drive on land, but rather individual flying vehicles which are sufficiently versatile, small, and also easy to handle, in order to allow take off and landing on a balcony-ledge of a residential or office-building, basically mini-copters.
Even those who will drive on land part of the way to/from their destination do not require a combination land-vehicle and air-vehicle (a real 'flying-car') - instead they can dock a flying-vehicle on top of a standard ground-car which is then parked, after which the flying-vehicle is then used. Flying cars simply combine the two.
About flying cars:
- Volvo's parent company acquires flying car startup ;
- Will Japan win the flying car race?
- Flying Car Company Terrafugia Sold to Chinese Automaker Geely
- video: 4 Real Flying Cars That Actually Fly
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"The economist" article, and my comment to it published there, under the name 'Avirab1":
Apr 29th 2017 http://www.economist.com/node/21721339/comments Question: does this impact patentability?
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Note: Depending of building-material-strength technology, tall buildings require a wider base, and therefore larger interior spaces, and narrower 'railway-flat' configurations of apartments and offices. The width of an individual unit may be set by that of the vehicle used to access it.
Natural lighting in the interior remains an issue to be resolved, but there are options such as: fiber optics, empty-interior shell-buildings, and lightless interior commercial space).
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The next step: is it a new idea, is it useful, can one make money from it?
- Can I patent the concept? Perhaps some aspect of the flight control-coordination required to park and take-off from the ledges (on the outside of the buildings, or indoors as in the screen-capture of "Fifth Element" movie frames below). If the buildings will take 20 years to build, the patent will expire, however the Chinese build skyscrapers quickly. But who will build them, who has the need? Congested wealthy cities like Singapore, Hong Kong, Manhattan etc? Who would pay - does it solve a problem for municipalities? for builders? for commercial enterprises?
- How can one take advantage of the possibility of there arising tall-building vertical commercial centers near tall residential tall-buildings, with people flying from their 230th floor apartment to a McDonalds on the 298th floor of a nearby building.
- Perhaps one should instead think of drone-delivery stations - but they need not go to the parking ledge outside an individual apartment, there can instead be a rooftop reception-area for the goods of all residents of the building, with a dumb-waiter system delivery to the auto-concierge for that floor, with items withdrawn via a swipe from the purchasing credit card.
- Should I partner with someone who can write an algorithm and then we can patent/sell that?
- Should I try to sell the idea to a business person?
Perhaps try to arrange a partnership between all the required components with myself getting some type of agent's percentage? A partnership between companies which can:
- build flying-cars
- create the needed hardware & software for 3-d traffic control, take-off & parking
- build very tall buildings; determine appropriate locations (bedrock? less wind?); obtain permits
- create natural-light channeling fiber-optic systems for the interior
- fill the interior space with commercial enterprises.
Needed: Adapting the 2-d driverless-car sensor-system etc to 3-d.
There can also be systems to regulate all types of flying vehicles (cars and passenger-planes, as well as automated delivery-vehicles) in place of human air traffic controllers, to control navigation instead of pilots, and to automate take-off and landing from office & home-ports (landing-slabs adjacent to apartment) etc.
Also for land: self-driving public transport (buses, trains, subways).
[Prediction: like shabbat elevators: free automated Shabbat-trains/buses in Israel within ten years.]
Then, self-piloted passenger and cargo aircraft.
And: maybe self-piloted passenger and cargo aircraft which can fly between any given points rather than airports.
Business model: "Where the money comes from": see details below: 1. land-buying in anticipation; 2. developing and licensing the needed systems. 3. licensing a patent. 4. anticipating resulting changes.
1. land which can be zoned for the purpose and which can withstand the weight-load can become more valuable as building-height increases, though at some point, as many are built, this increases supply and so space can become less expensive, so intelligent buying of appropriate land might be a good idea.
Also: Eliminating elevators increases the percentage of the volume utilized commercially,so even for the same amount of floors the value of a building increases;
2. Building owners/residents will pay to use the automated system - it will replace elevators as a cost in erecting a building.
