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While a great part of Gaetano's life was devoted to the care of the poor and the sick, we have to take into account that the main scope of instituting the Theatine order was to start Reform from within the church.
Gaetano, Carafa and their fellows were to be an ideal example of how disciplined Catholic priests should live. They wanted to start with themselves, reform their own lives and then serve as an example to the various parishes. They wanted to set the spark and kindle a fire of reform with the 'common' clergy, that is why the Theatine's actual name was Clerics Regular. From the priests, this reform was hoped to spread to the Bishops (Carafa himself was a bishop when he became a member of the order) and to the whole church by example.
The nineteenth ecumenical council opened in Trent on the 13th December 1545, and wrapped up there on the 4th December 1563. Its main aim was the definitive determination of the doctrines of the Church in answer to the heresies of the Protestants. A further objective was the execution of a thorough reform of the inner life of the Church by removing the numerous abuses that had developed in it.
Gaetano died about a year and a half after the Council started but in his life he had already anticipated the need for reform. With his silent example he showed how the ideal Church should have acted. Many of his wishes found themselves ingrained in the decrees of the council, in fact through Carafa who was made Cardinal and later became Pope, the ideas that were lived within the order of Theatines, were the seeds at the preparations for the council and came to fruition with the Council's recommendations for reform.
Gian Pietro Carafa as Pope Paul IV
THE COUNCIL OF TRENT
The canons and decrees of the sacred and ecumenical Council of Trent:
Bull of Indiction
The First Session
Decree touching the opening of the Council
Indiction of the next session
The Second Session
Decree touching the manner of living, and other matters to be observed, during the Council
Indiction of the next session
The Third Session
Decree touching the symbol of faith
Indiction of the next session
The Fourth Session
Decree concerning canonical Scriptures
Decree concerning the edition, and the use, of the sacred books
Indiction of the next session
The Fifth Session
Decree concerning original sin
Decree on reformation
Indiction of the next session
The Sixth Session
Decree on justification
On justification
Decree on reformation
Indiction of the next session
The Seventh Session
Decree on the Sacraments
Decree on Reformation
Indiction of the next session
Bull with faculty to transfer the Council
The Eighth Session
Decree concerning the translation of the Council
The Ninth Session
Decree for the prorogation of the session
The Tenth Session
Decree for the prorogation of the session
Bull for the resumption of the Council of Trent, under the Sovereign Pontiff, Julius III
The Eleventh Session
Decree for resuming the Council
Indiction of the next session
The Twelfth Session
The Thirteenth Session
Decree concerning the most holy sacrament of the eucharist
On the most holy sacrament of the eucharist
Decree on reformation
Decree for postponing the definition of four articles touching the sacrament of the eucharist, and for giving a safe-conduct to Protestants
Safe-conduct granted to Protestants
The Fourteenth Session
On the most holy sacraments of penance and extreme unction
On the most holy sacrament of penance
On the sacrament of extreme unction
Decree on reformation
The Fifteenth Session
Decree for proroguing the session
Safe-conduct given to the Protestants
The Sixteenth Session
Decree for the suspension of the Council
Bull for the celebration of the Council of Trent, under the Sovereign Pontiff, Pius IV
The Seventeenth Session
Decree for celebrating the Council
Indiction of the next session
The Eighteenth Session
Decree on the choice of books, and for inviting all men on the public faith to the Council
Indiction of the next session
Safe-conduct granted to the German nation
Extension thereof to other nations
The Nineteenth Session
Decree for the prorogation of the session
The Twentieth Session
Decree for the prorogation of the session
The Twenty-First Session
On communion under both species, and on the communion of infants
Decree on reformation
Indiction of the next session
The Twenty-Second Session
Doctrine on the sacrifice of the mass
On the sacrifice of the mass
Decree concerning the things to be observed, and to be avoided, in the celebration of the mass
Decree on reformation
Decree touching the petition for the concession of the chalice
Indiction of the next session
The Twenty-Third Session
The true and catholic doctrine, touching the sacrament of order, decreed and published by the Holy Synod of Trent, in the seventh session, in condemnation of the errors of our time
On the sacrament of Holy orders
Decree on reformation
Indiction of the next session
The Twenty-Fourth Session
Doctrine on the sacrament of matrimony
On the sacrament of matrimony
Decree on the reformation of marriage
Decree on reformation
Indiction of the next session
The Twenty-Fifth Session
Decree concerning purgatory
On the invocation, veneration, and relics, or saints, and other sacred images
On regulars and nuns
Decree on reformation
Decree for continuing the session on the following day
Decree concerning indulgences
On choice of meats; on fasts, and festival days
On the index of books; on the catechism, breviary, and missal
On the place of ambassadors
On receiving and observing the decrees of the Council
On reciting, in session, the decrees of the Council under Paul III and Julius III
On the close of the Council, and on suing for confirmation from Our Most Holy Lord
Acclamations of the Fathers at the close of the Council
Confirmation of the Council
Bull of Our Most Holy Lord Pius IV, by the providence of God, Pope, touching the confirmation of the Ecumenical (and) General Council of Trent.
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