3. Patent issues: The concept in some sense exists in science fiction movies (see below), but seemingly not explicitly as a solution to "the elevator conundrum"; in this context: see also my comment below to the economist online re this concept - does this place the idea in the public domain?).
4. There may be ways in which tall buildings will change commerce and other aspects of urban life, and advantage could be gained by those who are prepared. For example: People with flying cars living in elevator-less buildings will not really be good customers for establishments at street-level near their building.)
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From the movie "the fifth element": flying car leaving building: note the car passing ahead (visible in the video), requiring a god air traffic control system.
Some flying cars being designed now are basically helicopters, not flying cars.
Note that the ones in the movie have no visible means of arranging flight. And: I think parking slabs like balconies will be better.
Flying-car chase-scene:
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Best is to concentrate on solving the problem of already-exisitng buildings, making a systme independent of elevators, ie the grid-idea, individual 'cars' arriving by placing an order, and a computer/algorithm sends them on their journey to the roof or ground by a maximising route, not to hit others at intersections of the grid, and organized to take the least time etc.
It is exactly the case of traffic-lights which are controlled by a central system according to need - that is the horizontal case, whereas the building is the vertical case (and wrapped around the 3 sides of the bldg so is is a closed surface).
A separate issue is to design & build the 'cars', and design and build the way they hold onto the grid-rails etc.
So maybe one can patent the grid/rails idea not the algortihm, nor the drone-aspect.
If can solve an exisitng problem, it wlll inter-alia be adopted to solve the problem of very tall bdgs. (If I need to patent the system first, I should write to the two patent attorneys I spoke to about this idea.)
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Additional details, some of which impact patenting and business opportunities: There can be landing pads on the outside of the building, individually or one for each floor (perhaps a double-lane, one being the 'service-road').
Automatic systems can handle the "take-off" and "parking". Perhaps this is what can be developed and patented?
Population-density issues: If by definition the residents all access via flying-cars, the additional population will not require changes to public transport or roads, and will be more mobile and therefore less dependent on local services.
Wind: the outer edge of tall buildings will likely bear the brunt (see link below re wind issue).
The more such buildings in a given area, the more congested the skies, the more complicated will be safety & navigation.
Fire extinguishing: by drone, and supertanker.
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Some links:
Interior space issues
· https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slenderness_ratio: Note that the more 'slender' the building, the fewer issues of interior space, such as natural lighting issues.
· https://www.buildinggreen.com/blog/fiber-optics-daylighting
· http://dornob.com/windowless-daylight-fiber-optics-project-sun-sky-inside/
Other issues: http://www.nytimes.com/1985/09/29/us/wind-is-a-major-challenge-in-designing-tall-buildings.html
Flight
· https://www.forbes.com/sites/sarwantsingh/2017/06/05/flying-cars-from-fiction-to-reality/#241b5ecc4b46
· http://www.unmannedsystemstechnology.com/2016/10/dhs-software-enables-automatic-takeoff-and-landing-capability-for-predator-b-uas/
· Intelligent flight control systems: NASA: https://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/research/IFCS/index.html
Tall buildings
· https://www.wired.com/2012/09/broad-sustainable-building-instant-skyscraper/
· http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2989769/Building-skyscraper-Lego-style-Chinese-firm-builds-57-storey-block-record-19-days-rate-three-floors-day.html
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Some further issues: fire-escapes, and access/egress for children
All buildings require fire-escape possiblities, however when fire breaks out, one is urge NOT to takeelevators, and they may even be automatically deactivated, so being elevatorless is not an issue.
Instead stairways have been the standard fire-escape.
However, the trip down 300 flights is not a realistic means for the upper floors, and especially if these are residential buildings, possibly with children, elderly etc. Maybe such buildings are meant only for single and couples without children, who are able-bodied.
However there are options for chutes instead of stairs, bunjee, etc. And bridges connecting tall buildings, as well as major "min-airports" on the roofs, etc.
Also: some countries require high buildings to have a safety floor, empty, fireproofed entirely, every ten flights.
Children: If the only way out to the street is by flying car, everyone living there will need their own. Or children will use other means, eg a slow elevator equipped with toys and showing movies, or there will be no reason to go down to the ground level. With such density, the ground level could never accommodate all the people living in the neighborhood, and so "the neighborhood" will take on a different meaning. People will either seek to have their building be their neighborhood, or will always go elsewhere using their vehicle directly from home (see links re "placemaking" below).
With sufficient population density, schools and medical clinics can be located in the building, as well as a floor of the building without exterior walls which would serve as a park.
Note: At about 3.3 meters per story, a 300-story building is approximately 1 kilometer.
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For existing buildings, and for new ones at the usual skyscraper height
It makes sense to have entry on the roof for those with flying vehicles, with an elevator which starts from there. Perhaps the top ten floors of existing tall buildings can be remodeled for those with flying vehicles, with rooftop parking and an elevator.
[The elevator can stops at every other floor, so only 5 stops, alternating between even and odd on alternating days, but can be programmed to stop at any floor by override when someone is in a hurry. People might like this quirky method which forces you to do a bit of exercise every other day.] One can order it by remote, while landing, if it is not in use.
It may become a prestige status symbol for executives to bypass the lobby, instead of having a private elevator, to land right outside their corner office and enter from a private doorway on the ledge/balcony. So existing buildings will create new ledges outside power-offices, and will want to have systems to regulate the flying vehicles.
Perhaps there can be a combined system: guide-rails on the outside of a building, vertical ones starting at the roof or above it, and interlocking horizontal ones at each floor, for flying vehicles to attach to, in order to be able to safely arrive at a destination alongside the building without being in actual flight at the time (the guide-rails can also provide power) so that any such individual vehicle is like an individual elevator car. As long as there are not too many of them at any one time.
Some of this will be obsolete:
- when it becomes possible to funnel outside light into interior spaces - there will be only one big huge building for everyone, with natural light and scenic views in each office; the building can be as much underground as above, which can help save energy etc.
- when we get tele-conferencing right, enabling full telecommuting, especially with added chemical signals and otheraspects. But all those people working from home might be living in a tall building.....
A possible side-effect of personal flying machines: The major costs of an office are due to cost of the land, and that has to do with location. However a building can be built anywhere when it becomes possible for everyone to fly to work with high speed, and directly from one's balcony to one's office (rather than the hours of time spent now on getting to the train and from the train and waiting for an elevator etc, or going to and from an airport, security, waiting for takeoff etc). There need not be cities, especially if solar and wind power etc become practical so that each large building can have its own generator. (I didn't mention wave-power for buildings in/on the sea because that's too outrageous now).
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Comments: YK & MF
YK
: 1. I see some sort of s self-contradiction in this concept. There's indeed a high demand for (big) city centers, however if the ground cannot occupy all residents it means you need to build an "alternative" city, vertically elevated, to serve the needs of all its residents. On the other hand, if you're gonna build a new city you can do it elsewhere in less populated areas without the need for extremely tall buildings.
2. The solution of flying cars/drones is very pre-mature since it will probably take at least 10-15 years until drones will be able to autonomously fly humans safely from one place to another.
3. Big cities don't want to change the skyline of their city which results in very gradual growth in the number of the stories of new buildings. I find it hard to believe that any city would want to build a building which is 10x times higher than the tallest building it already has, even if the elevators weren't a problem.
4. I would take the problem and solution to a "milder" place where I will try to find better algorithms / designs / materials to elevators which will allow us to increase the number of stories by some factor (say double the number of stories of the tallest building existing today) without the need of flying cars.
For me this makes more sense since the growth in population is not so dramatic so it doesn't require an elevated city, can be feasible in the near future if enough effort will be invested in finding these elements and more likely to be approved by municipalities.
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AR: Here are some thoughts in response to your 4 points.
1. You make a very valid point about creating an 'alternate city'. However what I am thinking of is the life of a typical big-city worker, who needs to commute to work, back and forth, and it is often a nightmare, over an hour each way, and it is time taken away from other aspects of life. What people need is a bedroom not far from work/school, which is why in the US there are many suburbs called 'bedroom communities'; they don't so much need the 'city' aspect to be near where they sleep, they just need to sleep near enough to their workplace.
There are of course many examples of the success of cities which congest many creative professionals in one place, like Manhattan, London , Berlin and Silicon Valley we can see that the limit hasn;t yet been reached, where due to the large numbers of the creative people they are spread so far form each other that they aren;t able to interact, but maybe we will reach that limit, in analogy to large corporations which need to be broken into pieces in order to survive and thrive. And so as long as one wants the existing model of a bedroom community nearby a concentrated mass of offices, what I envision is a commute short-flight from the 250th floor of a residential building, the 'bedroom', to the office, on the 316th floor of an office-building.
Of course one can have offices and residences in the same building, but there still would be a commute from floor 125 to 325, and in any case most people would not happen to live in he same bldg as their work.
All this is of course predicated on people still needing to congregate physically in the same place to work, whereas various tech was touted as replacing that, eg video-conferencing, and now we hear the same re AR etc. Who knows. But I think children will need to be in a school with real physical other children even if a lot of work can be done remotely, but then again, a school can be made from 100 children, any one tall bldg could have its own school.
In terms of creating an alternative 'city': some of that will be in the building, but most will be elsewhere. As is the case for many bedroom suburbs. And just like the internet enables people to create community with others who are very distant geographically, individual-flight capability can enable people to choose their evening activity not to be a stroll on the street of their neighborhood, but rather going elsewhere, as is often the case in large cities, where there are residential areas without cafes or stores etc, and commercial areas without many residences, and one has to travel from one to the other for evening entertainment etc.
But you raise good points and all this needs discussion, and consultation with sociologists, experts in infrastructure, etc.
2. Actually the essence of the elevator-replacement idea is not so much pilotless drones as it is: 1. 3-d travel rather than individual & driverless flying vehicles, and: 2. using the space outside a building to navigate to places inside it (rather than an elevator, which is inside the building).
In any very large bldg there will be many people needing to go somewhere at the same time, so it may be that residents will use a safe-transport system to go from their apartment's window to the roof of their building, and from there in some larger, perhaps piloted-vehicle to a hub, etc. So the question here is whether one can construct a safe system using the outside space of a building, eg using guiderails and coordination-software (plus location-sensors of course) to organize the transit of many people simultanously (as if each person had their own elevator). Think of a 20-story building where one person is waiting for the elevator at each floor, it is very tedious, but if each person can use an outside-the-building semi-independent system, with many routes available and one is chosen by the software, there is no need for delay.
3. I could imagine a deserted location in New Jersey zoning to allow the construction of 20 500-story towers, to house 250,000 people who merely want a bedroom within short-commute of Manhattan. Using the 3-d outside the bldg transport enables people to avoid elevators, and with piloted drones having careful flight-path software and sensors etc, like collision-avoidance, separation-distance control etc, and other systems to assist/control the driver so that one moves safely in 3-d rather than on/under the surface on crowded highways, trains/subways.
Individual drones also are better in a fire situaiton, since elevators have to be shut down, and everyone can choose to exit form their own window rather than running to some staircase.
And as for an incentive for a municipality to do all this, think of the tax-base this creates for that region, 250,000 people working in Manhattan and paying local taxes in that small place in NJ.
4. Some of the links I had sent are to descriptions of newer conceptions for elevators, which have more than one 'box' in the shaft at one time, and they can move in different directions, etc, which can save a lot of space.
And you are right that there is not so much population-increase due to natural growth.However, the issue is not natural population growth, it is the heavy overcrowding in existing apartments, by families, and by young professionals who want to move to manhattan etc; there are hundreds of thousands of people who would move to small apartments in a 'bedroom community' if the rent was cheap, and my hope is that if a building is 500 stories the individual apts should be much cheaper.
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Another aspect of personal-drones: besides elevators being overcrowded, of course public transport and roadways will not be able to accommodate increased density in cities, especially if buildings get taller; even if they do not attempt 300 stories, even if all buildings start creeping up only towards today's standard max of about 100 floors.
How about what is now done for bicycles, where people take them when needed for free or rental per minute used, adapted to drones: commuters arriving at a park-and-fly outside the city where they get into a personal drone which takes them to their office-ledge and then the drone flies back on its own to the depot for the next customer, or is routed to a customer nearby who ordered it online and needs it to get from their office nearby to a meeting elsewhere.
BTW: as all rides are automated, cars and drones, there will be a relaxed time for the passenger inside, usable time, not the nerve-wracking traffic-commute which drivers and subway-passengers face today, and so there will be more ways to attract the passenger's attention, playing ads and movies on their windshield-monitor (they don't need to see through the front window so it can be a screen, or material which allows it to switch from screen to window), and they will be more able to also react to things outside becuse they don;t need to keep attention on the wheel, and their route will not be only along a higheay, so buildings can have more ads and they can make stops more flexibly to shop where there is a special individually-tailored sale on an item they need, as known to the ad system and gps.
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No need to actually read this article, this says enough:
Jun 28, 2017 - The major cause of subway delays is a factor that basically did not exist 15 years ago:overcrowding. The subway is a victim of its own success ...
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http://www.standard.co.uk/business/japan-tells-staff-to-stay-home-to-fight-crowds-a3594681.html
However I don't think this guy'll be able to use a personal-drone...maybe the subways will be only for those like him! :)
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AR: It is a little frustrating that even knowing what will be - I am sure these things will happen - it is impossible to make money.... maybe one needs to do a geological survey to find out where is land which can bear the weight, and an economic demographic survey to find where such a building is needed, and municipal survey to determine where a permit would be given, and in the intersection of all three, to buy land. But that will bear fruit only in some time, and one needs a lot of money to buy the land, so only the rich will make money off this....
Maybe one of these system which I mentioned can be patented?
- the guidance systems with rails from the roof landing parking-lot (vertical, interlocking with horizontal at each floor);
- creating landing-pads as ledges on existing and new buildings;
- separately from existing systems for aircraft: the coordination hardware/software for hundreds of crafts flying near the building, taking off and landing - either coordinating them or taking over their controls to guide them in;
- bunjee ropes instead of elevators................. I wanted to make you laugh :) but actually I think a building for athletes would be a great idea, with this type of special-design, ski-slope and bunjee down and rock-climbing up....
I try not to address too many issues in one claim.
the idea of an autonomous personal drone-taxi has been raised in the past, I think. just saying it is vertical is not enough. the engineering design consequences could be. for example, why not do it in a tube outside building?
maybe you want to talk about a vertical drone escalator
Very truly yours,
MF:
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AR: Hi! Yes, you are right.
It is a little frustrating that even knowing what will be - I am sure these things will happen - it is impossible to make money.... maybe one needs to do a geological survey to find out where is land which can bear the weight, and an economic demographic survey to find where such a building is needed, and municipal survey to determine where a permit would be given, and in the intersection of all three, to buy land. But that will bear fruit only in some time, and one needs a lot of money to buy the land, so only the rich will make money off this....
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MF:
as I said, patents are a business tool. so what you MUST do is figure out what business might need what technology and protect that. that really is the starting point.
try writing out the entire future ecosystem (in say 10 years) and try to identify there what you can solve that si critical.
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Tall buildings and "placemaking"
Tall buildings and "placemaking"
www.smartcitiesdive.com/redirect/...site.../self-sufficient-building-design-bullitt-center
Apr 13, 2013 - Self-Sufficient Building: The Design of the Bullitt Center ... 50,000 square foot office building is nestled comfortably within the neighborhood ... it must perform much like an organic system: generating as much energy as it uses, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_building
An autonomous building is a building designed to be operated independently from ... responsible building design to large commercial buildings, such as office buildings, making them largely self-sufficient in energy production. One major ...
History · Advantages · Disadvantages · Systems
https://seattle.curbed.com/2014/8/.../a-look-inside-the-worlds-most-sustainable-buildin...
Aug 11, 2014 - Take a Tour of the World's Most Sustainable Office Building ... being entirely self-sufficient (net-zero) for water and energy over a period of one year. ... The physical design of the Bullitt Center is done in such a way as to ...
www.eniday.com/en/education_en/self-sufficient-buildings-in-power-needs/
It is becoming common practice for new and old buildings including offices, ... Highly efficient, the scheme's turbine is designed to utilize up to 87 percent of the ... to make buildings more energy self-sufficient, many of these solutions are often ...
https://www.pinterest.com/mattgrocoff/net-zero-energy-buildings/
See more about Office buildings, Piccolo and New york. ... http://netzeroguide.com/net-zero-homes.html Net zero properties are fully energy self-sufficient. They're ... Inhabitat - SustainableDesign Innovation, Eco Architecture, Green Building ...
link.springer.com/article/10.1057/udi.2011.13
by K Al-Kodmany - 2011 - Cited by 17 - Related articles
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https://www.amazon.com/Understanding-Tall-Buildings...Placemaking/dp/113881142...
Kheir Al-Kodmany is a Professor of Sustainable Urban Design at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC). Having published over 100 articles on planning and ...
www.wsp-pb.com/.../High.../High.../Placemaking-Attractive-Neighborhoods-at-Groun...
'Placemaking' has become an important pastime for developers because they ... One of the problems we see as we look at many of the tall buildings going up ...
www.ribabookshops.com/item/understanding-tall-buildings-a...placemaking/89411/
£34.99
Understanding Tall Buildings: A Theory of Placemaking (Item) (89411) - In recent years, the rapid pace of tall building construction has fostered a certain kind of ...
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263327689_Placemaking_with_tall_buildings
Placemaking with tall buildings on ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists.
https://books.google.co.il/books?isbn=1317608666
Kheir Al-Kodmany - 2017 - Architecture
Additional studies have examined the architecture of tall buildings or their technical ... In the same vein, urban design research in regards to placemaking has ...
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Sep 28, 2012 - Abstract: The tall building is the most dominating symbol of the cities and a ..... Another challenge is to make tall buildings support placemaking.
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Kheir Al-Kodmany, Mir M. Ali - 2013 - Architecture
Placemaking. with. tall. buildings. Among urban designers' key concerns is improving the qualitative human experience of a city's environment by turning spaces ...
Placemaking in the High-Rise City: Architectural and Urban ... - ctbuhglobal.ctbuh.org/.../2003-placemaking-in-the-high-rise-city-architectural-and-urban-d...
by K Al-Kodmany - 2013 - Cited by 1 - Related articles
extensive photographs and sketches, this paper examines architectural and urban design strategies that improve placemaking with tall buildings. The paper ...
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community and skyscrapers
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[PDF]
MF: as always, I must ask – where is your profit making. From: Avi Rabinowitz [ma...
7/20/17
High there, and welcome to the world's biggest community on skyscrapers and everything in between. If you want to share the news, photo's and fun, please ...
Birmingham Metro Area · Frankfurt · London Metro Area · Megatalls
SkyscraperPage.com's discussion forum is one of the world's most active community discussion portals for skyscraper, urbanism and building enthusiasts.
City Compilations · Chicago Projects & Construction · Supertall Construction · Austin
https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2011/03/how-skyscrapers.../308387/
The ceaseless climb of the world's skyscrapers is a story of ever-evolving ...... The “communityconversation,” as it was called, had been hastily convened to ...
gizmodo.com/14-radical-skyscrapers-that-are-more-than-just-building-1548401492
Mar 21, 2014 - But at one time, skyscrapers were as technologically exciting as the ... in the sky," say its authors, saving space and promoting community:.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyscraper
A skyscraper is a tall, continuously habitable building having multiple floors. When the term was originally used in the 1880s it described a building of 10 to 20 ...
https://www.theguardian.com › World › Cities › Skyscrapers
Oct 30, 2014 - The dramatic experiments in skyscraper construction and urban .... “The sense of living in a community is not explored well spatially in a ...
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www.popularmechanics.com/.../the-future-of-elevators-is-several-cars-per-shaft/
May 13, 2016 - For an invention so essential to modern cities—imagine skyscrapers or even seven-story apartment buildings without them—the elevator ...
https://multi.thyssenkrupp-elevator.com/en/
Introducing the elevator industry’s holy grail and the end of the 160-year reign of the rope-dependentelevator. MULTI harnesses the power of linear motor technology to move multiple cars in a single shaft both vertically and horizontally! ... With MULTI’s rope-free system ...
https://www.google.tl/patents/US1208607
Another object of the invention is the provision of an electro-hydraulic multiple car elevator system, embodying the perfect control of what is known as the ...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTkBPcY0uQ4
Oct 23, 2008 - Uploaded by MaglevRacer
This Multi-Car Cyclic Magnetic Elevator run along a magnetic array magnetic shaft eliminating the need for ...
https://www.researchgate.net/.../282454749_A_Review_of_Multi-Car_Elevator_System
This paper presents a review of a new generation of elevator system, the Multi-Car Elevator System. It is an elevator system which contains more than one ...
https://helixator.wordpress.com/2010/11/21/hitachis-circulating-multi-car-elevator/
Nov 21, 2010 - Japanese heavy-engineering firm Hitachi is already talking up a Paternoster revival with its Circulating Multi-car Elevator System. Hitachi's ...
ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4421440/
by K Ikeda - 2007 - Cited by 24 - Related articles
Multi-car elevator (MCE) that has several elevator cars in a single shaft is the novel system and attracts attention for improvement of transportation in h.
Google results for rope-free and multi-car Elevators
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www.elevatorbooks.com/content/site125/filessamples/179599pdf_00000088474.pdf
by M Sakita - Cited by 8 - Related articles
opportunities, visit www.elevatorbooks.com. This article discusses a system de- sign methodology of the multiple-car elevator system that can be used in.
https://multi.thyssenkrupp-elevator.com/en/
Introducing the elevator industry’s holy grail and the end of the 160-year reign of the rope-dependentelevator. MULTI harnesses the power of linear motor technology to move multiple cars in a single shaft both vertically and horizontally! ... With MULTI’s rope-free system ...
https://www.thyssenkrupp-elevator.com/uk/products/multi/
That’s what we’ve done with MULTI, the world’s first rope-free elevator. By moving multiple cars in a single shaft vertically and horizontally, MULTI opens the door to new possibilities – in all directions! ... MULTI leverages the power of linear motor technology to usher in a ...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E7QlAsxJP-g
Jun 22, 2017 - Uploaded by thyssenkrupp
thyssenkrupp unveils MULTI, one of the industry's most forward-thinking innovations created since the 19th ...
uk.businessinsider.com/german-company-tested-worlds-first-rope-free-sideways-eleva...
Jun 28, 2017 - Company thyssenkrupp developed a system using linear motor technology. The elevatorhas an 'exchanger' to allow for horizontal movements.
www.businessinsider.com/new-type-elevator-sideways-germany-thyssenkrupp-2017-6
Jul 4, 2017 - MULTI is a rope-free elevator, built by German industrial company thyssenkrupp.
https://futurism.com/.../multi-the-worlds-first-rope-free-elevator-sys...
ThyssenKrupp develops the world's first rope-free elevator system to enable the building industry face the ...
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